Thread by @DrGrimaldesJ

MicroRNA in central nervous system disorders
miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of:

-Excitotoxicity
Ischemic stroke < ⬆️miR-223 in hippocampus > ⬇️NMDAR subunit 2B and glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) > ⬇️Ca++ influx >⬇️ excitotoxicityejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…

-Apoptosis
⬇️miR-24, MiR-497, miR-15a/16-1, miR-181a and miR-106b-5p or ⬆️miR-210 and miR-124 <⬆️ antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-w, Bcl-2, Bcl- xl) <⬇️ the size of the infarct in the ischemic brain 

⬇️miR-124 >⬇️apoptosis inducing proteins of the p53 family >⬇️infarct size

⬆️miR-23a, miR-21, miR-27a and miR-23b >⬇️proapoptotic proteins (Puma, Bax, Noxa, cleaved caspase-3) in traumatic brain injuries

⬆️miR-21, miR-20a, miR-494 and ⬇️miR-29b > activates the AKT/mTOR signaling and ⬇️PTEN expression >⬇️apoptosis in spinal cord injury spinal

-ROS
⬇️miR-182,miR-93 and ⬆️miR-424,miR-99a,miR-23a-3p >⬇️ROS in ischemic brain

⬆️miR-29A-3P >⬇️production of 3-NT and NO and ⬆️SODMn >⬇️ROS

⬇️miR-93 <⬆️Nrf2 and HO-1 >⬇️ infarct size
⬇️miR-486 <⬆️NeuroD6,GSH peroxidase 3 and thioredoxin 1 > ⬇️ROS in spinal cord injury

-Inflammation
⬇️miR-15a/16-1 or ⬆️miR-122 and miR-22 >⬇️TNF-a, IL-6, COX-2, VCAM-1 and iNOS in ischemic brain

⬆️MiR-27a, miR-124, miR-199b, miR-133b and miR-497 >⬇️ NF-kB/IL-1b and spinal cord injury

-Neurogenesis
⬆️miR-17-92 in subventricular zone < enhanced neurogenesis and promoted neural stem cell proliferation after acute ischemic stroke
⬇️miR-20a <⬆️miR-20a target gene neurogenin 1 <⬆️ neurogenesis and improved survival of motor neurons after spinal cord injury

-Angiogenesis
⬆️miR-107 <⬆️VEGF165/164 <⬆️ number of capillaries in shadow > ⬇️infarct size in ischemic brain
⬆️miR-21 <⬆️angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Tie-2 (Ang-1 receptor) and VEGF < improves traumatic brain injury
⬆️miR-210 and mir-223 < improved angiogenesis in spinal cord injury

-Protection of the blood-brain barrier/blood-brain barrier (BBB/BSCB)
⬇️miR-150 <⬆️claudin-5 and stabilization of TJ protein ZO-1,191 < alleviated BBB disruption after ischemic stroke
⬇️mir-130 and miR-320 <⬆️ aquaporins < eliminate cerebral edema
⬆️miR-320a >⬇️AQP1 < alters BBB

-Alzheimer disease
beta-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism < modulation of β-secretase activity < BACE1 < APP splicing < neurofibrillary tangles < neuroinflammation < ROS < apoptosis

-Parkinson's disease
α-synuclein < HSc70 < chaperone-mediated autophagy < LAMP2A (lysosome) <
α-synuclein aggregation < mitochondrial dysfunction < ROS < neurodegeneration

-Ischemic stroke
Excitotoxicity < inflammation < apoptosis

-Epilepsy

-Multiple sclerosis
-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

-Therapeutics based on microRNAs in different neurological disorders

@DrLBoominathan @UnrollHelper