Who is Nikolai Patrushev (Snr)?
A deep dive and potted history..
Nikolai Patrushev, a Kremlin hawk, career intelligence officer and close associate of the Russian president. Patrushev belongs to the siloviki of Putin's inner circle. Patrushev, is the "most dangerous man in Russia" because of his "paranoid conspiracy-driven mindset."
He is one of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s closest advisers and wields considerable influence on government policy as the head of the powerful Security Council of Russia.
The council is where Russia’s security policy is formulated, and it is the center where intelligence from Russian sources and networks from abroad are received.
Patrushev is the one who interprets that intelligence. Patrushev often gives interviews to state-owned media about his conspiratorial views of the West and what the Kremlin describes as Russia’s “special military operation” in Ukraine.
👉 His views on colour revolutions, threats that worry Moscow the most and UKRAINE.
Per the Guardian interview in 2015:
“Colour revolutions are another form of destabilisation that represent an equally serious threat – the latest iteration of which occurred in Ukraine.
It is clear that behind the campaign to destabilise Ukraine lies an attempt to manufacture an instrument with which to weaken Russia dramatically. It was with this aim in mind that the preconditions were created in Ukraine for maintaining constant tension, further developing extreme forms of nationalism and sabotaging the Minsk agreements. At the same time, the task of keeping EU member states on a short leash was fulfilled: anti-Russian sanctions and positions are imposed upon them in disregard of their [own] opinions and national interests.
“You have to look at events objectively. The US are trying to prove that Russia is party to the conflict in Ukraine, but that is not the case. Moreover, the US themselves started the conflict in Ukraine.”
In August 2021, during the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, Patrushev told Izvestia newspaper that the United States had abandoned its Afghan allies, and that the reason was the incompetent work of the intelligence services of the United States, Britain and other NATO countries and the misplaced belief of the West in the correctness of its decisions. He predicted that the United States would also abandon its allies in Ukraine:
"...Kyiv is obsequiously serving the interests of its overseas patrons, striving to get into NATO. But was the ousted pro-American regime in Kabul saved by the fact that Afghanistan had the status of a principal U.S. ally outside NATO? (No). A similar situation awaits supporters of the American choice in Ukraine."
In early November 2021, CIA Director William Burns and U.S. Ambassador to Russia John Sullivan met in Moscow with Patrushev and informed him that they knew about Russia's invasion plans. Burns warned that if Putin proceeded down this path, the West would respond with severe consequences for Russia. Sullivan recounted that Patrushev was undeterred and "supremely confident" that the invasion was going to succeed. However, in late January 2022, just before the invasion, Patrushev publicly denied that Russia was prepared to attack Ukraine.
On April 26, 2022, Patrushev gave an interview to the state Russian newspaper “Rossiskaya gazeta. He began with his favorite topic – the evil intentions of the West in general and the United States in particular. Patrushev said that while other countries are intimidated by the U.S. and "can’t even raise their heads,” Russia has “not only dared, but publicly declared that it would not play by the imposed rules” of the U.S.
1/9 Next 👉 Wild theories on human organ trade in Ukraine..
Indeed, the Russian government has been true to its word as evidenced by the brutal war it is waging against Ukraine and its people, which is in flagrant violation of all conventions of war. During the interview, Patrushev talks about a made up “criminal community who fled Ukraine” and “who are now engaged in the widespread business of the sale of orphans taken out of Ukraine.”
Meanwhile, the West, Patrushev asserts, “has already revived the shadow market for the purchase of human organs from the socially vulnerable segments of the Ukrainian population for clandestine transplant operations for European patients.” The West, Patrushev continues, “is giving support to Ukrainian neo-Nazis, by continuing to supply Ukraine with weapons.”
Patrushev then quotes Putin, who called the West an “empire of lies” once sanctions had been imposed. In Patrushev’s world view, the West seeks to reduce the “world’s population in various ways.” One of which is the creation of “an empire of lies, involving the humiliation and destruction of Russia and other objectionable states.”
In October 2022, Patrushev accused the United States and its allies of wanting to "fight to the last Ukrainian". He said that Anglo-Saxons "are exploiting Ukraine as an instrument of struggle with our country ... The goal is to suppress Russia, retain their imaginary supremacy, keep their unipolar world, ensure themselves the opportunity to live at the expense of others.
In November 2022, Patrushev accused the West of inciting Ukraine to attacks on the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant and of assisting in the production of a "dirty bomb". He also accused the United States of wanting to recruit terrorists from Afghanistan and use them in the fight against Russia in Ukraine. He claimed that the West wants to destabilize the world to maintain its global dominance, saying that the "reckless policy of Washington, London, and their allies resulted in bloody adventures in the Balkans, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Afghanistan and Ukraine, which have already claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people."
In January 2023, he claimed that Russia was fighting NATO in Ukraine and that the West was trying to destroy Russia.
In February 2023, during a meeting with CCP Politburo member Wang Yi in Moscow, Patrushev claimed that "the bloody events in Ukraine staged by the West" are just one example of the West's attempts to maintain its global dominance.
In May 2023, Patrushev blamed the United States and Ukraine for the number of attacks in western Russia and said that "the terrorist attacks committed in Russia are accompanied by an information campaign prepared in advance in Washington and London, designed to destabilise the socio-political situation, and to undermine the constitutional foundations and sovereignty of Russia."
On 15 September 2023, Patrushev claimed that Russia had identified and "neutralized" hundreds of foreign spies in recent years. In September 2023, he met the Chinese foreign minister in Moscow for the annual security talks.[54] On 10 October 2023, he arrived in Baku, Azerbaijan, where he met with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev.
On 22 December 2023, The Wall Street Journal cited sources within the Western and Russian intelligence agencies as saying that the Wagner Group plane crash was orchestrated by Patrushev. The paper alleged that Patrushev presented to Putin a plan to assassinate Yevgeny Prigozhin in August 2023, which led to intelligence officials inserting a bomb under the wing of Prigozhin's plane during pre-departure safety checks.[57]
In March 2024, Patrushev claimed that Ukraine was behind the Crocus City Hall attack in Moscow.
On 12 May 2024, Putin nominated outgoing Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu to replace Patrushev as the Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, effective as of 14 May 2024.
2/9 Next 👉 His known beliefs
👉 His known beliefs..
Patrushev considers the 2014 Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine to have been started by the United States and believes that the United States "would much prefer that Russia did not exist at all."
The Guardian ran an article about his views in July 2015, saying his country is under threat – from terrorists, from colour revolutions and, particularly, from America. Ahead of a recent conference to discuss global instability, Patrushev spoke to Kommersant about civil liberties, Syria, and western aggression. He says that global instability is growing precisely because the west continually seeks to solve its problems at the expense of others. This has led to sovereignty and territorial integrity being undermined in a series of Middle Eastern and North African countries. That, in turn, gave extremists and terrorists the opportunity to gather their forces and entrench their positions.
The consequences of the spread of chaos across the world are now entering a new phase. We have witnessed a highly dangerous development whereby extremist cells operating in different regions of the world unite under the auspices of the so-called Islamic State (Isis), which is in fact a terrorist organisation created from one of the branches of al-Qaida.
This pseudo-government has secured the allegiance of such odious groups as Boko Haram in Nigeria, al-Shabaab in Somalia and part of the Taliban movement in Pakistan. A whole string of terrorist organisations in central Asia and the north Caucasus have also sworn loyalty to Isis, including the Turkistan Islamic Party and Caucasus Emirate.
👉 He opined “anti-terrorist coalitions forged by the US are essentially being used to intervene militarily in the affairs of sovereign states.
You can see this in Syria where the attempt to depose the lawful president, Bashar al-Assad, resulted in support being leant to opposition forces. That explains why airstrikes on Isis positions occur only intermittently. It just so happens that if the terrorists are fighting against Assad, they can be considered legitimate, whereas if they harm American interests, as, for instance, in Iraq, they must be annihilated. [The Americans] define which terrorists you can parlay or have dealings with, and which not, solely on the basis of their own interests.
I would like to underline the fact that fighting international terrorism as a single country or narrow coalition is ineffective by definition. Terrorism cannot be defeated alone or by separate groups because it doesn’t obey neatly defined geographical boundaries and can strike these groups without warning. In this regard, Russia is prepared to cooperate with the security services of any country on any continent, including the US.
Countering terrorism is a task for the whole international community without exception. For any state today to believe that it can remain on the sidelines, unaffected by this threat, is naïve. Russia insists on principle that the UN and its security council should take on the role of chief coordinator in resisting terrorism.
3/9 Next 👉 His views on “terrorism” in Russia and neighbours
👉 His views as terrorism the main threat to Russia and its neighbours:
Patrushev claimed that “terrorism” i.e anti-Putin resistance, is one of the main threats to the FSB backed Kremlin under Putin. “In 2014, the so-called Khorasan emirate was formed as part of Isis, including territory in Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The avowed goal of the terrorists is to overthrow lawful governments and implant Sharia law. They intend to form several governments in central Asia that will establish ties with the region’s radical Islamist organisations.
They are focusing their efforts, first of all, on young people and national minorities, partly through the internet. Their rank-and-file followers are interested not only in religious rhetoric but also money. Cases of Russian and central Asian citizens swelling the ranks of the terrorists have become more common. Many are now fighting in Syria. But they will represent the greatest threat when they return home.”
4/9 Next 👉 Maskirovka master - Blame those for what you do?
👉 Speaking of “terrorists” strategy, he divulges perhaps his own mimicking of his likely strategy in Ukraine:
“Terrorist organisations generally plant these people in so-called sleeping cells. As locals, they are able to integrate into society completely, appearing to observe laws and norms. But when it comes to crunch time, terrorist leaders are able to use these “law-abiding citizens” to prepare or carry out attacks. This sort of threat hangs over not only Russia and its neighbours, but also over most countries in eastern and western Europe. [Leaders] there have grasped this and are in the process of amending legislation to bolster the powers of the security services.
It is important, of course, to find the golden mean and not to use the fight against terrorism to infringe citizens’ rights and liberties, as is happening in a range of countries where the population has been subject to indiscriminate wiretaps, and has found their personal life and personal space openly interfered with.”
👉 On cooperation with the US:
“We never broke off cooperation with other countries’ security services, including those of the United States. Where we say that Assad is a lawfully elected president, the United States believe that he is evil and must be removed from power. The US support the Syrian opposition in order to achieve this aim. We say that the opposition there is very diverse: there is a moderate opposition, but it doesn’t represent the majority, and there is the aggressive opposition, which includes supporters of Isis. They should never be supported. The US formerly maintained contacts with Isis, believing that it didn’t represent a threat to them.
They later changed their tune. But Isis had already turned into the [world’s] most powerful terrorist organisation.”
👉The Balkans War Lord from 2016
Following the October 2016 coup d'état plot failure in Montenegro, Patrushev was cited by experts, such as Mark Galeotti, as the Kremlin's point man for the Balkans, which was interpreted as indicating Russia's increasingly hardline approach to the region as well as the latter's growing importance in Russia's foreign policy strategy.
Honored Employee of the Security Agencies of the Russian Federation. Doctor of Law. Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, State Prize of the Russian Federation named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov (05/07/2009, as part of a team; for the development of a training manual “Fundamentals of special training for employees of the federal security service agencies sent to the zone of counter-terrorism operations in the territory North Caucasus", making a significant contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the state), the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Reported by Politico in June 2017, “Patrushev is definitely one of those people who think Russia is in an existential struggle for its survival” — Mark Galeotti, expert on the Russian security services. The former spy’s involvement indicates a more hard-line Russian approach to the region.
“Patrushev is definitely one of those people who think Russia is in an existential struggle for its survival,” Galeotti added. “It’s a Cold-War, Manichean vision of the world. And one in which any reversals for the West are implicitly good for Russia.”
5/9 Next 👉 Snuffing out loose lipped prostitutes in Thailand
👉 His hand in snuffing out Oligarch and Kremlin leaks
According to Anastasia Vashukevich, Patrushev, who had traveled to Thailand during late February 2018, was involved in her arrest in Thailand during late February 2018. Vashukevich claimed to have evidence linking Russian billionaire Oleg Deripaska and Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Prikhodko to Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
Anastasia Vashukevich, who also goes by the name Nastya Rybka, says she’s being held in Thailand after being arrested on February 26, along with nine other Russians, in the city of Pattaya for running so-called “sex training” sessions. Rybka has said she’s from Belarus but entered Thailand on a Russian passport, a Thai immigration official told CNN. While on the way to prison in Pattaya, Rybka published a video on her Instagram account begging US journalists to help her.
CNN quoted Nastya Rybka on 01 March 2028: “I’m ready to give you all the missing puzzle pieces, support them with videos and audios, regarding the connections of our respected lawmakers with Trump, Manafort and the rest. I know a lot. I’m waiting for your offers and I’m waiting for you in a Thai prison,” she said. Rybka has come under the spotlight in recent weeks after the Russian opposition politician Alexei Navalny published an investigation earlier this month on his anti-corruption foundation website into her connections with some of Russia’s richest and most powerful men.
Rybka has described herself as a seductress and has published a “diary” on “how to seduce a billionaire.” In the investigation, Navalny published video from Rybka’s Instagram account showing an August 2016 yacht trip with Russian billionaire Oleg Deripaska and Deputy Prime Minister Sergey Prikhodko.”
When he was confronted by CNN, Deripaska called allegations that he may have been a back channel from the Kremlin to the Trump campaign “fake news.” In a post on his Instagram account, he called the most recent allegations contained in Navalny’s investigation “outrageous” and “false.”
In a statement provided to CNN, his spokesperson said he was suing Rybka and her business partner because they “maliciously made his private photos and personal information public. If someone sneaked onto your house and then published photos from it you would do the same. This information was then used by Mr. Navalny as bait to drum up the interest of an audience, and make up a story far from any truth.”
The Russian Embassy consul in Thailand, Vladimir Sosnov, told the Russian state news agency RIA Novosti that 10 Russians, including Rybka, were detained for running “illegal training” sessions and were “awaiting trial and deportation from Thailand.” The deputy chief of Pattaya’s immigration police office told CNN that Rybka, who was traveling on a Russian passport, was released on bail after being held for working in Thailand without a work visa. She was subsequently detained again and is being held in custody prior to deportation because her tourist visa was revoked, police Lt. Col. Dulayapat Techapornchayasin said.
Rybka has claimed she was arrested in Thailand on the orders of the Russian government because of the videos she published with Deripaska and Prikhodko.
“If we go back to Russia we will die in Russian’s [sic] prison or they will kill us,” a post on Rybka’s Instagram account said. “This is very serious. … Please USA help us not to die from Russians!” After she was detained, a post on Rybka’s Instagram account suggested her arrest was connected to the recent arrival in Thailand of Nikolai Patrushev, the head of Russia’s Security Council and former head of the FSB. The Kremlin dismissed any such suggestion, saying “such visits are, of course, organized in advance. It is quite ridiculous to associate it with the arrests of Russian citizens in Thailand.”
6/9 Next 👉 Celebrating murder and his KGB history
👉Celebrating the Russian instigated Chechen wars with Putin:
On New Year’s Eve in 1999, Yeltsin made the surprise announcement that Putin would replace him as acting president. Putin won the presidential election on March 26, 2000. Shortly before Putin won the election, the cozy relationship between Putin and Patrushev was displayed when the two decided on New Years Eve in 2000 to fly to Chechnya with their wives to bolster Russian troops.
This was during the second Chechen War that occurred between 1999-2009.
Despite another turn in hostilities and bloody attacks on civilians by Russian forces on the ground, Putin and Patrushev opened two bottles of champagne and the two couples drank straight out of the bottles as they flew in the helicopter above the combat zone. After spending an hour with a unit of surprised soldiers, the group flew back to Moscow.
👉 Patrushev’s KGB history
In 1975 he graduated from the Higher Courses of the State Security Committee (KGB) under the Council of Ministers of the USSR in Minsk (Belarus). After completing the courses, he served in the counterintelligence unit of the KGB of the USSR for the Leningrad Region: junior detective, detective, head of the city department, deputy head of the district department, head of the service for combating smuggling and corruption. He completed a one-year advanced training course at the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR.
After the collapse of the USSR, he continued to serve in the security agencies of the Russian Federation. From June 1992 to 1994 – Minister of Security of the Republic of Karelia, Head of the Directorate of the Federal Counterintelligence Service of the Russian Federation for Karelia. In 1994-1998 - Head of the Internal Security Directorate of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB of Russia), Deputy Head of the Department - Head of the Organizational Inspection Directorate of the Department for Organizational and Personnel Work of the FSB of Russia.
Patrushev joined the Soviet Union’s KGB in 1974 and is believed to have first met Putin — also a former intelligence officer — in the early 1990s. After 10 years as head of the FSB, the domestic successor agency to the KGB, he moved in 2008 to the Security Council, an influential body of senior officials set up by Putin.
Clans and confined groups, based on the principles of geography and the fact of personal links, have always played an important part in the highest levels of power in the Soviet Union and then in Russia. After Vladimir Putin came to power at the beginning of the 2000s, the construction of a “power vertical” has begun by appointing his associates to the key governmental positions. Control over state security and the resources of the economy also became an equally important area for him.
Under the presidency of Mr. Putin, the problems which Russia suffered from in the 1990s were not forgotten, but on the other hand, he provided the state with a certain stability and improved standards of living. For this, citizens put up with the fact that the President is increasingly concentrating power in his hands.
7/9 Next 👉 Patrushev’s “official” glorified history
👉 His official history, as window dressed by Kremlin propaganda:
Born on 11 July 1951 in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia), Patrushev is the son of a Soviet Navy officer who was also a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Patrushev graduated from Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute in 1974, and initially he worked as an engineer in the Institute's shipbuilding design bureau, but very soon afterwards, in 1975, he was recruited by the KGB.
May 1998 – Head of the Main Control Directorate (GCU) of the President of the Russian Federation. From August 11, 1998 to October 5, 1998 – Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation – Head of the State Civil Institution.
From October 6, 1998 to April 1999 - Head of the Department of Economic Security - Deputy Director of the FSB of Russia. Since April 1999 - First Deputy Director of the FSB of Russia. Since August 9, 1999 - acting, since August 17, 1999 - Director of the FSB of Russia. He replaced V.V. Putin in this post and remained in office throughout his two presidential terms (1999-2008). On 9 August 1999, a decree by President Boris Yeltsin promoted him to Director, replacing his close friend Vladimir Putin.
The United Kingdom public inquiry into the 2006 poisoning of FSB whistleblower Alexander Litvinenko found that "the FSB operation to kill Mr Litvinenko was probably approved by Mr Patrushev and also by President Putin." In October 1999, he was elected chairman of the Council of Heads of Security Agencies and Special Services of the CIS. Since November 1999 - permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
On September 4–16, 1999, a month after his appointment as director of the Russian FSB, a series of major anti-Putin attacks occurred on Russian territory - explosions of residential buildings in Buinaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk. The authorities declared the organizers of these crimes to be Chechen separatists, a claim long since debunked and it transpires this was the work of Putin to whip up anti-Chechen sentiment . The house bombings became the basis for the start of the second Chechen campaign, as Putin had intended.
By decree of the President of the Russian Federation (“closed”) dated March 15, 2000 (according to other sources, dated January 14, 2002) for courage and heroism shown during the performance of a special task, Colonel General Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation with the presentation of a badge special distinction - the Gold Star medal. Such a good poodle.
In subsequent years, against the backdrop of the armed confrontation in Chechnya where Russia had forced it’s presence and undermined the regional government, a number of major anti-Kremlin acts were committed in Russia, including in territories where hostilities did not take place.
Among them: an explosion in the passage of the Pushkinskaya metro station in Moscow (2000), an explosion in Kaspiysk during celebrations on the occasion of Victory Day (2002), the capture of spectators of the musical "Nord-Ost" in Moscow (2002), the explosion of a bus carrying employees of the Mozdok airfield (2003), terrorist attacks during the Wings rock festival in Moscow (2003), an explosion in the Kislovodsk - Mineralnye Vody train (2003), an explosion in a Moscow metro car on the Paveletskaya - Avtozavodskaya section ( 2004), explosions in the air of Tu-134 and Tu-154 aircraft (2004), explosion at the Rizhskaya metro station in Moscow (2004), siege of a school in Beslan (2004).
8/9 Next 👉 Glorious propaganda washed history continued..
In January 2001, N.P. Patrushev headed the Operational Headquarters for managing corruption revenue to the Kremlin and “counter-terrorism” operations in the North Caucasus region (he headed it until August 2003). Since 2000, the Russian FSB has carried out a number of murderous operations to eliminate the leaders of Chechen separatists and militants, such as Khattab, Aslan Maskhadov, Abu Omar al-Seif and Shamil Basayev, whom the Russian FSB called the masterminds of most of the terrorist attacks committed in Russia. Chechens would like to settle the score with Patrushev for his murderous campaign.
In March 2003, during an exercise to develop methods of “fighting terrorists in high altitude conditions”, N.P. Patrushev personally led a group of state security officers in climbing the highest mountain in Europe - Elbrus (5642 meters). This demonstrates the heights to which the FSB and Putin will go to practice warfare against democracies? In 2004-2009 he was chairman of the All-Russian Volleyball Federation. In January 2007, two Mi-8 helicopters of the FSB of Russia with N.P. Patrushev and A.N. Chilingarov on board landed at the South Pole in Antarctica, another FSB paid jaunt to keep Patrushev a patriot with an ego for “adventure”.
In February 2006, N.P. Patrushev became the head of the National “Anti-Terrorism” Committee, which colluded with the goat loving Chechen traitors as invited militants operating in Chechnya to enter into negotiations with local or federal authorities. According to the Russian FSB, at the beginning of 2007, about five thousand members of illegal armed groups took advantage of the proposed amnesty, with the leaders paid off handsomely to bring their groups into Putins fold.
In March 2007, he was approved as a member of the Commission on Military-Technical Cooperation of the Russian Federation with Foreign States. In September 2007, he was appointed a member of the newly formed Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the development of physical culture and sports, elite sports, preparation and holding of the XXII Winter Olympic Games and XI Winter Paralympic Games in 2014 in Sochi.
On May 12, 2008, he was relieved of his post and appointed Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In this position, he paid a lot of attention to defending the country's interests in the Arctic and participated in the development of state policy in this region. In addition, he took part in the preparation of a new military doctrine of the state, approved by the President of the Russian Federation in February 2010. On May 12, 2024, he was relieved of his position.”
👉 Footnote on his Agriculture Failure..
Since 2016, Patrushev has been a member of PJSC Gazprom's Board of Directors. Since 2018, he has served as Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Russian Agricultural Bank JSC. This #Rantallion has overseen the demise of agriculture in Russia, with food prices soaring by 34+% in the past year in reality - not the #Putin propaganda number of 0.4%
9/9 End
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12 May 2024:
Per Reuters - Putin says he is moving Patrushev to “another job” - without specifying.
This man has intimate knowledge of the indicted war criminal and his secret wealth, accumulated over decades of stealing from Russia and coercing the criminal underworld - including the $2million drugs haul that disappeared under Putins watch in St Petersburg when Putin was a 3rd rate KGB officer. Shortly thereafter Yeltsin became rich and announced the promotion of Putin.
Patrushev is either going to be given some well paid pension job as a Politburo elder - or he is a dead man walking. It will be a heart attack or some “natural” / Novichok accident - if I was a gambling man.
Georgian MPs approved controversial plans to brand hundreds of NGOs and media outlets as foreign agents on May 14th, 2024, paving the way for the bill to become law despite growing domestic dissent and condemnation from the U.S. and EU.
This is all happening because of a Vatnik Oligarch called Bidzina Ivanishvili, who created and finances the Pro-Russian Georgian Dream Party.
Tens of thousands of Georgians have taken to the streets in recent weeks to protest against the bill, which campaigners have branded the “Russian law” given its similarity to rules used by Moscow to shutter civil society groups and suppress critics. Riot police used tear gas, shields and batons to disperse the crowds who gathered outside parliament
In a vote, parliamentarians supported the proposals brought forward by the governing Georgian Dream party by 84 votes in favor and 30 against, after weeks of contentious debate that saw several brawls break out in the assembly chamber and one senior lawmaker assaulted. Crowds gathered outside the graffiti-daubed parliament building with whistles, vuvuzelas and even hitting pots and pans in a bid to make themselves heard by the lawmakers inside.
Under the new rules, civil society groups receiving more than 20 percent of their income from abroad will be required to register as “organizations serving the interests of a foreign power,” a label that critics fear will be used to silence anti-corruption campaigners and others critical of the government.
European Parliament, MEPs representing the EPP, S&D, Greens and Renew groupings have written to Borrell urging him to prepare “targeted” sanctions against Georgian Dream politicians who pushed the foreign agents law — including Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze — as well as the MPs who voted for it.
Not long ago, any comparison of the Georgian regime’s trajectory with that of Belarus was alien to expert thinking and public imagination. However, the current state of affairs in Georgia is so dire and is deteriorating so fast, that this course of events remains imaginable and rationally possible. All authoritarian regimes were, at some point, unfathomable before their consolidation. The art of authoritarian regime-making lies in realizing what was previously deemed unthinkable.
It is likely that Ivanishvili always held deeply anti-Western views and believed in wild conspiracies hatched in Russian propaganda factories. But he and his party had to camouflage as pro-Western and reluctantly follow the path of Georgia’s European integration – because this was a firm choice of the majority of Georgians.
This is no longer relevant. Ivanishvili and key figures of his party and government (which increasingly became one) communicated a manifest intention to peel off the remnants of a crumbling facade. Ivanishvili’s anti-Western manifesto of April 29 foreshadowed the rapid consolidation of a substantively anti-western authoritarian regime.
That manifesto defined all political opponents and civil society as hostile foreign agents and contained the direct announcement of repressions against them, a clear indication of his use of authoritarian methods to maintain power.
Once the decision is taken to abandon the pretense of requiring popular legitimacy, there is nothing irrational in the choice of mass violent repression as the primary tool to achieve the objective.
1/8 Next 👉
Ivanishvili’s anti-Western manifesto of April 29 foreshadowed the rapid consolidation of a substantively anti-western authoritarian regime.
That manifesto defined all political opponents and civil society as hostile foreign agents and contained the direct announcement of repressions against them, a clear indication of his use of authoritarian methods to maintain power. Once the decision is taken to abandon the pretense of requiring popular legitimacy, there is nothing irrational in the choice of mass violent repression as the primary tool to achieve the objective.
Throughout the last 18 months, representatives of Georgian Dream and the government have increasingly begun to make hostile statements about their Western partners. News organisation OC Media reports that, between February and July 2022, Georgian Dream chair Irakli Kobakhidze made only nine comments critical of Russia but a total of 57 negative remarks about the West and 26 about Ukraine.
Georgian Dream leaders have often presented their criticism of the US and the EU in the last year as warnings against foreign interference in Georgian domestic politics.
Yet the fact that they have done so in ways seemingly designed to offend suggests that they want to push representatives of Western powers to leave Georgia.
It is clear that something has altered in the firmament of Georgia’s governing elite in very recent times. To understand what might have changed, it is important to consider the background and career of Ivanishvili, whose presence has dominated the country’s political scene for a decade.
As one Georgian Dream MP recently confirmed, Ivanishvili is “the key decision-maker in Georgia, especially about sensitive questions such as Russia.” Ivanishvili is not just any oligarch but one of a small group who in 1996 became part of the Semibankirschina. This group of ‘seven bankers’ – which was, in reality, made up of more than seven people, not all of whom were bankers – financed the re-election of Boris Yeltsin as Russian president.
At the time, Yeltsin’s approval rating stood at just 3 per cent, and the Communists looked set to return to power. Ivanishvili’s mission in this group was to finance the electoral campaign of Alexander Lebed, a kind of artificial candidate positioned to split the vote for Communist leader Gennady Zyuganov.
Ivanishvili was born in 1956 in the remote village of Chorvila, near the Russian border. Despite his modest background, he graduated in 1980 from Tbilisi State University’s Faculty of Engineering and Economics.
He would later move to Moscow, where he met Vitaly Malkin – a Russian businessman and politician with whom he would, during perestroika, set up a successful business selling computers and other electronic devices. The fortune they made in this trade allowed them to later enter the lucrative metals and banking sectors.
Ivanishvili and Malkin founded Rossiysky Kredit, a bank that would rapidly grow to become the heart of their business empire. Ivanishvili took a cautious approach to the chaotic Russia of the 1990s, avoiding profitable but politically dangerous sectors such as hydrocarbons.
He set his sights on mineral extraction and processing complexes, which he bought up at low cost to later sell at a huge profit. Ivanishvili progressively diversified his business activities in Russia to areas such as real estate, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture, before transferring some of his wealth abroad.
It is surprising that Ivanishvili was invited to join the Semibankirschina (along with Malkin), given that he was less wealthy and influential than other members, such as Boris Berezovsky, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Mikhail Fridman, Vladimir Gusinsky, Vladimir Potanin, Alexander Smolensky, and Vladimir Vinogradov. But, regardless of why Ivanishvili made the cut, he moved to the centre of Russia’s ruling elite.
2/8 Next 👉
👉 Ivanishvili’s links to Russia:
After making his corrupt fortune in tumultuous post-Soviet Russia, Ivanishvili, 56, returned to Georgia shortly before the peaceful 2003 Rose Revolution catapulted Saakashvili to power. Upon returning to Georgia in 2003, he rebuilt his native hilltop village of Chorvilla into a personal fiefdom, giving fellow villagers generous monthly allowances and equipping each household with a stove.
For years after he quietly financed Saakashvili. But his friendship with Saakashivli soured after the U.S.-educated president cracked down on dissent, imposed controls over the media and led his nation into the 2008 war with Russia.
Saakashvili stripped Ivanishvili of his Georgian citizenship on the grounds he was still French — and Georgia doesn't allow dual nationality. Parliament swiftly passed a law allowing Ivanishvili to run as an EU citizen.
A new report by the Transparency International (TI) Georgia, a local corruption watchdog, said that the ruling Georgian Dream party founder and billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili is the beneficial owner of at least one company in Russia, while his inner circle continues to do business with a U.S.-sanctioned former KGB general.
Ivanishvili owns the firm in question, Aqua-Space Ltd., through his offshore company Vanity Overseas Ltd., TI Georgia said. The Aqua-Space is currently active and operates in the commercial property, buying and selling, as well as renting and managing non-residential buildings, according to the report.
The document noted that Olga Borovikova has served as the General Director of the company. She also serves as the director of Dolgovoe Agentstvo, a legal successor of Unicor, a company founded by Ivanishvili to manage his assets in Russia, the watchdog added.
The study findings said that in 2013 when Ivanishvili served as the Georgian Prime Minister, his Aqua-Space Ltd. took merged with two other Russian companies — Enterprise Service Ltd. and Prestige Market Ltd. Later in 2014, the company also merged with Transforming Group Ltd., another Russian firm.
Besides operating in Russia, the offshore-based Vanity Overseas Ltd. owns Aqua Center Ltd. in Georgia, run by GD founder’s nephew Kakha Kobiashvili, the watchdog noted. As per the report, Kobiashvili officially represents Ivanishvili’s offshore companies in Georgia.
Despite making a promise to dispose of his Russian assets upon entering politics in 2011, the Georgian billionaire remained a beneficial owner of at least 10 companies — branching out into a wider network of subsidiaries — in Russia through offshore firms between 2012 and 2019, per the report.
The report said that until 2015, Ivanishvili held through offshore company Wellminstone S.A., a Russian firm called Industrial TechGlobal Ltd. This company had previously merged with other Russian firms of the offshore holding — with ResourceFutures Ltd., in 2014 and TransFinanceActive Ltd., Securities Market Financial-Analytical Group Ltd., MetProm Holding Ltd., Telecomnetwork ltd.., SpecPromTrans Ltd., and ServiceTechAlliance Ltd. in 2008.
TI Georgia reported that Ivanishvili’s other offshore company Wenigen Management Ltd. also owned multiple firms in Russia during different periods — Firm AVEK Ltd. until 2019, TERS Ltd. until November 2015, KMA-HoldingTrans Ltd. until June 2015, and MK-Holding Ltd. until November 2013.
When Ivanishvili entered Georgian politics in 2011, he presented himself as a patriot who, having made his fortune, could now use his experience in the service of his homeland. He really believes in a regional or even world order, shaped more by Russia than by the West.
In an interview in April 2013, he claimed to have sold his assets in Russia in just a few months at market price. At the time, Ivanishvili strove to put some distance between himself and the Kremlin. This helped him on his way politically, and he became prime minister, serving between October 2012 and November 2013.
If you follow my threads, you will know that I regularly assert that the principle of “bad data in = bad data out”, is the key basis for NOT believing any economic data and information put out through “official channels” in both Russia and China.
After almost every reputable news outfit in the West has parroted GDP and trade figures from both China and Russia, they have failed to question and challenge this information as the basis for economic trends and forecasting.
Putin and Jinping are thugs in charge of brutal and dictatorial regimes, that mislead, misdirect, misinform and they have both weaponised economic data for their own ends, to push out overly optimistic economic messages in their failing regimes - to maks their weaknesses.
Now Forbes has run an analysis piece - saying that China’s official messaging over the past two years on it’s economic performance, does not match up with reality, and is now at odds with other forecasting from the IMF.
The IMF itself is an active distributor of unverified and unreliable economic information, Russia stopped reporting economic data to them back in December 2022. They have since relied on thumb sucking guess on the Russian economy, yet still parrot fabulously optimistic and nonsense claims on the Russian economy.
1/3 Next 👉 Unpicking China’s economic propaganda
China:
The case of economic propaganda painting a picture of GPD growth, when in fact it has seen a decline over the past two years, since it covered up the extent, origins and impact of COVID-19, and since it began supporting Russia in it’s illegal invasion of Ukraine.
China’s economy is showing multiple signs of weakness. Actual growth seems below the official figures; there is substantial deflation; the housing market has yet to stabilize; and the domestic stock markets have fallen significantly. Domestic confidence is flagging, and foreign investment in 2023 was at a three-decade low. Are we witnessing the early days of an emerging full-blown economic crisis, is this just a deeper than unusual cyclical downturn, or are the worries vastly overblown?
According to the dictatorial communist regime led by Xi Jinping, the Chinese economy grew about 5% annually in 2022 and 2023, measured in local currency.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) adjusts for the fact that the renminbi lost 12-14% of its value over that period, and comes up with a different picture. Real GDP actually declined from 2021 to 2023. (Other Western sources, including the World Bank and the Federal Reserve cite similar numbers.)
Western economists tend to focus on the usual economic drivers, the indicators and trends that regularly factor into their models – trade figures (mixed signals), debt loads (high), price trends (deflationary), consumer demand (weak), consumer savings (excessive), industrial capacity (overbuilt), fiscal stimulus (inadequate), monetary policy (incoherent).
Some see a parallel to the long period of economic stagnation that Japan experienced following its economic crisis in the late 1980s. References to the “Japanification” of China have begun to proliferate.
All that may be true. But – there is another factor driving the Chinese downturn, which is not part of the Japanification scenario. It is missing from most economists’ explanations because lies outside the parameters of economic science as such.
The Chinese economy is suffering from the continuing impact of Covid-19.
Chinese public health policies were severe. For almost three years following the outbreak of the pandemic, China pursued a “zero-Covid” policy aimed at “maximum suppression” – which meant aggressive contact tracing, frequent mass testing, border shutdowns, large-scale internal quarantine programs, and ultimately lockdowns of entire cities.
Factories and businesses struggled to maintain operations. Consumption patterns were disrupted as consumers were restricted from many of their normal activities. Supply chains serving Western customers broke down.
What is becoming clear is that the scope of Covid’s impact on the Chinese economy has been much more severe than the official data describe. At first reflexively, then as a matter of proactive design, the Chinese government set out to conceal the reality of the pandemic from its own citizens and from the outside world.
The motive was an instinctive need to defend the Communist Party’s reputation for competency, upon which its practical legitimacy is based. In the end, they deceived themselves as well.
👉 Read George Calhoun’s analysis in the Forbes publication (May 2024), the links are as always, provided in the references tweet below.
2/3 Next 👉 Read my previous threads on Economic disinformation from dictators and indicted war criminals.
My previous threads on dismissing any economic data washed through dictator or war criminal propaganda outlets:
For decades, Cyprus has attracted Russians, Russian Intelligence and corrupt Russian wealth - stolen or embezzled out of Russia by thieves and Oligarchs (…well they are really one and the same).
Now approximately 120 thousand Russians live on the island, both from Russia and from the countries of the former USSR, half of whom have already received Cypriot citizenship.
👉 This is 10% of the country's population - a significant political force capable of significantly influencing the situation in the state. She is also extremely wealthy and often favorably disposed towards the Russian authorities.
This is primarily due to the fact that the “golden passport” program, in effect from 2002 to 2020, allowed hundreds of Putin officials, businessmen and, quite possibly, Russian intelligence agents to enter Europe. In total, about 2,900 Russians received such passports .
In addition, Cyprus was a convenient place to store capital for Russian businessmen, including those close to the Kremlin: in 2018 alone, the outflow of investments from Russia to Cyprus amounted to almost $21 billion.
This opens up opportunities to influence the politics of Cyprus and, as a result, the general policy of EU countries: it was the Cypriot authorities who were the first in Europe - back in 2016 - to talk about lifting sanctions on Russia for the annexation of Crimea and involvement in the war in eastern Ukraine.
This picture is confirmed by a recent investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists into the leak of documents from several Cypriot financial campaigns.
👉 In addition, Cyprus is a popular place of residence for Russian intelligence officers who have gone into business or retired: take, for example, former Prime Minister and ex-head of the SVR Evgeniy Primakov, who spent a lot of time on the island in the last years of his life.
It is not surprising that with such initial data, Cyprus firmly entered the sphere of interests of the Kremlin and became an important springboard for the work of intelligence services against the backdrop of a full-fledged conflict between Russia and Western countries.
While other European countries are expelling Russian diplomats in batches and cutting off contacts with Russia, Cyprus remains on the sidelines. In words, he follows the course of Brussels and bans RT; in fact, any of the more than 120 thousand Russians in Cyprus can watch Russian channels here .
The island state not only has not expelled a single diplomat since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, but also received a new ambassador with security experience - Murat Zyazikov.
In small Cyprus , the Kremlin’s influence is clearly visible. As in other countries, it finds itself under the cover of various pseudo-public organizations under the auspices of Rossotrudnichestvo and other Kremlin departments .
This includes the Russian-language press , which either openly works in partnership with the embassy or is secretly controlled from Moscow, but invariably supports the pro-Kremlin narrative.
At the beginning of 2024, a new party, Elpis, appeared in Cyprus, which immediately set a course for friendship with Moscow. It’s not surprising: one of its founders, Marios Fotiou, not only has ties to Russia - he traveled to Donbass in 2017 with a load of optical sights for local militants together with Vitaly Milonov.
Another attempt to create a pro-Russian party was exposed when it turned out that its leaders openly said at meetings that they coordinated all their steps with the Russian Embassy.
1/10
Next 👉 Diplomatic safe haven for the FSB
After the outbreak of a full-scale war in Ukraine, EU countries expelled hundreds of Russian diplomats, banned Russian propaganda channels, and introduced visa restrictions and sanctions. It may seem that the path to Europe is now closed to Russian intelligence services - but this is not so.
An important outpost of the Kremlin in the European Union remains Cyprus, a state with a reputation as an offshore zone and more than a hundred thousand Russians and immigrants from Russia and the countries of the former USSR.
👉 Not a single diplomat has been expelled from the island, unlike most other EU countries, since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, and in 2022 the Russian embassy was headed by an FSB lieutenant general. The Dossier Center tells how Russian influence works in Cyprus.
In October 2023, Rossiyskaya Gazeta correspondent Alexander Gasyuk was arrested in Cyprus on suspicion of espionage. Gasyuk was caught red-handed while spying on a certain object and was subsequently sent to Russia.
When he was detained, the journalist was not alone - he was covered by an employee of the Russian embassy, Danil Doinikov, who even tried to fight him off from the Cypriot police officers; he was also detained. Gasyuk appeared in Cyprus in the spring of 2022, shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine began, and before Cyprus he worked in the United States and Greece.
It was the American intelligence services that conveyed information to their Cypriot colleagues about the journalist’s undercover work for Russian intelligence.
This deportation is perhaps the only noticeable attempt by the Cypriot authorities to interfere with Russian intelligence services on the island. For example, the current head of the TASS representative office in Cyprus, Andrei Surzhansky, who came here with Gasyuk, is mentioned in the press as an employee of the Foreign Intelligence Service.
While other EU countries were expelling dozens of Russian diplomats for spying, Cyprus, although following the EU foreign policy course regarding war and supporting sanctions, did not interfere with the activities of Russian diplomats and propaganda: the authorities limited RT cable broadcasting, but Russian channels are still available on the Internet.
Not a single Russian diplomat was deported. In total, there are about 300 employees in the Russian embassy and the “Russian House” in little Cyprus, several sources familiar with the activities of the diplomatic mission told the Dossier Center. They note that since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, the number of diplomats has only grown. The number of various antennas on the roof of the embassy and the residential building belonging to it has also increased sharply.
Even the Russian ambassador to Cyprus is a security officer without any diplomatic experience.
In September 2022, the Russian embassy was headed by FSB Lieutenant General Murat Zyazikov. He went into civilian life in 2002, when he changed the post of deputy director of the FSB for the Astrakhan region to deputy plenipotentiary representative of the Russian President in the Southern Federal District, and two months later, in extremely dubious elections, he was elected president of Ingushetia and served in this post until 2008 .
Later, Zyazikov held various government positions - he was an adviser to Dmitry Medvedev when he was president, he joined the embassy in the Central Federal District, but had nothing to do with diplomacy.
Probably, when Zyazikov was appointed, his connections with the security forces were much more important than his diplomatic career, especially in conditions when diplomatic contacts in Europe are kept to a minimum. Already in December 2023, Putin awarded Zyazikov the Order of Honor “For his great contribution to the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation and many years of conscientious work.”
2/10
Next 👉 Russian Embassy in Cyprus, den of corruption
One can draw a conclusion about Zyazikov’s work in Cyprus based on several factors. For the first time in history, the Russian embassy opened a representative office in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, unrecognized by anyone except Turkey.
The second, much more noticeable factor is the flourishing of various cultural and patriotic events under the auspices of the Russian diplomatic mission. While many other EU countries are fighting against such propaganda, Russian diplomats are coming up with more and more unexpected reasons for them.
Traditional Soviet-Russian celebrations like May 9 were supplemented, for example, by an event in honor of the lifting of the Leningrad blockade on January 26. Moreover, on September 30, 2023, a celebration was held in front of the Russia House in Nicosia in honor of the “annexation” of the annexed regions of Ukraine to the Russian Federation.
The grand opening of the Ayia Napa - Gelendzhik view park in November 2023 can be considered an unconditional diplomatic success for Zyazikov and his subordinates: the Cypriot and Krasnodar resorts are linked by twinning.
The event was attended by the mayor of Ayia Napa, Christos Zanettou, and other local officials. This ordinary event for the pre-war situation could hardly be carried out without serious work with Cypriot officials, whose participation in such a celebration was clearly compromised: by May 2022, more than 150 cities around the world had already severed their sister-city relations with Russian cities.
Judging by the rank of guests among Cypriot officials at embassy events, the embassy's recruitment activities have now reoriented from the highest political elite, which due to circumstances have become especially cautious, to local municipal authorities, and the celebration in Ayia Napa may be one example of such recruitment.
Russian Cyprus
The management of the intelligence activities of various Russian departments (FSB, SVR, GRU) is concentrated in the diplomatic missions of the Russian Federation - embassies and consulates. The main work with agents of influence among emigrants is carried out by a special department - Rossotrudnichestvo, which is the successor to the Soviet All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS).
Rossotrudnichestvo has 85 foreign representative offices, and 72 Russian centers of science and culture, the so-called “Russian Houses,” operate in 62 countries. Unlike embassies, “Russian Houses” are open to everyone and are extremely convenient for contacts with agents of influence and the recruitment of new agents during all kinds of cultural events, and among their leaders you can find people with a biography that speaks of a possible connection with the intelligence services.
In many countries (for example, in Germany ) all sorts of pseudo-public organizations are concentrated around Russian embassies and “Russian houses”. They are created on the initiative of Moscow, and their activities are controlled, planned and financed either by Moscow directly or by the embassy and the Russian Houses.
Each such organization works with its own target group, and in general they strive to cover all social, age, ethnic and religious groups of “compatriots” in the country. In little Cyprus, their activities are visible, and they themselves and their members play a much more significant role in the social life of Russian migrants than, for example, in Germany.
3/10
Next 👉 Using Religion to influence society in Cyprus
A detailed thread setting out the new OFAC sanctions published 01 May 2024:
Intro:
U.S. Continues to Degrade Russia’s Military-Industrial Base and Target Third-Country Support with Nearly 300 New Sanctions
Per the FT and OFAC press statements today:
The targets of the sanctions announced on Wednesday include two Chinese groups that provided Moscow with nitrocellulose, an ingredient for gunpowder and rocket propellant, as well as Russian importers of the chemicals.
The Chinese targets include groups that allegedly supplied Russia with drones, weapons and ammunition, in addition to chips, sensors and other military-related technology.
The Treasury placed sanctions on two Chinese groups — Wuhan Global Sensor Technology and Wuhan Tongsheng Technology — that officials recently told reporters were helping Russia. Wuhan Global produced infrared detectors for a Russian manufacturer of military optics.
It also targeted Juhang Aviation, a Shenzhen-based company that produces drone-related equipment, including propellers, signal jammers, sensors and engines.
The US also designated shipping operators that have continued to support the development of Russia’s Arctic LNG 2 project after it was sanctioned last year. Among them is Red Box Energy Services, a Singapore-based company founded by US-born shipping executive Philip Adkins.
The journey of Red Box-operated vessels, the Audax and Pugnax, through the ice-bound Northern Sea Route to deliver equipment to Arctic LNG 2 was documented in a Financial Times investigation in February. Adkins has not been designated by the US. He did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The US Department of State said: “Today’s actions demonstrate the United States’ continued resolve to constrain the Arctic LNG 2 project’s production and export capacity and limit third-party support to the project.” The US has sought other ways to curb cash flows to Vladimir Putin’s regime, including a measure that passed the Senate on Tuesday to ban imports of enriched uranium from Russia.
The White House has indicated it supports the move. The bill will also release $2.7bn in government funding to build domestic uranium processing within the US. Almost a fifth of the nuclear fuel used by the US nuclear reactor fleet is supplied through enrichment contracts with Russian suppliers, which is estimated to be worth about $1bn a year.
The legislation contains temporary waivers until the start of 2028, during which US customers can continue importing Russian uranium if no alternative supplies are available.
1/12
Today, (01 may 2024), the Department of the Treasury is taking action to further degrade Russia’s ability to sustain its war machine, continuing a multilateral campaign to limit the Kremlin’s revenue and access to the materiel it needs to prosecute its illegal war against Ukraine.
Today’s actions target Russia’s military-industrial base and chemical and biological weapons programs as well as companies and individuals in third countries that help Russia acquire key inputs for weapons or defense-related production.
The United States, along with many international partners, is particularly concerned about entities based in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other third countries that provide critical inputs to Russia’s military-industrial base.
This support enables Russia to continue its war against Ukraine and poses a significant threat to international security. The almost 300 targets being sanctioned by both Treasury and the Department of State include sanctions on dozens of actors that have enabled Russia to acquire desperately needed technology and equipment from abroad.
“Treasury has consistently warned that companies will face significant consequences for providing material support for Russia’s war, and the U.S. is imposing them today on almost 300 targets,” said Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen.
“Today’s actions will further disrupt and degrade Russia’s war efforts by going after its military industrial base and the evasion networks that help supply it. Even as we’re throwing sand in the gears of Russia’s war machine, President Biden’s recently-passed National Security Supplemental is providing badly-needed military, economic, and humanitarian support to bolster Ukraine’s courageous resistance. Combined, our support for Ukraine and our relentless targeting of Russia’s military capacity is giving Ukraine a critical leg-up on the battlefield.”
In addition to the nearly 200 targets sanctioned by the Department of the Treasury, the Department of State is imposing sanctions on over 80 entities and individuals that are engaged in sanctions evasion and circumvention or are related to Russia’s chemical and biological weapons programs and defense industrial base.
The Department of State is also targeting Russia’s revenue generation through its future energy, metals, and mining production and sanctioning additional individuals in connection with the death of opposition leader and anticorruption activist Aleksey Navalny. For more information on State actions, see the Department of State Fact Sheet.
The U.S. Department of Justice also filed a forfeiture complaint today against a set of aircraft landing gear for a Boeing 737-800 that was detained in September 2023 at Miami International Airport by U.S. Customs and Border Patrol.
The gear was purchased for $1.55 million for the benefit of a Kyrgyz Republic-based transhipper of dual-use items servicing the Russian Federation, in violation of U.S. sanctions on LLC RM Design and Development, which was designated by OFAC in July 2022.
👉 SANCTIONS EVASION, CIRCUMVENTION, AND BACKFILL
Treasury is committed to disrupting individuals and entities who help facilitate Russia’s acquisition of technology and equipment for its war machine.
Treasury and other U.S. government partners have issued extensive guidance and conducted outreach around the world to educate and inform about the risks of doing business with Russia, and Treasury will continue to take unilateral action when necessary to disrupt Russia’s military-industrial supply chains, no matter where they are located.
Today’s action includes nearly 60 targets located in Azerbaijan, Belgium, the PRC, Russia, Slovakia, Türkiye, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), that enable Russia to acquire desperately-needed technology and equipment from abroad.
2/12
👉 RUSSIA’S MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL BASE
Russia’s military-industrial base relies on a vast ecosystem of entities that enable and support the production, maintenance, transportation, and sustainment of materiel used by Russia’s military. Today’s action takes aim at more than 100 entities operating or that have operated in the technology, defense and related materiel, manufacturing, or transportation sectors of the Russian Federation economy.
For more information on these targets, please see Annex 2.
Foreign financial institutions that conduct or facilitate significant transactions, or provide any service, involving Russia’s military-industrial base—including any person designated pursuant to E.O. 14024 for operating or having operated in the technology, defense and related materiel, construction, aerospace, or manufacturing sectors of the Russian Federation economy—run the risk of being sanctioned by OFAC. Russia’s military-industrial base may also include individuals and entities that support the sale, supply, or transfer of certain items or classes of items.
OFAC has issued Guidance for Foreign Financial Institutions on OFAC Sanctions Authorities Targeting Support to Russia’s Military-Industrial Base.
👉 RUSSIA’S ACQUISITION OF EXPLOSIVES PRECURSORS
Russia relies on external suppliers for cotton cellulose and its highly flammable byproduct, nitrocellulose, which are key explosives precursors that Russia needs to keep producing gunpowder, rocket propellants, and other explosives.
Today’s action targets major Russian importers of cotton cellulose, nitrocellulose, and key inputs to nitrocellulose such as cotton pulp, as well as two PRC-based suppliers sending these substances to Russia.
👉 RUSSIA’S CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS PROGRAM PROCUREMENT
Treasury is also targeting three Russia-based entities and two individuals involved in procuring items for military institutes involved in Russia’s chemical and biological weapons programs. In coordination, the Department of State is separately designating three Russian government entities associated with Russia’s chemical and biological weapons programs and four Russian companies contributing to such entities.
These actions are being taken concurrent with the Department of State’s imposition of Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (the CBW Act) sanctions on Russia over its use of the chemical weapon chloropicrin against Ukrainian troops.
👉 EXPANSION OF RUSSIA’S NATURAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE
Guided by commitments made in February by President Biden and G7 leaders to take steps to limit Russia’s future energy revenues and impede Russia’s development of future energy projects, today Treasury is targeting two Russia-based entities involved in natural gas-related construction projects, Neftegazstroy and Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Vnipigazdobycha.
These entities were designated pursuant to E.O. 14024 for operating or having operated in the construction sector of the Russian Federation economy.
Russian Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Procurement Network
Tulun International Holding Limited (Tulun International) is a Hong Kong-based procurement intermediary that represented itself as the end-user of, but ultimately resold, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) boards that were installed in Russian one-way attack unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) used by Russian military forces to attack Ukrainian targets, and shortly thereafter recovered in October and November 2023.
GPS navigation interference is being weaponised globally.
This thread offers information about GPS and other systems that are being interfered with and or spoofed to provide misleading tracking information.
Instances of GPS interference is becoming a regular occurrence - threatening navigation of ships and aircraft. On March 29, 2024 - it was reported that GPS jamming attack affects 1600 aircraft over Europe. A 63-hour-long marathon of GPS jamming attacks disrupted global satellite navigation systems for hundreds of aircraft flying through the Baltic region – and Russia is thought to be responsible. This is a problem that needs amplifying and action from the G7 coalition, before a catastrophe occurs!
Smex provides some insight on the background of GPS interference.
How GPS works, different types of interference, and how they could be detected.
👉 What is GPS?
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the most crucial systems in our modern infrastructure. Almost every piece of technology around us uses GPS, from cash machines and smartwatches to phones, cars, and aircraft.
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that helps determine the precise geographic location of devices (and those using them) anywhere on the planet. It is owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. This technology is considered essential for aerial and maritime transport.
👉 How it works:
Many GPS satellites are orbiting the Earth, with 30 currently active. These satellites continuously broadcast signals containing information about their current location. Smartphones and navigation systems have GPS receivers that pick up signals from multiple GPS satellites. The GPS receiver calculates the distance to each satellite based on the time it takes for signals to reach devices.
The receiver can determine its own 2D location (latitude and longitude) by calculating the distance from at least three satellites. Adding a fourth satellite allows for a 3D location based on altitude calculation. These are the minimum requirements to accurately determine a GPS receiver’s position on Earth.
However, accuracy can be improved by connecting to more satellites. The more satellites the receiver can connect to, the better it can pinpoint its location. GPS and satellite constellations are designed so that at least four satellites are usually in view and can be accessed by the receiver from any point on Earth.
The signals used by GPS infrastructure are very weak at ground level, and they can be easily overpowered by unwanted transmissions. This kind of interference may happen by accident or due to a malfunction leading to signal conflict with other GPS transmissions. To prevent these interferences, governments around the world cooperate under the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Founded in 1865, it regulates communication mediums, from the telegraph to the modern world of satellites, mobile phones, and the internet.
However, interferences can also be intentional, aimed at damaging or preventing communication. They are most commonly used in government buildings housing sensitive state-related data or areas with additional security. Interferences are also used in war and sabotage efforts led by another state.
1/5 Next 👉 GPS Interference
👉 GPS interference:
GPS jamming and spoofing are two ways for disrupting or deceiving GPS signals. This is achieved by sending out the same radio frequency signals used by GPS satellites but at a much higher power. This overpowers the weaker GPS signals, leading to their blocking or jamming.
“Imagine trying to have a conversation in an overcrowded room where everyone is shouting loudly, making it impossible to hear another person,” explained the Tech Unit at SMEX. In warfare, jamming GPS signals can prevent enemy forces from accurately navigating using GPS-guided systems such as missiles, drones, or vehicles.”
Alternatively, GPS spoofing is a more complex technique that generates fake GPS signals to trick receivers into thinking they are at a different location or trajectory. “It’s like giving someone false road signs to mislead them about their route,” added the team. “In combat, GPS spoofing is used to misdirect enemy soldiers or assets by convincing them that they are in a different place, driving them off course or into a trap.”
Both tactics can be used strategically to gain an advantage over the enemy by interfering with their ability to travel effectively or misdirecting them about their location or intended path. It’s worth mentioning that jamming and spoofing GPS signals are practices normally deemed illegal.
👉 Relentless use of GPS spoofing and jamming:
Gpsjam is a website created by John Wiseman that maps out GPS interferences around the world with regional updates on a daily basis. The website uses data provided by ADS-B Exchange to generate maps showing GPS interference based on navigational system accuracy from aircraft reporting.
According to the website, many aircraft broadcast digital radio messages (ADS-B) that contain information about their GPS accuracy. ADS-B Exchange is a network composed of signal enthusiasts who make it possible to map out real-time data that recorded low GPS accuracy.
While these reports do not say why GPS accuracy is low, they correlate well with the areas where jamming or spoofing occurs. Even though South Lebanon does not consistently show low GPS accuracy, further website data analysis suggests that Beirut constantly shows the highest concentration of GPS inaccuracies, endangering navigation systems in close proximity.
2/5 Next 👉 How to detect the source of interference
👉 How to detect the source of interference:
Detecting interference can be challenging because GPS signals can be blocked by objects or walls inside buildings. If signal reception is lost from a device that usually works well, signal interference is likely. GPS satellites are too reliable for multiple receivers to lose reception simultaneously. Critical infrastructures are equipped with systems that rely on GPS services to monitor signal availability and sound the alarm during signal disruption. Multiple systems losing GPS signals simultaneously indicates that there may be GPS signal interference.
According to the EU Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), jamming and spoofing incidents have increasingly threatened the integrity of location services across Eastern Europe and the Middle East in recent years. In Europe, Russia was accused of being the source of many of these incidents, including GPS jamming reported by Bulgarian pilots in the Black Sea region last year and by aircraft using routes in Poland or the Baltic area, with similar incidents reported by Romania as war broke out in Ukraine.
GPS spoofing was also reported in the WANA region, originating from unknown transmitters around the Iran-Iraq border and the Lebanese-Israeli one detected by the United States Maritime Administration.
GPS spoofing in Lebanon was also reported by organizations tracking its airspace. OPSGROUP and OLBB FIR (Lebanon’s flight information service) reported several cases of critical navigation failures on aircraft that departed from Tel Aviv and were led to fly toward Lebanon.
According to the EASA’s acting executive director, Luc Tytgat, the rise in these attacks makes air travel less safe. He emphasized the need to improve equipment and aircraft systems to ensure resistance to spoofing and jamming cases.
Shipping reports of GPS interference:
👉 Reports are often made to the Navigation Center of the United States Coast Guard (U.S. Department of Homeland Security). See the references for the link.
An example of a shipping report made on April 18, 2024:
“CALLER REPORTED A POSSIBLE CYBER SECURITY ATTACK ON THE VESSEL APL EAGLE AT THE INCIDENT LOCATION. THE CALLER STATED THEY EXPERIENCED AN ERRATIC TRACK LINE ON THE VESSELS CHART DISPLAY, THAT SEEMED TO TRY AND TAKE THE VESSEL OFF OF THEIR COURSE. THIS INTERFERENCE TOOK PLACE FOR A FEW MINUTES, AND THEN WENT BACK TO NORMAL. THIS VESSEL EXPERIENCED THIS A FEW MONTHS AGO WHILE IN THE SAME AREA. THE VESSEL IS A US FLAGGED SHIP WHO'S PORT OF REGISTRY IS WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. THE VESSEL HAS NEVER BEEN TO THE UNITED STATES, AND OPERATES IN JEBEL ALI, DUBAI. THE U.S. COAST GUARD ACTIVITIES EUROPE DOES THERE INSPECTIONS. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE WAS USED AS THE INCIDENT LOCATION, BUT THE INCIDENT ACTUALLY OCCURED AT THE COORDINATES PROVIDED IN THE PERSIAN GULF.
NAVCEN RESPONSE: The GPS Operations Center reviewed the GPS Constellation and Control Segment, there are no known anomalies that might affect GPS signal integrity at the time and vicinity of the reported problem. Space weather was reviewed and found unlikely to have impacted GPS performance. There were no authorized GPS tests in the area. No correlating reports from inter-agency partners. No additional information.”
Lithuania is buying Russian Grain, possibly stolen from Ukraine.
It is becoming increasingly clear that large quantities of Russian grain are entering the EU through both Latvia and Lithuania. It is likely that some of this grain has been seized from Ukrainian territory occupied by Russia.
Therefore, if this transit of grain through the EU under control, it will bolster Russia’s economy and its war against Ukraine. The quality of this grain is not being checked, and its possible mixing with Lithuanian grain – known for its high quality – will damage the reputation of Lithuanian grain producers.
In addition, the aforementioned entry of Russian grain onto the market has likely caused a significant drop in Lithuanian grain prices, while grain elevators are still full. At the end of 2023, the price of triticale was about 46%, rye about 37% and wheat about 33% lower than in 2022. In other words, grain prices in Lithuania have fallen by a third.
Lithuania has resumed grain purchases from Russia after a break of six months. In February, 12,2 thousand tons worth 1,95 million euros were imported. At the same time, Riga increased imports, which at the end of winter bought 58,8 thousand tons of grain from Moscow for 10 million euros compared to 52,6 thousand tons for 8,7 million euros a month earlier. In general, EU countries purchased 92,6 thousand tons of Russian grain worth 16,9 million euros in February. At the same time, in March Latvia banned the import of these Russian products, and the EU published a proposal to introduce protective duties on them.
Background:
Since 18 March, Lithuania has implemented stricter controls on grain imported into the country from Russia, other states’ regions under Russian occupation, and Belarus. At least three dry cargo ships were captured on video by Russian propaganda while loading grain in Mariupol. Journalists have identified several grain trading companies mentioned in documents related to the loading of grain onto these ships.
Latvia, which had previously stated the need to boycott Russian goods, has also increased supplies from the Russian Federation, thereby supporting Poland’s initiative to ban the import of agricultural products from the Russian Federation and Belarus.
It was previously reported that Russian components that are equipped with Lithuanian gas pipelines must be replaced. Relevant requirement Ministry of Energy of Lithuania directed to the contractor Alvora. The document proposes measures to replace components in the shortest possible time.
The main argument of the Lithuanian Ministry of Energy in this dispute is the fact that Alvora did not provide the relevant documents for the parts, and they turned out to be manufactured in the Russian Federation.
1/3 Next 👉 The EU is dithering over penalty tariffs while Europeans fund the war with Russian imports.
The EU is mulling over tariffs on Russian and Belarusian imports.
The European Union is proposing to increase tariffs on imports of various food products from Russia and Belarus in order, as European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen put it, to “mitigate the growing risk to our markets and our farmers” and “reduce Russia’s capacity to exploit the EU for the benefit of its war machine”.
A duty of either 50% or €95/t (£81/t) could be introduced, which is forecast to result in 5m tonnes less grain being imported by the EU from Russia and Belarus each year. By comparison, the UK has a 35% tariff on imported Russian grains, which has been in place since 1 June 2022.
The proposal, announced by the European commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, follows a plea to EU leaders by the Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, to do something about grain “stolen” by the Russians from occupied territories.
She said: “We propose the imposition of tariffs on these Russian imports to mitigate the growing risk to our markets and our farmers. They will reduce Russia’s capacity to exploit the EU for the benefit of its war machine.”
The measure is intended principally to head off a potential illegal dumping of grain as the Kremlin seeks to weaponise as much as it can in its war against Ukraine. The increased duties will apply to imports of cereals, oilseeds and related products from Russia and Belarus. But they are designed to allow unhindered passage through EU countries.
As an EU press release put it: “Importantly, the proposed tariffs will … not affect global food security, particularly for developing countries. On the contrary, they are expected to create an incentive for Russia to export to non-EU destination markets, including developing countries.”
Globally, Russia’s abundant provision of grains has done what an excess supply of a product tends to do, according to basic economic theory: crash prices. Reuters reported recently that prices of US and European wheat have “dropped to their lowest in about 3.5 years, weighed down by Russian grain flows which have prompted China to cancel recent purchases from the United States”.
2/3 Next 👉 Farmers Protests - the connection
Farmers’ protests: why the EU wants to increase tariffs on Russian imports but won’t impose sanctions
Why tariffs and not sanctions?
Importantly, sanctions may not be universally supported. Despite Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, many countries continue normal trade relations with the Russian Federation, including the likes of Brazil, South Africa and India – not insignificant players in global trade terms.
Secondly, World Trade Organization (WTO) rules – including on agricultural products under article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture – prohibit outright bans and restrictions, so sanctions may be seen as illegal. The only items that still face bans and restrictions are those items that might threaten health, environmental protection or national security interests under the WTO’s General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994.
The first two exceptions obviously do not apply, and Russia’s export of foodstuffs through EU supply chains cannot be claimed as detrimental to national security interests.
And finally, sanctions may not be even unanimous within the EU. According to the Financial Times, the EU’s trade commissioner, Valdis Dombrovskis, is “likely to opt for tariffs rather than sanctions since it would not require unanimous approval from capitals, as is the case with sanctions”.
In contrast, tariffs are less politically controversial. The GATT agreement allows for “duties, taxes or other charges” on imports that can be applied, among other reasons, to enforce government measures to “remove a temporary surplus”. On this basis, the EU has decided to introduce restrictions with a view to reducing the access of Russian grain to its internal market.
The surplus of Ukrainian grain in the EU market, enabled by the lifting of EU trade restrictions on Ukraine at the start of the war, that lies at the heart of farmers’ protests across Europe, and EU officials’ concerns.
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