Thread by @ejustin46

𝘼𝙗𝙨𝙤𝙡𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙡𝙮 𝙩𝙤𝙥 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮 👍
"𝙋𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙚𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙖𝙙𝙖𝙥𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙞𝙢𝙢𝙪𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙮"

Thx @DrInfoSec
@fitterhappierAJ

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure drives T cell exhaustion cell.com/cell/fulltext/…

2) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce both antibody and T cell responses that offer protection against disease. Both humoral and cellular immunity contribute to vaccine efficacy.

3) mRNA vaccination elicits persistent germinal center responses in lymphoid tissues, with detectable B and T follicular helper cell responses up to 6 months post-vaccination. This supports the generation of high-affinity antibodies and memory B cells.

4) Both spike-specific antibodies and T cells target various regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, including the N-terminal domain, receptor-binding domain, and S2 subunit. Antibodies play a major role in virus neutralization.

5) While antibodies wane over time, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses are more durable based on human studies. T cells may provide longer-term protection against severe disease, especially as the virus evolves antigenically.

6) Analysis of immune correlates in the Phase 3 PREVENT-19 trial helped define the cellular and humoral parameters associated with vaccine efficacy. Both arms of the adaptive response contribute to protection.

7) Ongoing germinal center reactions months after vaccination mean the antibody response is still maturing. This likely enhances the breadth and potency of the response over time.

8) Persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure drives T cell exhaustion, a state of dysfunction. Understanding exhaustion mechanisms may help improve vaccine-induced immunity and durability.

Thanks for reading 🙏