2) The WHO has updated their framework for classifying SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants of interest to better reflect the evolution of the virus.
Omicron and its many descendant lineages have become globally dominant and presented new challenges for classification.
3) Under the updated system, Omicron descendants can be independently evaluated as VOCs, VOIs or variants under monitoring (VUMs).
XBB and its descendent lineages have spread globally in 2022-2023 due to an immune escape advantage.
4) XBB.1 in particular reduced antibody titers from index virus vaccines.
The impact of new variants is lessening as population immunity increases from vaccination and infection. Severe disease is now prioritized over transmission advantage in risk assessments.
5) Continued genomic surveillance is important to rapidly identify properties of new variants that could evade immunity or change disease severity/tropism profiles. Animal surveillance also provides insight into viral evolution pathways.
6) Thanks for reading ๐ and a great great thanks, to a fantastic australian physician and great friend @DavidJoffe64 who sent me this study ๐
๐๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐ฃ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ฆ๐ณ๐ช๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ข๐จ๐ฆ ๐ฃ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ข๐ท๐ช๐ฐ๐ณ ๐ฐ๐ง ๐๐๐๐-๐๐๐-2 ?
From @carlobrogna1 and team mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/4โฆ
2) The authors argue that SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other RNA viruses like poliovirus exhibit bacteriophage behavior, meaning they infect and replicate within bacteria rather than directly infecting human cells.
3) They present evidence from electron microscopy, immunogold staining, immunofluorescence, and mass spectrometry analyses of bacterial cultures that show SARS-CoV-2 viral particles within and interacting with gut bacteria.
2) Platelets play an important role in both hemostasis and immune response. During the COVID-19 pandemic, abnormal clotting and low platelet counts in severe cases have been observed. While platelets are undoubtedly activated during COVID-19 infection, the specific mechanisms..
3) ...remain unclear.
Several platelet receptors have been proposed as potential sites of SARS-CoV-2 interaction, including CD147, CD26, CD36 and integrins. However, the virus has not been conclusively shown to infect platelets through the ACE2 receptor.
2) mRNA vaccines show promise but require encapsulation by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to protect the mRNA and enable delivery. The average particle size of LNPs is a critical factor, as it influences stability, efficacy, and safety.
3) The researchers studied how LNP size affects long-term stability and immune protection of an experimental COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. They produced four formulations ranging from 80-150nm using consistent lipid composition and mRNA.
2) Viruses are responsible for deadly diseases but are considered non-living because they lack the biological machinery to multiply through cellular division, and don't have a metabolism. The definition of life is not universal, but viruses don't meet the criteria for being alive
3) Viruses cannot replicate on their own and rely on hijacking host cells to reproduce. They also cannot multiply through cellular division like other living organisms. Viruses must assemble themselves using the host cell's machinery.
2) In this first study, researchers examined the relationship between gut microbiota composition and immune responses/adverse events in 138 individuals who received either the CoronaVac inactivated vaccine or the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against COVID-19.
3) Baseline abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis was associated with higher immune response to CoronaVac, while certain other species like Bacteroides vulgatus correlated with lower response. Functional pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism also differed.