๐๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐ฃ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ฆ๐ณ๐ช๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ข๐จ๐ฆ ๐ฃ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ข๐ท๐ช๐ฐ๐ณ ๐ฐ๐ง ๐๐๐๐-๐๐๐-2 ?
From @carlobrogna1 and team mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/4โฆ
2) The authors argue that SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other RNA viruses like poliovirus exhibit bacteriophage behavior, meaning they infect and replicate within bacteria rather than directly infecting human cells.
3) They present evidence from electron microscopy, immunogold staining, immunofluorescence, and mass spectrometry analyses of bacterial cultures that show SARS-CoV-2 viral particles within and interacting with gut bacteria.
4) Radioisotope experiments adding nitrogen-15 to bacterial cultures showed SARS-CoV-2 and poliovirus proteins incorporating the heavier isotope, indicating viral replication within bacteria.
5) Studies observed SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels increasing in bacterial cultures over 30 days and lytic plaques forming in bacterial lawns exposed to supernatants.
6) Gut dysbiosis and presence of viral RNA in feces and sewage also implicates a role for the microbiome in transmission and pathogenesis.
The authors argue this challenges assumptions of direct epithelial cell infection and suggests bacteria are a key intermediate host.
7) Vaccination targeting bacteria may be most effective.
More study of viral-microbiome interactions and their toxic impacts is needed to better understand mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches.
Thanks for reading ๐
FYI @gemcarey @DavidJoffe64
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2) The study compared outcomes of different community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) episodes in 235 adult allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) recipients between 2013-2023.
3) A total of 353 CARV LRTD episodes were identified and classified as possible (n=199) or proven (n=154) LRTD based on virus detection.
The most common CARVs identified were rhinovirus/enterovirus (n=130), respiratory syncytial virus (n=63), parainfluenza virus (n=43)
...
2) Scarlet fever is caused by certain strains of S. pyogenes that produce a toxin called streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A.
The M1 strain that caused the recent upsurge is notable for having increased expression of the SpeA toxin due to mutations in the phage that produces it.
3) In this study, they showed that there was a marked increase in invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections in the UK and many other countries in late 2022 and 2023. This coincided with the end of COVID-19 mitigation measures.
Researchers in Texas recently discovered the H5N1 avian influenza virus in wastewater samples ... medrxiv.org/content/10.110โฆ
2) ...from nine major cities over a two month period in 2024. This was unexpected as the virus had not previously been found in over 1,300 wastewater tests.
By sequencing the entire virome found in wastewater, the team was able to identify genetic sequences ...
3) ...specifically matching the H5N1 virus.
The virus was present in 46 out of 163 samples tested from March to April. Further analysis showed the H5N1 sequences matched those found recently in birds and mammals, particularly a strain known as 2.3.4.4b.
2) For this 15th study, summarized, illustrated and, posted in less than 24 hours ! (a new personal record), we decided to start, with some visualizations of Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) tomographic 3D reconstructions of RNA replication organelles ๐ค
3) Flock House nodavirus spherules (white) on the mitochondrial outer membrane (blue). In the inset, RNA is colored red and the replication complex crown structure light blue.
2) BA.2.86 is a recently emerged sublineage of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron that has acquired many mutations, especially in the spike protein. This raised concerns about its potential for immune escape.
3) This study characterized BA.2.86 using panels of serum from vaccinated individuals and those with natural infections. It showed that BA.2.86 has marginally increased binding to the ACE2 receptor compared to XBB.1.5.