Hauntingly beautiful footage of some of the first atomic tests - thread
1. Castle Bravo, 1954
Apple-2, 1955
Wahoo, 1958
USAF B-57 Canberra monitors a nuclear test during Operation Hardtack in 1958
Upshot–Knothole Grable was a nuclear weapons test conducted by the United States in 1953 in Nevada. The test remains the only nuclear artillery shell ever actually fired in the U.S. nuclear weapons test program.
Hardtack Umbrella, 1958
Russia's Tsar Bomba is the most powerful nuclear weapon ever tested.
The Fizeau test of Operation Plumbbob done at the Nevada Testing Center in 1957. Fizeau was an 11 kiloton test
Bighorn, 1962
Redwing Tewa, 1956
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Historical origins of popular English phrases - a thread 🧵
1. "Close But No Cigar"
Meaning: Said to someone who falls slightly short of a successful outcome
Historical Context: The phrase originated from traveling fairs & carnivals during the 1800s, when cigars were given out as prizes to games. As many carnival games seem designed to feel winnable, but then are nearly impossible to actually win, people were often said to be, "close, but no cigar."
2. "Rule of Thumb"
Meaning: A general guide or principle, based on experience or estimation rather than exact science.
Historical Context: The phrase is thought to be derived from an old English law that said a husband could beat his wife, so long as the stick he used was no thicker than his thumb. Judge Sir Francis Buller supposedly made the ruling in 1782 and became known as "Judge Thumb."
Another theory is that the phrase came about from the many ways a thumb can be used to estimate or measure things. Whether a seamstress roughly estimating an inch of fabric or a brewmaster dipping their thumb into the beer to get the temperature, there are plenty of old-school ways that a "rule of thumb" was likely used.
The phrase is found in Sir William Hope's The Compleat Fencing Master (1692): "What he doth, he doth by rule of Thumb, and not by Art."
James Kelly's 'The Complete Collection of Scottish Proverbs' (1721) includes: "No Rule so good as Rule of Thumb, if it hit", meaning a practical approximation.
3. "Pushing the Envelope"
Meaning: To surpass normal limits; to try something daring or risky.
Historical Context: While it might sound like a saying that originated in an office, "pushing the envelope" originally referred to aeronautics. In space flight, the "envelope" refers to performance limits that can't be surpassed safely.
The phrase made its way into the everyday vernacular when it appeared in Tom Wolfe's 1979 nonfiction book The Right Stuff, which discussed the pilots of experimental rocket-propelled aircraft. The phrase used is "pushing the outside of the envelope."
1. Fort Knox Was Named For The First US Secretary Of War
The first fortifications at the future location of Fort Knox were established during the American Civil War. Located in Kentucky, the site served as a military outpost from the late 19th century until the first World War.
In 1918, the government set up an artillery training facility on 40,000 acres of land in Kentucky and named it Camp Henry Knox, after the first Secretary of War.
After World War I ended, the number of troops at the camp was reduced, with part of the land briefly becoming a national forest.
In 1931, Camp Knox became permanent home to the Mechanized Cavalry, and in 1932, the name changed to Fort Knox.
2. Very Few People Have Seen The Gold At Fort Knox
In August 2017, US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin visited the gold vault at Fort Knox and, along with a few other politicians, surveyed the site. Kentucky congressman Brett Guthrie also made the trip, and issued the following statement:
"It was an honor to join Secretary Mnuchin, Governor Bevin, and Senator McConnell to visit the depository yesterday - the first time visitors have been allowed at the facility since members of Congress inspected the depository in 1974... I am glad to report that everything at the depository looked to be secure and in order."
The last Congressional visit prior to this occurred in 1974. To date, only one US president has been inside the vault - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who served as president when the US Bullion Depository within Fort Knox was established.
3. The Gold Vault Has A Door That Weighs 22 Tons
The gold vault at Fort Knox is "encased in 16,000 cubic feet of granite and 4,200 cubic yards of cement." The door weighs 22 tons and is 21 inches thick, and the roof is bomb proof.
The vault can withstand guns, blowtorches, and other incendiary devices.
Living in the White House might seem glamorous, but it comes with some strange quirks.
From secret rooms to bizarre rules, life at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is weirder than you know
Here are some of the strangest things about living in the White House... (thread 🧵)
1. There Is No Private Entrance Or Exit To The Residence
It makes sense the first family can't just come and go as they please, but did you know, according to 'The Obamas' by Jodi Kantor, they do not have any private entrances or exits where they live?
It's one of the downsides to living in a combination fortress/museum.
Staff & tourists have access to the Diplomatic Reception Room - close to where the entrance to the White House bedrooms is located - during regular operating hours, so the first family has to crouch behind brown screens to avoid detection.
2. The West Wing Is Reportedly Full Of Roaches And Mice
In 2017, White House officials allegedly submitted numerous requests for repairs and new equipment.
But, as reported by NBC Washington's News4 I-Team, the most eye-opening one was for pest control to eradicate the mice getting into the Situation Room and the Navy's mess hall in the White House.