It's important to first of all define the terms. Tuaregs are a large semi-nomad Berber group that adopted Islam in the 7th century. They adhere mostly to Sunni Maliki Madhhab, which explains their visits to Morocco to pay homage to Saints. They are present in Niger, Mali, Libya, Algeria, Mauritania, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso. Those in Mali speak Arabic and a Berber dialect, Tamashek.
They have historically controlled the caravan roads that stretch from North Africa to Central Africa.
Their clothes and veils are among their most noticeable characteristics. The women hardly ever cover themselves (until recently -- recently meaning last two centuries or so) the men wear blue veils so that just their faces or eyes are seen. They also typically base their social structures on tribal allegiances and heritage and have stringent customary laws.
The Azawad people, which are the ones who ambushed Wagner, are also Tuaregs, but are based in Northern Mali.
They are not ISIS, they are not Al-Qaeda, they are not JNIM, and they do not want to have a Sahel/Maghreb caliphate. It is a common misconception as to what their goals are.
They claim territories from Niger, and Southern Algeria, and most importantly, want to form an independent state.
Funny thing here is that the pattern regarding their warfare tactics remained intact as the Tuaregs are known for "surprise attacks."
Tuareg separatists in Northern Mali have started different rebellions since the 1990s, and even prior, given that the formation of the modern Malian state following French colonial retreat did not allow them to gain in representation, they did not agree on the constitution, and ethnic violence complicated their overall integration.
Through their organized movement, National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) , in 2012, they have rebelled once again and claimed their independence in the North.
The problem was that Ansar Dine and AQMI, which are terrorist groups, wanted to seize the opportunity to absorb Azawad and create a caliphate. Which, in fact, did not happen. That being said, it is likely that they benefited from their weapons.
My point is very simple:
The people who killed Wagner group mercenaries, are Tuaregs, but most importantly, they’re Azawad people, they have their own demands and their own interests that should not be confused with other groups. For the sake of any reasonable discussion,..
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Nothing about Operation Epic Fury occurred within a thousand miles of Tokyo. Yet no capital in the world stands to gain more from the wreckage of Khamenei’s regime than the one sitting across the East China Sea from Shanghai.
Japan is China's principal strategic rival in the Western Pacific: the two compete for military dominance in the East and South China Seas, for economic influence across Southeast Asia, for secure energy supply chains, and for the allegiance of every mid-sized Pacific power now deciding whether its future runs through Washington or Beijing.
The gains Operation Epic Fury delivered to Tokyo are structural and extend across every dimension of that rivalry.
Iran is the world's most sophisticated laboratory for circumventing Western financial enforcement, and the networks it built had dual-use value for Beijing's own contingency planning in a Taiwan scenario where China itself could face comprehensive sanctions. The operational knowledge embedded in those networks is now degrading in real time. For Japanese defense planners, who have long worried that Western economic leverage over China might prove insufficient in a Taiwan crisis, the destruction of Beijing's most advanced sanctions-evasion rehearsal space is a strategic gain of the first order.
The Five Nations Railway connecting China to Iran through Central Asia depended on political stability that no longer exists. Every month that corridor remains inoperable is another month the Malacca Strait retains its strategic centrality, and another month Japan's geographic position astride the Western Pacific sea lanes appreciates in value. zinebriboua.com/p/japan-is-the…
The Iran Question Is All About China
Why Operation Epic Fury Is the Opening Act of the Indo-Pacific Century
The Iran question was never about Iran. Remove the Islamic Republic from the equation and China loses its pawns for a Taiwan contingency. Leave it in place and the Middle East remains what Beijing designed it to be: a second front that Washington can never afford to leave and can never afford to stay in. Trump's strikes are the first move by an American president who appears to understand that the road to the Pacific runs through Tehran.
Every dollar the United States spends defending Red Sea shipping lanes is a dollar unavailable for submarine production, Pacific basing, or Taiwan contingency planning. Every carrier group stationed in the Gulf of Aden is a carrier group absent from the Western Pacific. Iran’s proxies, armed with Iranian weapons and supported by Iranian intelligence, function as a mechanism of American strategic attrition, and the costs fall entirely on Washington while Beijing accumulates strategic gains.
Iran's threat pushes Gulf states to diversify their partnerships, and this very diversification increases Chinese leverage. And the more leverage China holds over Gulf capitals, the less likely those capitals are to side with Washington on the questions Beijing cares about most: Taiwan, semiconductor export controls, sanctions enforcement, and the future of the dollar-based financial order.
From the 1960s onward, Third-Worldist movements increasingly framed their politics through anti-Zionism, portraying Israel as the last fortress of Western imperialism and Palestinian resistance as the moral center of a global struggle. Mamdani draws directly from this legacy.
Zohran Mamdani found his audience at a moment when that voice had returned to prominence. The aftermath of October 7 and the surge of anti-Zionist activism on university campuses created the perfect moral terrain for his message.
If reports are confirmed that Israel has struck Fordow, Iran’s most heavily fortified underground uranium enrichment facility, here is why I think it’s a massive development 🧵
1/ Striking Fordow means Israel is going straight for the heart of Iran’s nuclear program, likely with deep-penetration munitions or advanced drone warfare. Fordow is buried deep in a mountain near Qom and designed specifically to withstand U.S. or Israeli airstrikes.
2/ To strike Fordow, Israel needed real-time intelligence, likely months of infiltration, and precision weapons designed for hardened targets. If this strike was successful, it shows that Israel has penetrated the most secure levels of Iran’s military and nuclear defenses.
It also reveals that Israel does not need U.S. forces on the ground to carry out highly technical and deeply risky operations.
3/ For years Iran believed that sites like Fordow were immune to attack. This belief formed the foundation of its nuclear bargaining power (especially under Obama)
Israel has now shattered that illusion by proving that reinforced bunkers and diplomatic ambiguity offer no real protection.
When command structures can no longer distinguish between internal loyalty and external manipulation, decision-making slows, risk tolerance narrows, and factionalism grows.
For the first time in decades, China is showing signs of panic: the Yuan is falling, likely due to capital outflows and pressure from U.S. tariffs, and Chinese companies are facing growing financial stress. A rare breakdown in the CCP’s tightly controlled planning machinery.
Because when the CCP goes to Africa, the Middle East, and beyond, their message is always the same:
"We’ve got everything under control, we’re the future, and the U.S. dollar is the past."