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Apr 19, 2024 โ€ข 6 tweets โ€ข 3 min read โ€ข Read on X
๐™Ž๐˜ผ๐™๐™Ž-๐˜พ๐™Š๐™‘-2 ๐™˜๐™–๐™ช๐™จ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™–๐™™๐™™๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก ๐™—๐™ช๐™ง๐™™๐™š๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™–๐™˜๐™ช๐™ฉ๐™š ๐™ง๐™š๐™จ๐™ฅ๐™ž๐™ง๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ง๐™ฎ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™›๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ (๐˜ผ๐™๐™„) ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ž๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ฌ๐™ค๐™ง๐™  ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง๐™˜๐™š.

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-โ€ฆ
Image
2) The study investigated the contribution of SARS-CoV-2 to the burden of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Germany during the 2022/2023 winter season.
Over 37,000 participants from the DigiHero cohort reported on ARI episodes from September 2022 to March 2023. Image
3) They provided information on SARS-CoV-2 test results and symptom duration.
A total of 54,813 ARI episodes were reported, including 9,358 that were positive for SARS-CoV-2.
The cumulative incidence of all ARI was 145 per 100 people. For non-SARS ARI it was 120, and ... Image
4) ...for SARS ARI it was 25, indicating a 21% excess of ARI due to SARS-CoV-2.
SARS ARI caused symptoms for longer (9.7 days vs 8.8 days) and more days spent in bed (3.0 days vs 2.0 days) compared to non-SARS ARI.
Extrapolating to the German population the ... Image
5)...estimated number of SARS ARI was at least 17 million, exceeding official registered cases by 2-fold due to underreporting.
Risk factors for higher ARI incidence included younger age, larger household size, and lower social class. Males and older individuals had lower risk. Image
6) The study estimates are consistent with higher reported ARI incidence compared to pre-pandemic winters, suggesting an additional ARI burden due to SARS-CoV-2.

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More from @ejustin46

Mar 2
Catching COVID-19 in Buildings: Combining Wastewater, Air, and Surface Monitoring !

An amazing study in Nature.
H/t @mryoung151
nature.com/articles/s4137โ€ฆImage
2) This study looked at different ways to detect COVID-19 in a building. The researchers tested air, surfaces, and wastewater to see which methods could best detect the virus.

They placed air samplers in the lobby of a dorm where students with COVID-19 were isolating. Image
3) The air samples showed higher virus levels when students with COVID-19 were present.

The researchers also collected air samples from the building's rooftop exhaust, swabbed high-touch surfaces, and tested the building's wastewater. Image
Read 6 tweets
Feb 27
Alarming Shift in H5N1 Bird Flu: Longer Neuraminidase Stalks May Boost Transmission Risk

H/t @florian_krammer Thanks @DavidJoffe64
journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbโ€ฆImage
2) The H5N1 bird flu virus has been spreading rapidly since 2020. An important change is that the neuraminidase (NA) protein on this virus now has a longer "stalk" region.

In the past, most H5N1 viruses had a shorter NA stalk. Image
3) But the current clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses mostly have the longer NA stalk.

The longer NA stalk may make these H5N1 viruses more able to spread between mammals, including potentially between humans.
Read 5 tweets
Feb 24
What an UNFORTUNATE CHOICE of WORD it is to REFER to the term โ€œVARIANTโ€ in relation to SARS-CoV-2.

No one would think to call Prince William a "variant" or a mere variation of Queen Elizabeth; he shares the same family and lineage. That's all. Image
2) I wanted to use this analogy to highlight the significant differences in pathogenicity and transmission among the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, as demonstrated by a recent study published in Nature.
nature.com/articles/s4429โ€ฆImage
3) By suggesting that the various lineages of SARS-CoV-2 consist of only minor mutations in the Spike proteinโ€”while overlooking the other proteinsโ€”and by using the term "soup of variants," which I consistently contest, we diminish the profound changes ... Image
Read 5 tweets
Feb 24
Can a SYNTHETIC RECEPTOR that BINDS to the SUGAR (Glycans) on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, PREVENT the VIRUS from INFECTING Human CELLS?

Amazing study ๐Ÿ™ @DavidJoffe64
โ€ฆmistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbโ€ฆImage
2) Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 have proteins on their surface called spike proteins. These spike proteins help the virus attach to and enter human cells. The spike proteins are heavily coated with sugar molecules called glycans. Image
3) Researchers have developed a synthetic molecule called IDS060 that can bind to these glycans on the spike protein. This binding prevents the virus from attaching to human cells, blocking infection. Image
Read 6 tweets
Feb 23
WHEN and WHERE was the H5N1 influenza A virus (genotype D1.1) DISCOVERED ?

A very interesting article from
@LouiseHMoncla @angie_rasmussen @MichaelWorobey @PeacockFlu and colleagues
virological.org/t/timing-and-mโ€ฆImage
2) The H5N1 influenza A virus (genotype D1.1) was discovered in dairy cattle in Churchill County, Nevada, on January 31, 2025. The detection followed a routine surveillance program, where bulk milk samples were collected from dairy processing plant silos on January 6 and 7, 2025. Image
3) These samples tested positive for the virus on January 10.
Investigations revealed that the virus likely jumped from birds to cattle sometime between late October 2024 and early January 2025 ... Image
Read 4 tweets
Feb 23
What makes VIRUSES like Herpes, Epstein-Barr, Flu, H1N1, H5N1 and HIV so EFFECTIVE at INFECTING the BRAIN ?

Viruses can infect and damage the brain, leading to conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, schizophrenia, and depression
link.springer.com/article/10.100โ€ฆ
2) Some Viruses are able to successfully infect the brain for a few key reasons:

โ–ถ๏ธ Direct Brain Entry: Some viruses can directly enter the brain through the nose or other pathways, allowing them to directly infect brain cells. Image
3) โ–ถ๏ธ Evading Immunity: Certain viruses can hide from or suppress the immune system, enabling them to persist in the brain undetected.

โ–ถ๏ธ Breaching the Blood-Brain Barrier: Viruses can damage the protective barrier between the brain and bloodstream ...
Read 6 tweets

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