2) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2 receptor are both heavily glycosylated. Glycan profiling showed galactosylated glycans were dominant on both.
The S1 subunit of spike protein exhibited glycan-binding properties and was able to bind to galactosylated glycans on ACE2 ...

3) Removal of N-glycans significantly reduced the binding of spike protein to ACE2, indicating glycans play an important role in their interaction.
Molecular dynamics simulations suggested specific glycans on ACE2 could interact with glycan recognition domains ...

Read 7 tweets

Emmanuel

@ejustin46

Apr 29

𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 👍
"𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗶𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗻𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘃𝗶𝗿𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗯𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗸𝘀"

nature.com/articles/s4146…

2) The transmission bottleneck refers to the number of viral particles that initiate an infection in a new host. Past studies have suggested for viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2, it usually involves just a few particles.

3) The authors developed mathematical models to simulate the physical process of airborne viral transmission through coughing/breathing. Factors like particle emission/diffusion, evaporation, sedimentation, ventilation and virus inactivation over time were accounted for.

Read 9 tweets

Emmanuel

@ejustin46

Apr 28

𝙆𝙚𝙮 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮
"𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗗: 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗮 𝗹𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗖𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗗-19 𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗼𝗺𝘀"

nature.com/articles/s4138…

2) The study investigated levels of the neurological biomarker neurofilament light chain (NfL) in patients with long COVID who had mild acute COVID-19 and persistent neurocognitive symptoms.
63 patients with long COVID were evaluated 2-30 months after initial COVID-19 infection

3) They underwent neurocognitive tests and had blood samples taken to measure NfL levels.
Levels of NfL were significantly higher in long COVID patients who showed cognitive impairment or fatigue on testing, compared to those without these symptoms.

Read 7 tweets

Emmanuel

@ejustin46

Apr 28

𝙆𝙚𝙮 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮 👍

"𝗟𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗰𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗛𝗟𝗔 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗔𝗥𝗦-𝗖𝗼𝗩-2 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻"

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

2) The study investigated whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. HLA genes are involved in immune responses to infections.
Two independent cohorts were analyzed: a US prospective population-based cohort and ...

3) ... an international COVID Human Genetic Effort (CHGE) cohort.
HLA-wide association studies and meta-analyses were performed comparing asymptomatic cases to symptomatic controls with different definitions.

Read 7 tweets

Emmanuel

@ejustin46

Apr 28

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗔𝗥𝗦-𝗖𝗼𝗩-2 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀 😨

ar.iiarjournals.org/content/44/5/1…

2) The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) plays an essential role in viral entry and pathogenesis. Little is known about its potential effects on cancer cells.
This study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 SP on survival and proliferation of cervical cancer SiHa cells in vitro.

3) SP treatment reduced SiHa cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by decreased colony formation. It also inhibited cell proliferation. The anti-proliferative effect of SP was associated with up-regulation of the tumor suppressor p53.

Read 6 tweets

Emmanuel

@ejustin46

Apr 28

𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗔𝗬🤗

Here is a selection of selected studies, summarized, illustrated and posted today.
Knowing that I received 272 studies for the day of April 27 alone, this only represents a very small part of what is published. Sorry 🤷‍♂️

https://twitter.com/ejustin46/status/1784436149550755840?t=_jx0gg2uSA21mJh0TeoFJA&s=19

2) The first 3 studies are the most interesting in my opinion. Thanks to Elon Musk for the bugs on the platform, which crash what I'm sometimes posting and delete some pictures.
Is it easier to send a rocket than to post on X? 🤗

https://twitter.com/ejustin46/status/1784448914311037155?t=Zatc5Jlv1UxAPIH4TUnqTQ&s=19

https://twitter.com/ejustin46/status/1784454854552784964?t=ullOrP-Fg2CE8ZRG4OKbKg&s=19

Read 11 tweets

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