Emmanuel Profile picture
May 21 โ€ข 6 tweets โ€ข 2 min read โ€ข Read on X
๐—ฌ๐—ฒ๐˜€, ๐—”๐—œ๐—ฅ ๐—–๐—›๐—”๐—ก๐—š๐—˜ ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—›๐—ข๐—จ๐—ฅ (๐—”๐—–๐—›) ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—˜๐—ซ๐—ฃ๐—ข๐—ฆ๐—จ๐—ฅ๐—˜ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—”๐—œ๐—ฅ๐—•๐—ข๐—ฅ๐—ก๐—˜ ๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ-2

Thanks to @DavidJoffe64
for this study

This review analyzes data from 93 field studies that ... tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10โ€ฆ
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2) ...sampled the air and surfaces in hospitals and homes for the presence of SARS-CoV-2.
The studies were conducted between 2020 and 2022 around the world.
Results show that residences had higher virus concentrations and more frequently detected the virus compared to hospitals. Image
3) Factors like air changes per hour (ACH), which represents ventilation, likely contribute to this difference. Hospitals are required to meet minimum ACH standards, while most buildings do not. Image
4) Within settings, primary rooms where patients spent most time had higher concentrations than secondary rooms visited less. However, virus detection was similarly likely in residential primary rooms. In hospitals, secondary areas like corridors less commonly tested positive. Image
5) When grouped by ACH, virus concentrations and detection rates generally decreased as ACH increased from 0-12 changes per hour, Above 12, the trends were less clear possibly due to limited data. Image
6) In conclusion, this analysis of diverse field studies provides evidence that increased ventilation through higher ACH can help reduce potential exposure to airborne SARS-CoV-2.

Thanks for reading ๐Ÿ™
FYI
@FLAHAULT @C_A_G0101

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More from @ejustin46

May 22
๐˜ผ๐™ซ๐™ž๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ข๐™ค๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ฎ ๐™–๐™จ๐™จ๐™ค๐™˜๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™จ๐™ช๐™ฅ๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™š๐™ข๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ก ๐™›๐™š๐™š๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™œ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ช๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง๐™–๐™œ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™—๐™š๐™๐™–๐™ซ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ !

With increasing urbanization comes habitat destruction and alteration, resulting in the loss ... Image
2) ...of natural nesting and foraging habitats for wildlife, including birds (Evans et al. 2009).
In fact, supplementary feeding can increase the risk of pathogen transmission or malnutrition (Galbraith et al. 2016).
tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10โ€ฆ
Image
3) Ground foragers birds engaged in ground scratching/probing behaviors have higher potential for virus exposure through nasal/oral mucosa compared to aerial feeders.
Crowded ground feeding areas (e.g. around supplemental feeders) could increase contact rates between birds... Image
Read 10 tweets
May 22
๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ, ๐—ฅ๐—ก๐—” ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜ ๐—น๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฅ๐—ก๐—”๐˜€ ?

(๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ต ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ญ๐˜บ ๐˜ข ๐˜ญ๐˜ข๐˜บ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ, ๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐Ÿคทโ€โ™‚๏ธ)
cell.com/iscience/fulltโ€ฆ
Image
2) RNA Editing :
It refers to the phenomenon where the viral RNA undergoes modifications or changes after it infects human cells.

It involves the insertion, deletion, or substitution of nucleotides in the RNA sequence, leading to changes in the corresponding protein sequence. Image
3) Host IncRNAS :
It refers to long non-coding RNA molecules that are produced by the host (human) in response to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

These IncRNAS play a role in the host's immune response and can potentially influence the course of infection. Image
Read 9 tweets
May 22
๐—”๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐˜† ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ด๐—ฒ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐˜๐˜† ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜„๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐—ผ๐˜„๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐——-19 ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ฎ 1-๐˜†๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜

nature.com/articles/s4159โ€ฆ
Image
2) In this longitudinal study in Bangladesh of 452 adults researchers found that S-antibody levels after COVID vaccination declined by 50% at 4 months and continued dropping unless boosted. mRNA vaccines generated highest antibodies and 5 months protection ... Image
3) ...while AstraZeneca provided longest, up to 9 months. Prior infection between doses boosted antibodies and protection. Third dose or infection re-stimulated antibody increase. Lower antibodies preceded infections. Image
Read 4 tweets
May 22
๐™๐™ฃ๐™ก๐™š๐™–๐™จ๐™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™–๐™ก ๐™ค๐™› ๐™‰๐˜ผ๐™Ž๐˜ผ๐™‡ ๐™Ž๐™‹๐™๐˜ผ๐™” ๐™‘๐˜ผ๐˜พ๐˜พ๐™„๐™‰๐™€๐™Ž ๐™–๐™œ๐™–๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™จ๐™ฉ ๐˜พ๐™Š๐™‘๐™„๐˜ฟ-19

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ctโ€ฆ
Image
2) The nasal cavity plays an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, as the virus first infects nasal epithelial cells upon exposure. Current intramuscular vaccines are limited in inducing mucosal immunity in the nasal cavity. This allows the virus to potentially spread down .. Image
3) ...the respiratory tract before antibodies are produced. This review discusses the structure and defensive barriers of the nasal cavity, as well as the invasion mechanisms utilized by SARS-CoV-2. Image
Read 5 tweets
May 22
๐— ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฎ-๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜ ๐—œ๐—ก๐—™๐—Ÿ๐—จ๐—˜๐—ก๐—ญ๐—” ๐—ฉ๐—”๐—–๐—–๐—œ๐—ก๐—”๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—–๐—ข๐—ฉ๐—œ๐——-19 ๐—œ๐—ก๐—™๐—˜๐—–๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—ฆ๐—ž ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐——๐—œ๐—ฆ๐—˜๐—”๐—ฆ๐—˜ ๐—ฆ๐—˜๐—ฉ๐—˜๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—ง๐—ฌ

ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-โ€ฆ
Image
2) This systematic review including 14 prospective studies found no significant association between influenza vaccination and reduced risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, or death. Image
3) Meta-analysis showed influenza vaccination was not protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection (SRR 0.95, 95%CI 0.81-1.11) or hospitalization/mortality due to COVID-19 (hospitalization: SRR 0.90, 95%CI 0.68-1.19; mortality: SRR 0.83, 95%CI 0.56-1.23). Image
Read 4 tweets
May 22
๐™‹๐™ƒ๐™”๐™‡๐™Š๐™‚๐™€๐™Š๐™‚๐™๐˜ผ๐™‹๐™ƒ๐™” ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™˜๐™ง๐™ช๐™˜๐™ž๐™–๐™ก !

๐—˜๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ด๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฆ๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ฆ-๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฉ-2 ๐—ซ๐—•๐—•.1.5 ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ก๐—ฒ๐˜„ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ธ

academic.oup.com/ve/advance-artโ€ฆ
Image
2) In this study, emergence and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 variant in New York City was investigated. XBB.1.5 likely emerged in NYC based on one dominant lineage circulating since September 2022. Its prevalence increased similarly in boosted and unvaccinated individuals
3) ...with no evidence of immune pressure. Phylodynamic analysis of 2,397 XBB.1.5 genomes showed it initially spread as one lineage then diversified.
Read 4 tweets

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