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Roland Baker Profile picture
@RolandBakerIII
May 16 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
(1/n) Risk assessment of a highly pathogenic H5N1 2.3.4.4b influenza virus from mink: H5N1 isolate derived from mink transmits by direct contact to 75% of exposed ferrets and, in airborne transmission studies, the virus transmits to 37.5% of contacts.
nature.com/articles/s4146…
The H5N1 virus also has a low infectious dose and remains virulent at low doses. This isolate carries the adaptive mutation, PB2 T271A, and reversing this mutation reduces mortality and airborne transmission.
Interestingly this is the same T271 residue outlined in this paper from earlier today (see attached image "a":

Image
This is the first report of a H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus exhibiting direct contact and airborne transmissibility in ferrets.

!!!
These data indicate heightened pandemic potential of the panzootic H5N1 viruses and emphasize the need for continued efforts to control outbreaks and monitor viral evolution.

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More from @RolandBakerIII

Roland Baker Profile picture
May 16
Influenza A H5N1 Puzzle. What do you think?

Left: Influenza A in waste water as of 5/4/2024

Right: Large slaughterhouses and meat processing plants that discharge directly to waterways
Image
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@LongDesertTrain But then I found the original source is in the EPA document on pages 3-3 & 3-4 (PDF pages 51 & 52) And they make mention of various datasets which I'm trying to track down.
epa.gov/system/files/d…
Read 10 tweets
Roland Baker Profile picture
May 16
(1/n) Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in the urban environment in New York City positive:

* Red-tailed hawk 1/81
* Canada goose 3/222
* Peregrine falcon 1/12
* Chicken 1/302
* Total 6+ out of 1798 sampled

Next Symptoms =>

H/T @bollyweed
Image
Red tailed hawk
* Neurologic symptoms
* loss of leg function
* torticollis
* glottis wide open.
Canada goose 1
* Oculi uterque
* eyes cloudy and occluded
* head tremors, ataxia
* unable to stand.
Read 6 tweets
Roland Baker Profile picture
May 13
(1/n) Marked endotheliotropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 following intestinal inoculation in cats:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22090101/
Image
* Spread of HPAIV H5N1 from the lumen of the intestine to other organs took place via the blood and lymphatic vascular systems but not via neuronal transmission
* Massive infection of endothelial and lymphendothelial cells
Read 15 tweets
Roland Baker Profile picture
Feb 22
/1 MRI reveals blood–brain barrier disruption of the temporal lobes and frontal lobes with enhanced BBB permeability unique to Long COVID cases with brain fog caused by sustained systemic inflammation. H/T @StevenMathern
nature.com/articles/s4159…

Image
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/2 BBB disruption in the temporal lobes was associated with anosmia. BBB disfunction & sustained systemic inflammation was associated with increased astrocytic protein S100β, IL-6, bFGF and IL-13.
/3 Patients with long COVID had elevated levels of IL-8, GFAP and TGFβ, with TGFβ specifically increased in the cohort with brain fog.
Read 7 tweets
Roland Baker Profile picture
Jan 30
Nature: Differential peripheral immune signatures elicited by vegan versus ketogenic diets in humans: 2 weeks of a a ketogenic diet was associated with a significant upregulation of pathways and enrichment in cells associated with the adaptive immune system. In contrast, a vegan diet had a significant impact on the innate immune system, including upregulation of pathways associated with antiviral immunity. Both diets significantly and differentially impacted the microbiome and host-associated amino acid metabolism, with a strong downregulation of most microbial pathways following ketogenic diet compared with baseline and vegan diet. Despite the diversity of participants, we also observed a tightly connected network between datasets driven by compounds associated with amino acids, lipids and the immune system.
nature.com/articles/s4159…
These findings are aligned with the previously reported role of ketogenic diet in increasing γδ T cell responses in mice.
On the other hand, we observed a previously unreported upregulation of innate immunity following vegan diet. Our findings also highlight a significant upregulation of erythropoiesis and heme metabolism following vegan diet.
Read 9 tweets
Roland Baker Profile picture
Jan 22
(1/3) Three immunizations with Novavax’s protein vaccines increase antibody breadth and provide durable protection from SARS-CoV-2: Two long threads on this paper linked below (H/T @StevenMathern)
nature.com/articles/s4154…
(2/3) Link to thread 1 of 2
(3/3) Link to thread 2 of 2
Read 7 tweets

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