tern Profile picture
Apr 22, 2024 β€’ 25 tweets β€’ 6 min read β€’ Read on X
Wow.
Let's work through *all* the slides Yale School of Public Health shared...
🌎"What we know (and don't) know about Covid's effect on the immune system"
🧡
Image
(just the immune system, though, nothing here about cardio or lung or liver or nerve, or other stuff, OK?)
LASTING IMPACT.
"Growing research shows infection with SARS-CoV-2 can create lasting differences in some people's immune systems." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (1)
"Altered immune system cells

Severe cases of COVID-19 can change the parent stem cells that generate immune cells. These altered stem cells create cells that are more inflammatory." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (2)
"Viral reservoirs and fragments

Proteins and fragments that have been found in people with Long COVID can set off a continuing immune response and amplify inflammation." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (3)
"Immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation

Dysregulation = when some immune cells are working hard, and others are exhausted. How long it can last is unknown." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (4)
"Triggered autoimmune conditions, blood clots, and latent viruses

COVID-19 infections can trigger autoantibodies that lead to autoimmune disorders." Image
"5-20% of people develop lingering symptoms or new health conditions after infection, called Long COVID.

As of the CDC's latest count in March 2024, 30% of all American adults who've had COVID have experienced Long COVID."
πŸ‘€πŸš¨ Image
"The more COVID-19 vaccine doses you get, the lower the risk of Long COVID. The more reinfections you have, the higher the risk." Image
"172% INCREASED RISK

The risk of developing an autoimmune disease rose by up to 172% after infection, per a study following people from 2020 to 2022.

Up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the likelihood of developing an autoimmune condition after infection." Image
"OTHER ILLNESSES

SARS-CoV-2 can also activate other viruses that have been lying dormant, like Epstein-Barr and herpes viruses.

Studies have found kids with prior COVID-19 infections had a greater risk of RSV infections." Image
Notice the little bit at the bottom?
"Always feel run-down? Practice harm reduction and learn how you can protect yourself from more damage."
Good idea. Image
"49% OF COVID INFECTIONS ARE ASYMPTOMATIC,

which means you may not know if you are actually sick. This is why it's important to take a multilayered approach (one or more of the following) to protect yourselves and others:" Image
"N95 and KN95 masks

Up-to-date vaccinations

HEPA air filtration

Rapid tests before gathering

Good ventilation (carbon dioxide <800 parts per million)

Attention to wastewater levels of COVID-19" Image
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW (1)
"The long-term impact on other illnesses

Outside of the influence on RSV and reactivated viruses, it's TBD whether altered immune systems predispose people to conditions like other infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or cancer." Image
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW (2)
"Why some people's conditions persist

We don't yet know why some people recover and their immune system restores, and why others continue to decline." Image
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW (3)
"What diagnostics and therapies can help restore the immune system

More identifiers like viral load tests and biomarker tests, plus treatments for Long COVID, are needed to help the millions living with the condition." Image
Wow.
And you might think that was an extensive deep dive into what Covid does to you...
BUT IT WAS ONLY ABOUT YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM.
Covid does that to every bodily system.
That thread was only a glimpse of what we know about what Covid does.
Don't catch it.
Don't spread it.
But, of course, your immune system can then *also* affect every other bodily system, so the cycle continues.

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More from @1goodtern

Sep 4
I was in school yesterday, and a class asked me about my mask. I told them about why I wear it, and first one student, then another, quietly said that they had Long Covid. They explained it very matter-of-factly, the way young people sometimes do.
As they were speaking, I looked round the class at the other teenagers. They were listening without condemnation and with open minds.
Maybe it helped that they were a group studying philosophy and ethics.
Read 14 tweets
Sep 4
When I write posts like this one, I normally get accused of being a doomer, but I really feel like that's a case of shooting the messenger.

But I'm not holding out much hope that treatments for persistent covid infection will make much of an impact on a population level.
Why?
Because of the people who have long covid, few actually know that they have long covid.
Read 30 tweets
Sep 3
Here’s what I do every time I put on a mask.
🧡
I check the mask.
No tears, no damage, straps intact.
I put the mask in place.
Read 25 tweets
Sep 3
Six months ago a young man in our local community asked if he could meet me to talk through a problem he was having.

We met a few times, and recently I asked him if I could share the basics of his story.
He said yes, so here it is.

For absolute clarity, I would not have shared this without his express permission to do so.
At this point, I'm going to throw in a trigger warning for romantic infatuation, because I know that if you've been the subject of this, I know it's not great.
Read 66 tweets
Sep 2
I had a reply yesterday that said that if everyone masked and socially distanced for 2 weeks, we would stop the spread of Covid.

I love this sentiment, and it's true.
It would stop covid for a while.

But only for a while.
Important thread that may help you understand things...
Although it might not help you understand things, because this is pretty complicated, and I find it hard to get my head round how to explain it sequentially.

Figuring out where to start is a nightmare.
Another thing this thread may do is help you understand what most public health organisations are trying to do by *allowing or encouraging* the spread of Covid.
Read 82 tweets
Sep 1
Have you heard anyone anywhere talking about how nurses and health visitors in England are taking more than TWICE AS MANY sick days for "Pregnancy Related Disorders" as they used to?

In the 12 months to March 2020: 204k
In the 12 months to March 2025: 430k πŸ‘€πŸš¨Image
Not for 'pregnancy', or for 'going shopping for baby clothes'.

SICK LEAVE.
SICKNESS ABSENCE.
FOR DISEASES OF PREGNANCY.
Many of those diseases of pregnancy are life threatening to the mother AND the baby.
Read 62 tweets

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