Our team at @BloombergNEF published our 10th annual Electric Vehicle Outlook today!
A quick thread on some key findings:
@BloombergNEF 1. EV sales are headed for another record year. Despite the headlines to the contrary, global EV sales continue to grow and are set to rise about 20% this year. combustion vehicle sales peaked in 2017 and have no real route back to that peak.
@BloombergNEF Still, sales growth is much slower than past years and some markets have stalled. That’s been expected by BNEF for some time, but is also a significant threat to climate targets governments have put in place. There’s no room for complacency.
3. Electrification of commercial vehicles is a bright spot, with just under a million sales expected this year. Other areas like two/three wheelers and buses have already achieved high levels of EV adoption.
4. Battery prices in China are plummeting. year-to-date cell prices for LFP cells in China are $53/kWh. Overcapacity and low raw material prices are a factor, but processes and technology are also still improving.
We’re nowhere near the end of how good this technology can get.
5. Lithium-iron-phosphate is taking over the battery market. It is set to cross 50% of the passenger EV market in the next 2 years, dramatically reducing the need for nickel, manganese and cobalt in the years ahead.
6. EVs are being driven more than combustion cars. This varies by market, with the US a major outlier. High mileage drivers are switching to electric because of lower costs. It’s kilometers not individual cars that matter for oil demand and emissions.
7. The plug-in hybrid revival is real, but the impacts are uncertain. Ranges are rising, and the current wave of PHEVs are aimed at real consumers, not just regulatory compliance. Still, lots of variation on how much they’re used in electric mode.
8. Hydrogen fuel cell car sales: down and out. Sales are falling for two years now. The market is now concentrated in South Korea due to very generous incentives.
More Ferraris were sold than fuel cell cars last year.
Let’s stop talking about this.
If you want to talk about a gas in cars, CNG vehicles are taking off in India. Half a million of them were sold there last year, compared to 9,000 global fuel cell vehicle sales.
9. Oil demand peak for road transport is just three years away. Watch China, it’s hitting there soon.
That’s it for now!
BNEF clients can find the full report here:
Exec summary available publicly here: ~
A huge thank you to the many BNEF analysts who worked on the outlook this year. Thanks in particular to @agrant49 and Aleksandra O'Donovan, @siyi_mi, @RyanAFisher @CoreyBCantor @maynieyang @kdampofo @YayoiSekine @AndyLeachBatt @EvelinaStoikou and many more!
Finally, I know there are many groups that think this will all go faster and that 100% of car sales will be electric by 2030.
That’s great, go out and create the change you want to see. There’s still room to move the needle on all of this.
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What's going on with electric and fuel cell heavy trucks?
A short thread:
Sales are picking up quickly, but it's still early days. They are currently about 2% of total heavy truck sales, but in China it's already 6% and Norway they've hit 10%.
Fully electric drivetrains are winning the race so far in the heavy truck segment, with fuel cell vehicles capturing only a small share of the market.
Lithium-ion battery demand patterns and applications are changing quickly.
A short thread.
EVs are the largest source of demand for batteries, but stationary energy storage is catching up quickly.
BNEF expects stationary storage battery demand to rise 61% this year in capacity terms.
Globally, energy storage will account for around 13% of total li-ion battery demand this year, up from 6% in 2020
Putting this another way, the ratio of EV battery demand to stationary battery demand has fallen from 15-to-1 to 6-to-1 in the last 4 years.
In short, they’re plummeting, and the implications are just starting to ripple out across the automotive and power sectors.
A short thread:
Prices for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells in in China fell 51% over the last year and now sit at $54/kWh. The average global price for these cells last year was $95/kWh.
Drivers: Falling raw material prices.
Cathode share of total cost of a battery cell have fallen from over 50% at the beginning of 2023 to below 30% today.
What’s going on with plug-in hybrids?
The technology is enjoying something of a revival, this time led out of China.
A short thread:
Why?
Simply put, the latest versions of the technology are aimed at real consumers, not just regulatory compliance.
Average PHEV electric range hit 80km in 2023 and this year will be higher again.
There’s also a technology twist.
Just under a third of plug-in hybrid sales in China last year were what’s called extended-range electric vehicles, similar to the original Chevy Volt. These had an average range of 127 kilometers last year
Lots of headlines written about how EV demand is faltering. Is it?
Global EV sales are on pace for a record year. Heading for around 14 million sold, up 36%.
For now, this looks much more like a winnowing down of who is competitive in the market than a general drop-off in demand.
Pure-play EV automakers are running away with it. They now account for 7% of global vehicle sales.
Are EVs just a rich world phenomenon?
No, they're growing fast in emerging economies like India, Thailand and Indonesia.
EV models in the $10,000 range mean more growth ahead.
EVs have benefitted significantly from policy support, and would not be where they are without it.
But in most cases that support has been as technology neutral as possible. Fuel cell vehicles were eligible for all the same support, sometimes more. And yet, here's the result:
It's worth digging into just how extreme the incentives are now for fuel cell vehicles. In California buyers are eligible for the state subsidy (up to $7,500), national tax credit (up to $7,500), plus up to $30,000 in manufacturer cash back, and a $15,000 fuel card.