Yevardiaղ Profile picture
Southern Colonial. Mostly post history, occasionally linguistics & literature. Threads in Highlights.
3 subscribers
Oct 18 57 tweets 46 min read
Thread w/excerpts of How Long Will South Africa Survive (1982).
Much new info here to me; as a millennial, how apartheid SA worked as a state is a blank. Parallels with🇮🇱 are constant, though author never draws them. SA however, couldn't rely on a powerful lobby or diaspora.Image Author opens with the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, contends SA government very narrowly missed a violent overthrow, just as the Tsarist Russia barely dodged the abortive 1905 Revolution.
Both states had experienced breakneck economic growth alongside boiling social tension. Image
Image
Image
Oct 9 11 tweets 9 min read
Thread w/excerpts of Toynbee on the lost Minoan Civilisation, which had been discovered only 33 years prior in 1900.
Most curious are speculations on possible subterranean influence on Ancient Greek religion. The Minoan culture & language (undeciphered) have no known relatives.🧵 Image
Image
Greek authors had acknowledged from earliest times there had been on their lands an earlier Civilisation than their own, which they had since taken over. But beyond their existence, nothing was known of these "Pelasgians" or "Trojans".
Völkerwanderung means "mass migration".Image
Image
Aug 23 12 tweets 8 min read
First of threads on the Hellenisation of Ancient Anatolia.
A millenium-long process that saw its transformation from an unruly province of the Persian Empire, to the main surviving bulwark of Greek culture by the early Middle-Ages.
Summarising the pre-Hellenistic period here.🧵 Image There are very few good sources on Anatolian between the Hittite civilisation's collapse & Persian conquest.
Known for certain is its unusual linguistic diversity (even by ancient standards) with at least 2 non-Aryan, non-Semitic language families. Because fractured geography. Image
Aug 12 12 tweets 9 min read
Thread w/excerpts of Spencer & Gillen's "Native Tribes of Central Australia" (1899). One of the latest anthropological accounts of Aboriginal societies in a relatively 'pristine' state, though early comments in the book say their isolation wouldn't last much longer.🧵 Image Authors state urgency of their mission, having scant remaining time to describe Aboriginal social organisation & beliefs, already rapidly going extinct at the time of writing. Book mostly focuses on the Arunda (Arendte, spellings vary) still one of the most numerous groups today.
Image
Image
Jun 17 12 tweets 10 min read
Short thread on life of the Tasmanian Aborigines prior to European arrival - the most isolated & primitive human society that has ever existed.
Excerpts from Edgerton's "Sick Societies".
Photos from my own last holiday there.🧵Image
Image
Tasmania is a cool temperate, mountainous & windyswept island, roughly the size of a united Ireland.
Humans crossed the landbridge to Tasmania from mainland Australia during the Ice Age, at least 20K years ago. From 10K BC that connection was flooded, & they were totally alone.

Image
Image
Image
Jun 13 25 tweets 12 min read
Thread w/excerpts of Israel Shahak's "Jewish History, Jewish Religion".
Shahak was an award-winning organic chemist & Classical Liberal. Born in Poland, his family moved to Israel as displaced persons in 1945.
For this book, he received death-threats for the rest of his life.🧵Image A key point to understanding this book:
Shahak's descriptions are mostly about traditional (not liberal/reform) Jewish religious communities, who were the only kind of self-identifying Jews that existed before the 1800s.
They were hermetic enclaves of totalitarian theocracies.Image
Jun 7 16 tweets 8 min read
Thread on Alexander's invasion of the Persian Empire from the Iranian POV.
In particular, how its last Emperor, Darius III, responded to the crisis. Post-conquest Iranian resistance was also far more widespread than recognised.
Excerpts from E. Badian's paper "Conspiracies".🧵
Image
Image
Darius III (hence just Darius) won the throne of the world's largest yet-known Empire as a usurper, from fairly obscure origins.
He was of royal blood -alongside 100s of fellow contenders. Murderous Ottoman succession struggles derived from the harem have an ancient pedigree.Image
May 27 36 tweets 28 min read
Earliest human remains (9000 BC) yet found in Nigeria are comparatively extremely recent compared to China, MENA or Europe whose earliest homo sapiens date between 100K to 33K BC.
But this may be simply due to a lack of investigation - the Stone Age isn't an area I know about.Image
Image
With a lack of any written records, the process of state formation in the Nigeria region remains murky.
Whilst early farming villages were organised in a relatively "democratic" manner, major decisions & "foreign relations" were conducted by martial Secret Societies.
Image
Image
May 14 17 tweets 13 min read
Thread w/excerpts from Zubok's "Collapse: The Fall of the Soviet Union".
The author believe's the USSR's dissolution was not inevitable, & US pressure had little to do with it. Rereading this, I'm still astounded by Gorbachev's naivety & hubris - unshaken even to the very end.🧵Image A key to understanding Gorbachev, ignored by both Western & Russian historiography: "He was the last true Leninist believer".
Gorbachev believed in the myth (for schoolchildren) of Lenin as a kindly man, only forced to rule through terror by extreme circumstances. As an adult. Image
May 9 34 tweets 20 min read
Thread w/excerpts of "Disorderly Liberty".
Anyone claiming "real Libertarianism🐍has never been tried" has never heard of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
For over a century, its government, by design, atrophied to almost nothing, until it was extinguished by outsiders.🧵Image Background up the the 18th Century.
Despite the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's [hence PLC] compound name & bewildering ethnic diversity, by the 1600s PLC elite was entirely Polish in culture & speech.
Russians/Ukrainians were by far the 2nd largest group, mostly downtrodden.Image
Image
Image
Image
May 3 17 tweets 12 min read
Thread w/excerpts of "The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor".
On the Turkish conquest & cultural transformation of Anatolia, Byzantium's former heartland. This process culminated under the Ottomans, who founded an Empire uniquely ruled by white/European Muslims.🧵
Image The disaster at Manzikert was preceded by decades of aristocratic Greek infighting & administrative drift, but most crucially the de-facto disbanding (to become tax farmers) of the Byzantine reservist core - the "Themes".
Photo from Treadgold (2nd-hand book, not my underlining):
Image
Image
May 1 7 tweets 3 min read
Finally finished re-reading this great fat tome about a week ago. Didn't bother excerpting to 𝕏, was purely for pleasure, a well-known topic, & many Byzantine-themed accounts exist here already.
There was one argument by Treadgold that really stood out to me this time however: Image Namely his explanation for Byzantium's sudden & incredibly steep decline. Over a mere century it went from Basil II's tightly-run & unified realm, ringed by either vassals or cringing & defeated enemies, to one on the verge of collapse, riddled by corruption & political anarchy.
Image
Image
Apr 27 25 tweets 18 min read
Book excerpt 🧵on the Islamisation of the Javanese, the de-facto ruling race of Indonesia & nearly half its population. Over the 20thC Java went from a fundamentally pagan/Vedic society Muslim in name only, to an Islamic one now rapidly jetissoning its old culture & way of life.

Image
Image
Image
Indonesia remains near-invisible globally as a country that's just competent enough to have stable government & avoid wars, but far too poor to project power/culture abroad. However, as E. Asian birthrates collapse & demand labour, this will change.
So its Islamisation matters.
Image
Image
Apr 12 13 tweets 8 min read
Pt. 2 of Stove's review of Jaynes' theory of the Bicameral Mind. Very trenchant point on the total absence of intellectual reasoning in how people arrive at religious belief. Yet "they spring up spontaneously, with irresistible force, almost everywhere in the soil of humanity".
Image Stove's commendation of Jaynes' theory of religion tracing its origins to auditory hallucinations, combining both immediacy & delusiveness. Unlike nearly all other senses, hearing is "peculiarly mandatory". Well, there's also smell.. but let's not go there. Image
Apr 7 25 tweets 19 min read
Thread w/excerpts reviewing one of my favourite non-fiction books ever, J. Jayne's "Origins of Consciousness.." by David Stove. Jaynes posited that human consciousness & internal monologue developed within *historical times*, evolving from involuntarily hallucinated voices.🧵


Image
Image
Image
Image
The reviewer D. Stove, was a tenured Philosophy professor at Sydney uni. He was often characterised as a Logical Positivist, a label he rejected, mainly due to his own deep pessimism on mankind's ability to think rationally. We'll see this informs his own fascination with Jaynes.

Image
Image
Image
Mar 24 26 tweets 20 min read
Thread on how ex-Yugoslavia & the Balkans emerged in the 90s as world leaders in cigarette smuggling, arms trafficking & hub for the international drug trade.
There were endemic factors, but as usual the US greatly exacerbated the problem. Excerpts from M. Glenny's "McMafia". 🧵

Image
Image
Preliminaries. In the aftermath of the collapse of Communism, each state's underworld earned reputations for unique aptitudes in varying criminal specialties. For Bulgaria & Albania it was car-theft. Yugoslavia it was arms & cigarettes. Ukraine & Moldova, human trafficking. Etc. Image
Mar 18 25 tweets 21 min read
Another Scandinavia thread, this time excerpting Stoddard, a once world-famous American author.
Writing (1924) on Europe during its unstable interwar period. Stoddard was deeply pessimistic over Europe's future, but he saw Scandinavia's recent history as a source of hope.🧵

Image
Image
Image
Nordic successes of the early 20th Century were & are virtually invisible to a casual reader of the news cycle.
Between Colonial Crises abroad, Balkan Wars, WW1 & the Russian Revolution, Scandinavia's quiet solving of some potentially very serious problems had gone unnoticed.

Image
Image
Image
Mar 16 30 tweets 23 min read
Thread w/excerpts from Toynbee's 'The Abortive Scandinavian Civilisation'.
Specifically, his thesis that the Norse, in the aftermath of Rome's fall & the Germanic migrations, had developed an embryonic Civilisation all of their own -which was snuffed out by Christianity.🧵

Image
Image
Image
This chapter is presented both as a sequel & comparison to Toynbee's "The Abortive Far-Western Christian Civilisation". For a time, Ireland culturally bloomed under its own independent Church, which even proselytised in direct competition against an infant Roman Catholicism.

Image
Image
Image
Mar 12 26 tweets 14 min read
In light of a 𝕏 personality interviewing the ex-CEO of Blackwater, thought I'd get up a thread on the topic of soldiers for hire.
Specifically, the fate of the Greek mercenaries who fought with the Persians against Macedon. Excerpts from Badian's seminal article 'Harpalus'.🧵
Image
Image
The late Persian Empire had hired ever-growing numbers of Greek mercs, mainly to supress internal revolts. Although the degree to which the Persians were dependent on them is now thought to be exaggerated, the total in Persian service was nonetheless enormous by Alexander's time.
Image
Image
Mar 7 14 tweets 9 min read
Literary attaq🧵w/excerpts of Nabokov's devastating critique of Dostoevsky. When I first read N's book as a Dostoevsky-fanboy teen, it annoyed & even upset me.
Especially because Nabokov's barbs are incredibly accurate, insightful & funny to read. I still like Dostoevsky btw.
Image
Image
Quoted book is top-left... yes I'm a Nabokov completist, he's written so many greater books than Lolita. I've blanked-out any plot SPOILER text in images for anyone who hasn't read Dostoevsky's novels already, unless explicitly marked. Image
Feb 14 12 tweets 7 min read
Starting this year's thread-of-threads of new books I've read in current year 2024 (old phone photo unrelated). Prefer reading hardcopy when possible to minimise distractions, but will sometimes get PDF screenshots post-fact if a passage is particularly interesting. 🧵 Image Finished this early January. The most striking thing about Gobineau is his extreme, even religious level of pessimism & resignation. This despite he lived during an era of among the most rapid & transformative of technological advancements in all history.