Emmanuel Profile picture
May 20 โ€ข 6 tweets โ€ข 3 min read โ€ข Read on X
๐—” ๐—ฃ๐—”๐—ก๐——๐—˜๐— ๐—œ๐—– ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—›๐—˜๐—ง๐—˜๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—š๐—˜๐—ก๐—˜๐—ข๐—จ๐—ฆ !

Different groups or areas may experience different levels of infection rates, mortality rates, transmission dynamics, and health outcomes. nature.com/articles/s4146โ€ฆ
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2) This heterogeneity refers to the variation or diversity in the impact, spread, and severity of the disease across different populations, regions, or individuals. It is influenced by various factors such as population demographics, healthcare infrastructure ... Image
3) ...socioeconomic conditions, access to healthcare, public health measures, and individual behaviors.
Pandemics involve complex interactions between biological, social, economic, and environmental factors.
Let's avoid excessive simplifications ! Image
4) This new study analyzed excess mortality in 569 regions across 25 European nations during COVID-19 pandemic years 2020-2021. Highest excess deaths in 2020 occurred in northern Italy, Spain, Poland while 2021 saw East-West gradient with Slovakia, Hungary, Latvia hardest hit. Image
5) Only 7 regions had gains in 2020, 4 in 2021, vs losses in 362 regions in 2020 and 440 in 2021. 82 regions had over 20 years life lost per 1000 people in 2021, up from just 8 in 2020. Spatial analysis revealed shifting geographical patterns over the two years of the crisis. Image
6) Thanks for reading ๐Ÿ™
The world is not white or black but with a multitude of shades of gray ! Image

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More from @ejustin46

May 21
๐™๐™ค๐™ค ๐™ˆ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐˜ฟ๐™š๐™–๐™ฉ๐™๐™จ, ๐™๐™ค๐™ค ๐™ˆ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐™‡๐™š๐™›๐™ฉ ๐˜ฝ๐™š๐™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐Ÿคฌ

ajpmfocus.org/article/S2773-โ€ฆ
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2) ๐˜๐˜๐˜Ž๐˜๐˜“๐˜๐˜Ž๐˜๐˜›๐˜š :
- ๐˜Š๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด ๐˜ง๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜‹๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ด๐˜ฆ ๐˜Š๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜—๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ (๐˜พ๐˜ฟ๐˜พ) ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฎ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด ๐™™๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™ฃ๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™–๐™ฎ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ž๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™–๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™–๐™š๐™ง๐™ค๐™จ๐™ค๐™ก ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™–๐™ฃ๐™จ๐™ข๐™ž๐™จ๐™จ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ง๐™ž๐™จ๐™  ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜Š๐˜–๐˜๐˜๐˜‹-19. Image
3) ๐˜Š๐˜–๐˜๐˜๐˜‹-19 ๐˜ธ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ 3๐™ง๐™™ ๐™ก๐™š๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ช๐™จ๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™™๐™š๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ 2020โ€“2021 ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ 4๐™ฉ๐™ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ 2022.
- ๐˜Š๐˜‹๐˜Š ๐˜จ๐˜ถ๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ ๐™–๐™ก๐™ž๐™œ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ข๐™š๐™ง๐™˜๐™ž๐™–๐™ก ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง๐™š๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™ค๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง ๐™จ๐™˜๐™ž๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™›๐™ž๐™˜ ๐™š๐™ซ๐™ž๐™™๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š Image
Read 5 tweets
May 21
๐—Ÿ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜ ๐—”๐——๐—ฉ๐—”๐—ก๐—–๐—˜๐— ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ง๐—ฆ ๐—ถ๐—ป
๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ-2 ๐—”๐—œ๐—ฅ๐—•๐—ข๐—ฅ๐—ก๐—˜ ๐——๐—˜๐—ง๐—˜๐—–๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—ช๐—˜๐—”๐—ฅ๐—”๐—•๐—Ÿ๐—˜ ๐——๐—˜๐—ฉ๐—œ๐—–๐—˜๐—ฆ ๐Ÿ‘

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adโ€ฆ
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2) Wearable sensors that detect exposure to airborne viruses could help combat pandemics by informing individuals of infection risks. However, integrating technologies for airborne viral particle collection, nucleic acid extraction, sensing, and ... Image
3) ...reporting into a single wearable presents challenges. Recent studies have used facemask sensors to detect viruses in exhaled breath but not environmental exposure. Image
Read 5 tweets
May 21
๐™Ž๐˜ผ๐™๐™Ž-๐˜พ๐™Š๐™‘-2.
๐˜ผ๐˜พ๐™๐™„๐™‰ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™๐™„๐™‡๐™Š๐™‹๐™Š๐˜ฟ๐™„๐˜ผ ๐™‡๐™„๐™†๐™€-๐™๐™€๐™‰๐™๐˜ผ๐˜พ๐™‡๐™€๐™Ž ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™„๐™‰๐™‘๐˜ผ๐˜ฟ๐™€ ๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ง ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ
(๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜จ๐˜ข-๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ๐Ÿงต)

Actin is a protein that forms filaments, and filopodia are thin, finger-like protrusions that extend from cells. Image
2) They can be compared to tentacles because they are flexible, dynamic, and can extend and retract to explore or interact with other cells or surfaces. Just like tentacles, actin and filopodia play important roles in cell movement, facilitating cell-cell communication. Image
Read 7 tweets
May 21
๐™‹๐™ง๐™ค๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™š๐™™ ๐™Ž๐˜ผ๐™๐™Ž-๐˜พ๐™ค๐™‘-2 ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™›๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™ž๐™ข๐™ข๐™ช๐™ฃ๐™ค๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข๐™ž๐™จ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฅ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™ก๐™š๐™–๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™–๐™˜๐™˜๐™ช๐™ข๐™ช๐™ก๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ข๐™ช๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™š๐™ข๐™š๐™ง๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™™๐™ž๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™ซ๐™ž๐™ง๐™ช๐™จ ๐™ซ๐™–๐™ง๐™ž๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™จ

biorxiv.org/content/10.110โ€ฆ
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2) Researchers analyzed virus isolates from the respiratory tracts of two cancer patients with persistent infections lasting over 140 days.
In one patient, viruses isolated later showed smaller plaqes and grew worse at normal body temperature compared to the original virus Image
3) However, another late virus had stronger cell-cell fusion ability and escaped antibodies present in convalescent patient plasma samples, indicating it could potentially reinfect others.
Some mutations found in these persistent infections later appeared in global variants .. Image
Read 6 tweets
May 21
๐—ข๐—ฝ๐˜๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐˜๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฑ๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ฎ ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ด๐—ต๐—น๐˜† ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฝ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฒ๐˜…๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐——-19

medrxiv.org/content/10.110โ€ฆ
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2) This study presents an individual-based model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and clinical outcomes in a population over time. It incorporates vaccination roll-out, immune responses to infection/vaccination, and variant emergence/properties. Image
3) The model was applied to investigate impacts of waning vaccine immunity and Omicron emergence in Australia in early 2022, given high vaccine uptake but low prior infection.
For a Delta resurgence, accelerating booster eligibility from 6 to 3 months post-primary vaccination .. Image
Read 8 tweets
May 21
๐—ฌ๐—ฒ๐˜€, ๐—”๐—œ๐—ฅ ๐—–๐—›๐—”๐—ก๐—š๐—˜ ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—›๐—ข๐—จ๐—ฅ (๐—”๐—–๐—›) ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—˜๐—ซ๐—ฃ๐—ข๐—ฆ๐—จ๐—ฅ๐—˜ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—”๐—œ๐—ฅ๐—•๐—ข๐—ฅ๐—ก๐—˜ ๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ-2

Thanks to @DavidJoffe64
for this study

This review analyzes data from 93 field studies that ... tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10โ€ฆ
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2) ...sampled the air and surfaces in hospitals and homes for the presence of SARS-CoV-2.
The studies were conducted between 2020 and 2022 around the world.
Results show that residences had higher virus concentrations and more frequently detected the virus compared to hospitals. Image
3) Factors like air changes per hour (ACH), which represents ventilation, likely contribute to this difference. Hospitals are required to meet minimum ACH standards, while most buildings do not. Image
Read 6 tweets

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