tern Profile picture
Apr 22, 2024 25 tweets 6 min read Read on X
Wow.
Let's work through *all* the slides Yale School of Public Health shared...
🌎"What we know (and don't) know about Covid's effect on the immune system"
🧵
Image
(just the immune system, though, nothing here about cardio or lung or liver or nerve, or other stuff, OK?)
LASTING IMPACT.
"Growing research shows infection with SARS-CoV-2 can create lasting differences in some people's immune systems." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (1)
"Altered immune system cells

Severe cases of COVID-19 can change the parent stem cells that generate immune cells. These altered stem cells create cells that are more inflammatory." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (2)
"Viral reservoirs and fragments

Proteins and fragments that have been found in people with Long COVID can set off a continuing immune response and amplify inflammation." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (3)
"Immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation

Dysregulation = when some immune cells are working hard, and others are exhausted. How long it can last is unknown." Image
THIS LOOKS LIKE (4)
"Triggered autoimmune conditions, blood clots, and latent viruses

COVID-19 infections can trigger autoantibodies that lead to autoimmune disorders." Image
"5-20% of people develop lingering symptoms or new health conditions after infection, called Long COVID.

As of the CDC's latest count in March 2024, 30% of all American adults who've had COVID have experienced Long COVID."
👀🚨 Image
"The more COVID-19 vaccine doses you get, the lower the risk of Long COVID. The more reinfections you have, the higher the risk." Image
"172% INCREASED RISK

The risk of developing an autoimmune disease rose by up to 172% after infection, per a study following people from 2020 to 2022.

Up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the likelihood of developing an autoimmune condition after infection." Image
"OTHER ILLNESSES

SARS-CoV-2 can also activate other viruses that have been lying dormant, like Epstein-Barr and herpes viruses.

Studies have found kids with prior COVID-19 infections had a greater risk of RSV infections." Image
Notice the little bit at the bottom?
"Always feel run-down? Practice harm reduction and learn how you can protect yourself from more damage."
Good idea. Image
"49% OF COVID INFECTIONS ARE ASYMPTOMATIC,

which means you may not know if you are actually sick. This is why it's important to take a multilayered approach (one or more of the following) to protect yourselves and others:" Image
"N95 and KN95 masks

Up-to-date vaccinations

HEPA air filtration

Rapid tests before gathering

Good ventilation (carbon dioxide <800 parts per million)

Attention to wastewater levels of COVID-19" Image
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW (1)
"The long-term impact on other illnesses

Outside of the influence on RSV and reactivated viruses, it's TBD whether altered immune systems predispose people to conditions like other infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or cancer." Image
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW (2)
"Why some people's conditions persist

We don't yet know why some people recover and their immune system restores, and why others continue to decline." Image
WHAT WE DON'T KNOW (3)
"What diagnostics and therapies can help restore the immune system

More identifiers like viral load tests and biomarker tests, plus treatments for Long COVID, are needed to help the millions living with the condition." Image
Wow.
And you might think that was an extensive deep dive into what Covid does to you...
BUT IT WAS ONLY ABOUT YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM.
Covid does that to every bodily system.
That thread was only a glimpse of what we know about what Covid does.
Don't catch it.
Don't spread it.
But, of course, your immune system can then *also* affect every other bodily system, so the cycle continues.

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More from @1goodtern

Jun 18
🚨
Look, I've gone round on this a few times, and I hope I'm wrong, but there seems to be a *really nasty increase* in mortality rates for under 1s here in the last 24 months.

People were already on top of this for the 2022 and 2023 data, but I think the trend has worsened. Image
Look. The deaths in that age range have trended up slightly... Image
... so if you're just looking at the deaths you might not notice that *births have kept on dropping*.
Read 9 tweets
Jun 13
Ten misconceptions about WWIII
1
That it's only WWIII if it goes nuclear.
2
That someone will blow a whistle and announce that it's starting
Read 50 tweets
Jun 12
Think about nucleotide entropy this way.
There's a remote island and a flock of one species of finch get blown there.
There are dozens of different species of seed-producing plants on the island.
The finches are initially adapted to only one type of seed, but gradually their ancestors change through selection so that the ones with bigger beaks are able to eat the bigger seeds, and ones with long thin beaks are able to eat the smaller ones.
Ones with strong beaks are able to crack through the hard seeds.

Ones with curvy beaks are able to reach into the pine cones.
Read 17 tweets
Jun 12
Covid nucleotide entropy had *never* been higher than it was in mid-May...
The first nucleotide entropy peak was June 2021.

You know that one, right?
Delta.
Read 28 tweets
Jun 1
One of the brilliant things about the Ukrainian drone strikes on the Russian airbases by way of drones shipped close to the targets in shipping containers is that the only logical Russian response is to increase security checks on all shipping inside Russia. Which means...
... that Russia may have to start treating every shipping container like a potential bomb.
Massive delays at ports, rail hubs, warehouses. Every container merits inspection. That’s thousands per day. Russia’s military logistics, already straining, potentially gets a whole lot slower.
Read 11 tweets
May 29
It's quite staggering when you look at the doubling of days of sickness absence for doctors in the NHS in five short years.

We're not "back to normal".

We're going *out of control*. Image
Zoom in to "Gastrointestinal Problems" and "Cold Cough Flu-Influenza".

Look at that genuinely astonishing rise from *2019* to now. Image
I mean, seriously, flipping look at it.
Doctors were off sick with stomach problems or respiratory infections for FOUR TIMES AS MANY DAYS IN THE LAST YEAR AS THEY WERE IN 2019. Image
Read 5 tweets

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