2) The researchers studied this cow flu virus in mice and ferrets, which are common animal models used to understand flu viruses. They found that the cow flu virus can make these animals very sick, and it is able to spread throughout their bodies, including to the eyes ...
3) ... mammary glands, and muscles.
Importantly, the researchers also found that this cow flu virus is able to bind to both the bird-like and human-like receptors that flu viruses use to infect cells. Previous bird flu viruses could only bind to the bird-like receptors.
4) This ability to bind to human-like receptors means the cow flu virus may be able to more easily infect and spread between people, compared to past bird flu viruses. The virus also showed some ability to spread between ferrets through the air, though not as efficiently ...
5) ...as a normal human flu virus.
Overall, these findings suggest this new cow flu virus has acquired concerning features that could make it more likely to cause a human flu pandemic, compared to previous bird flu viruses.
6) The researchers emphasize the need for further close study, especially of any human cases that may arise from the current cow outbreak.
Thanks for reading 🙏
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
Unlocking the Secrets: A Comprehensive Megathread on Key Virus Subtypes of Human and Avian Influenza !"🧵
First, a quick overview of the different subtypes:
HUMAN INFLUENZA
H1N1 : The 2009 pandemic strain, which continues to circulate
...
2) H3N2: Strain spreading fast actually and causing significant morbidity
H6N1: Notable for potential human impact.
AVIAN INFLUENZA :
H5N1: High pathogenicity, zoonotic concerns.
H3N8: Emerging strain of interest.
H7N9: Associated with human infections, sporadic outbreaks.
3) H5N8: Emerging strain with health implications.
H5N6: Recent cases in birds and humans.
H7N7: Impact on poultry and occasional human cases.
H9N2: Common in birds, history of human infections.
There's a French saying, "It’s no use being right if you’re the only one who believes it." Regarding H3N2, which is spreading rapidly, we've sounded the alarm multiple times. However, perhaps discussing it too early is of little value 😏
I have always been wary of this virus, perhaps because it belongs to the coronavirus family. Despite its significance, it rarely makes headlines. Over the past three years, there have been 2,658 reported cases, resulting in 958 deaths ...
2) ...figures that only reflect confirmed cases.
So why should we remain cautious about MERS? This megathread aims to provide some answers. ecdc.europa.eu/en/publication…
"Understanding Viral Evolution: The Shift and Drift Dynamics of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2"
(2nd part)
Antigenic drift and shift are key concepts in virology, particularly for influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
2) Drift refers to small genetic mutations over time, while shift involves major changes, often through reassortment.
For instance, seasonal flu viruses undergo drift, leading to new strains each year. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits drift but ...
3) ...infrequently undergoes shift, making it relatively stable compared to influenza.
Recent research highlights that shift for coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV-2, can occur through recombination with other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV.
"NEW FLU VIRUS MUTATION could see WORST SEASON in a DECADE"
Insights for understanding SARS-COV-2 (1st part) 🤔
Thanks to @mryoung151
for the article bbc.com/news/articles/…
2) Let's start with an overview of this article.
A newly mutated H3N2 influenza virus strain has emerged unexpectedly during summer, raising concerns about a potentially severe flu season, possibly the worst in a decade.
3) This strain's mutations, linked to an antigenic shift, enable it to evade existing immunity and increase its spread, with an estimated R of 1.4. Though the current flu vaccine may offer limited protection, health officials emphasize the importance of antiviral treatments and..
But WHO ARE ALL THESE DEAD PEOPLE that NO ONE is TALK ABOUT?
Imagine if every day in Europe, three or four planes carrying 180 passengers each were to crash, leaving no survivors, and yet no one talked about it. This troubling silence isn't just a European phenomenon;
2) it extends to many countries around the globe.
Looking back at the period from 2015 to 2019, the European community recorded about 5 million deaths each year—a figure that, while varying slightly depending on the sources, remained relatively stable.
3) However, during the three major pandemic waves from 2020 to 2023, the death toll surged, indicating a significant excess mortality (the difference between reported deaths and expected deaths).