🧵In one of the worst cases of exploitation in history, brothers George and Willie Muse were kidnapped from their family's tobacco farm and forced to become circus freaks. (cont)
came to their hometown in Roanoke, VA. After a long court battle, Harriet Muse regained custody of her children. In 1928, the Muse brothers made a comeback to the circus world, initially under their own conditions and better pay. They sent money to their mother (cont)
until her passing in 1942. The sale of the family farm gave them the means to move into a house in Roanoke, where they lived out the rest of their days. George Muse passed away in 1972 due to heart failure, while Willie passed away in 2001 at 108 (cont)
years old. I knew of Black people being placed on display in human zoos; but I was unaware of the Muse Brothers and their mother's struggle to reunite with them. You can read their story in "Truevine" written by Beth Macy.
🧵Georgia Ann Robinson was not only the first Black LAPD officer, she was one of the first Black policewomen to be hired in the U.S. Her career began in 1916 when she joined (cont)
the LAPD as a volunteer jail matron. In 1919, she was appointed as an officer. Her assignments included working with juveniles and homicide cases. In her duties while interacting with Black women, she found the need for a women's shelter in Los (cont)
Robinson would go on to establish The Sojourner Truth Home for destitute women & girls. Unfortunately, her law enforcement career was short lived. While breaking up a fight between two female inmates, she suffered a severe head injury that left her permenently blind. (cont)
🧵Chain gangs was a post-slavery system that replaced convict leasing. Not only it exploited Black labor; the conditions Black people were subjected to were way worse than you (cont)
could imagine. As many as 200,000 Black people were forced into back-breaking labor in coal mines, turpentine factories and lumber camps. They lived in squalid conditions, chained, starved, beaten, flogged and sexually violated. They died by the thousands from injury, (cont)
disease and torture. Often, prisoners on the chain gang weren’t afforded the luxury of a decent night’s sleep. They weren’t even allowed to sleep unchained, on the ground. In several camps, prisoners who were working on site for an extended period of time were placed in (cont)
🧵So you're White and live in the suburbs. The racial make up of your neighborhood reflects your own. Did you grow up there; or, did you move there voluntarily? If the latter, why?(cont)
Before you answer that, let's be clear on one thing: America has a history of racial segregation that existed since it's birth. Post slavery, segregation was a way of life. The Black Codes and Jim Crow made sure of that. We no longer live under those conditions, but let's (cont)
talk about your 'all' or mostly White neighborhood, and how it got that way. First, there was the Great Migration, which my grandparents and parents were a part of. An estimated 6 million Black people who lived in the south moved to large cities (cont)
always a "workaround". In the 1908 Act to Create of System of Parole codified the gendered logic of slavery into an incarceration framework designed to replace the convict leasing system. The state of Georgia forced paroled Black women to do (cont)
domestic labor for white families under threat of reimprisonment. Black female prisoners were part of chain gangs, and did the same grueling work that men did. White female prisoners convicted of the same crimes were given preferential treatment.
🧵Puerto Rico has been a US commonwealth since 1898. I would be remiss not to mention that the island had a history of slavery that lasted longer than slavery in America. (cont)
In 1493, on his second voyage for the Spanish Empire, Christopher Columbus invaded the Caribbean island. Puerto Rico fell to colonial rule following a war against the Taínos, the island’s indigenous population. Spain also participated in the slave trade, using enslaved (cont)
Africans to work the land.
The first Africans in Puerto Rico arrived in the early 1500s; taken mostly from West Africa. Spain had relied on slavery for four centuries to power gold mining and then the sugar and tobacco industries in Puerto Rico. (cont)
animals. The practice of forced breeding in the antebellum south began around 1808, which was when the import of slaves from Africa and the West Indies came to an end. Young Black girls as young as 13 were often paired up with young boys or even (cont)
grown men were paired up to have sexual relations for breeding purposes.
Slave masters expected those 13 year old girls to have at least five children or more by the age of 20. Black males were often rented out as "breeders". Charles McGruder, an (cont)