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Cat in the Hat 🐈‍⬛ 🎩 🇬🇧 Profile picture
@_CatintheHat
Apr 22, 2024 • 11 tweets • 5 min read • Read on X
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COVID’S EFFECT ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

🔥 This is an excellent series of graphics from @YaleSPH explaining what we do (and don’t) know about Covid’s effect on the immune system.

Much of this is informed by the work of Dr. Akiko Iwasaki (@VirusesImmunity).

🧵

H/t @fitterhappierAJ Image
This fantastic series of graphics have come from a Facebook post by Yale School of Public Health at the link below:

facebook.com/10006428075591…
Image
LASTING IMPACT

▪️Growing research shows infection with SARS-CoV-2 can create lasting differences in some people's immune systems. Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE...

1. Altered immune system cells which are more inflammatory.

2. Viral reservoirs and fragments which can set off a continuing immune response.

3. Immune dysregulation & chronic inflammation

4. Triggered autoimmune conditions, blood clots & latent viruses Image
▪️5-20% of people develop lingering symptoms or new health conditions after infection, called Long COVID.

▪️As of the CDC's latest count in March 2024, 30% of all American adults who've had COVID have experienced Long COVID. Image
▪️The more COVID-19 vaccine doses you get, the lower the risk of Long COVID.

▪️The more reinfections you have, the higher the risk. Image
172% INCREASED RISK

▪️The risk of developing an autoimmune disease rose by up to 172% after infection, per a study following people from 2020 to 2022.

▪️Up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the likelihood of developing an autoimmune condition after infection. Image
OTHER ILLNESSES

▪️SARS-CoV-2 can also activate other viruses that have been lying dormant, like Epstein-Barr and herpes viruses.

▪️Studies have found kids with prior COVID-19 infections had a greater risk of RSV infections. Image
49% OF COVID INFECTIONS ARE ASYMPTOMATIC…

…which means you may not know if you are actually sick.

This is why it's important to take a multilayered approach to protect yourselves & others:

▪️Masks
▪️HEPA air filtration
▪️Good ventilation
▪️Up-to-date vax
▪️Rapid tests Image
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW

1. The long-term impact on other illnesses

2. Why some people's conditions persist

3. What diagnostics and therapies can help restore the immune system Image
Link to Facebook post by Yale School of Public Health:



You can also find a link to all the graphics & source citations from the graphics in pdf format below (kindly compiled by Jean Du Pays on Facebook) ⬇️

facebook.com/10006428075591…
pdflink.to/yale-covid-19-…


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More from @_CatintheHat

Cat in the Hat 🐈‍⬛ 🎩 🇬🇧 Profile picture
May 15
🚨“Why COVID could be to blame for the rise in deadly meningitis”

“When people regularly catch Meningitis B bacteria, they usually live harmlessly in the nose.”

“The problem is that COVID may have made our cells more susceptible to the bacteria.”

dailymail.com/health/article… x.com/dailymail/stat…Image
A growing number of scientists have been sounding the alarm recently about how repeated Covid infections may be damaging our immune systems…

bmj.com/content/390/bm…Image
This is not a particularly new idea; it’s been discussed in scientific circles for years already.

Back in early 2023, the World Health Network (@TheWHN) published this article which summarised the latest research on Covid’s impact on the immune system.

whn.global/scientific/cov…Image
Read 9 tweets
Cat in the Hat 🐈‍⬛ 🎩 🇬🇧 Profile picture
May 14
HANTAVIRUS OUTBREAK

A WHO representative was interviewed on GMB this morning.

She said that if someone self-isolating at home starts to feel sick, they should immediately remove themselves from company & start wearing a mask…

…but that’s NOT what the WHO guidance says… 🧵
The guidance is clear that those self-isolating at home should NOT wait for symptoms before taking precautions.

For the ENTIRE 42-day quarantine, they should:
▪️Avoid contact with other household members
▪️Remain in a separate room
▪️If contact is unavoidable, wear a respirator Image
🚨Clinically Vulnerable Families (@cv_cev) have issued a press release calling for the government to immediately publish the full operational & clinical arrangements for passengers & close contacts linked to the MV Hondius outbreak.

Transparency is essential at this point. Image
Read 13 tweets
Cat in the Hat 🐈‍⬛ 🎩 🇬🇧 Profile picture
May 11
HANTAVIRUS OUTBREAK:

I’ve just listened to the health update from the US Nebraska Health Officials 🇺🇸

A few points of interest:

1/ in addition to the US passenger who tested positive & the one showing symptoms, it seems there is ANOTHER passenger who may have tested positive.
2/ Passengers currently in the Nebraska quarantine unit will spend a few days there being assessed.

If they remain symptom free & have support available at home to isolate safely, they’ll have the choice to complete the 42-day isolation either at home or in the quarantine unit.
3/ When asked about the US passengers who left the ship in St Helena on 24 Apr (at the same time at the Dutch woman who was symptomatic & sadly died on 26 Apr), they confirmed that these passengers have all been traced & are being monitored - but seems they’re NOT self-isolating.
Read 10 tweets
Cat in the Hat 🐈‍⬛ 🎩 🇬🇧 Profile picture
May 10
HANTAVIRUS OUTBREAK

Following my thread yesterday which criticised aspects of the WHO’s strategy, I’m pleased to see they’ve done a 180° turn in the updated guidance published today:

who.int/docs/default-s…

EVERYONE from the ship will now be treated as HIGH-RISK contacts…

🧵 x.com/_catinthehat/s…Image
…and ALL high-risk contacts will now be required to ISOLATE in a designated facility or at home (depending on each country’s capabilities) for 42 days from last known exposure…

…and for the MV Hondius passengers & crew, the last day of exposure is the date of disembarkation. Image
So for the passengers & crew leaving the ship today, the clock for their 42 days in isolation starts ticking TODAY…

…and their isolation & monitoring will end on 21 June. Image
Read 7 tweets
Cat in the Hat 🐈‍⬛ 🎩 🇬🇧 Profile picture
May 9
HANTAVIRUS OUTBREAK 🧵

Following the WHO press briefing, I wanted to compile a thread with the key points.

1/ ISOLATION OF PASSENGERS

Concerningly, it seems the WHO are NOT recommending to isolate cruise ship passengers (even high-risk contacts) UNLESS they develop symptoms.
Just to quickly recap, it has been confirmed that the passengers & crew (including the 30 who disembarked on 24 April in St Helena) come from a total of 28 different countries.

The full breakdown of countries for both passengers 🟥 & crew 🟦 is detailed below ⬇️ Image
When the 146 people remaining on the ship are repatriated to their home countries, each country will adopt their own local protocols.

However, the WHO are only recommending:

▪️SYMPTOMATIC cases ➡️ isolation
▪️ASYMPTOMATIC cases ➡️ monitoring
Read 41 tweets
Cat in the Hat 🐈‍⬛ 🎩 🇬🇧 Profile picture
May 5
HANTAVIRUS OUTBREAK ON CRUISE

“Human-to-human transmission suspected on board hantavirus cruise ship, WHO says”

▪️7 cases identified so far.

▪️3 people (2 Dutch, 1 German) have tragically died.

▪️1 Briton is in intensive care in South Africa.

edition.cnn.com/2026/05/05/afr… x.com/cnn/status/205…Image
The exact Hantavirus has not yet been identified, but given the ship departed from Argentina, it’s a distinct possibility it’s the Andes Virus.

This strain is known to be transmissible between humans & previously caused superspreader events in Argentina.

nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.105…Image
Below are further details about the Andes Virus superspreader events in Argentina (in 2018):

▪️ Transmission event: Birthday Party
5 guests infected
Symptom onset 17-24 days later

▪️ Transmission event: Funeral/Wake
10 guests infected
Symptom onset 14-40 days later Image
Read 50 tweets

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