1/ Every day, a professional investor asks me how bitcoin can have value when it doesn't produce cash flows. Here is what I say...
2/ Bitcoin offers a service: The ability to store wealth securely in a digital format without relying on a bank, company, or a government.
3/ You can think of this like any other service. For instance, Salesforce provides a service: The ability to track customer relationships and sales activities in a database.
4/ The difference is, you pay a fee to Salesforce -- a company -- to access its service. Bitcoin is not a company, so there is no one to pay a fee to. The only way to access the service bitcoin offers is to buy bitcoin. If you do that, you get the service.
5/ With this framing, valuation questions drop away. If more people want Salesforce's service, the value of Salesforce goes up; if fewer people want its service, the value of Salesforce goes down; and if zero people want its service, the value of Salesforce is zero.
6/ The same thing is true of Bitcoin: If more people want Bitcoin's service, the value of Bitcoin goes up; if fewer people want its service, the value of Bitcoin goes down; if zero people want its service, the value of Bitcoin goes to zero.
7/ Fortunately, the number of people who want bitcoin's service is rising quickly. As a result, BTC is up ~9,700% in the past 10 years, and imo heading higher.
8/ The mechanism by which value accrues is different, and it has to be. After all, the core service Bitcoin offers is that you do not have to rely on any centralized entity to store your wealth. By definition, that means there is no centralized entity that can collect fees.
9/ But the end result is the same: More demand, more value; less demand, less value; no demand, no value. It's really not that different after all.
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1/ Ethereum ETPs will attract $15 billion in net flows in their first 18 months on the market.
A thread on how I get to this estimate.
2/ A starting point for estimating flows is the relative size of BTC and ETH. Absent other information, I’d expect investors to allocate to BTC and ETH ETPs roughly in-line with their market caps:
* BTC: $1,266 billion (74% of the market)
* ETH: $432 billion (26% of the market)
3/ U.S. investors have $56 billion invested in spot Bitcoin ETPs. I suspect this will reach $100 billion by the end of 2025, as these ETFs mature and are approved on platforms like Morgan Stanley. By this logic, spot Ethereum ETPs will need $35 billion in AUM to reach parity.
Takeaway #1: Countries that have limited access to the broader global economy are big users of bitcoin on a relative basis.
The paper notes: “The magnitudes of the estimated Bitcoin cross-border flows are sizeable with respect to several countries’ GDP, especially in those which experience relatively small capital flows.”
This finding is repeated throughout the paper. It makes sense: People in countries facing either capital controls or limited access to the global economy are using bitcoin as a release valve.
People have called bitcoin a tool for economic freedom. The data in this paper provides a proof point that it's being used exactly for that.
Takeaway #2: The US is an extreme outlier in its low adoption of bitcoin vs. traditional capital flows. Our perspective, therefore, does not reflect everyone’s reality.
As proof, the paper includes a great chart comparing cross-border bitcoin flows vs. flows into traditional investment products by GDP. (Note: The chart labels traditional flows “EPFR” because it gathers the data from EPFR Global.) You can see that the US has the most extreme reading in its dominance by traditional funds. On the other end of the spectrum are countries like Venezuela and Ukraine.
1/ Everyone wants to know if the bitcoin halving is priced in or not. IMO you can overthink this — of course cutting new supply in half is good for price. But if you need to delve into economic theory and the Efficient Markets Hypothesis on this, here goes.
2/ The Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) says that the current price of bitcoin reflects all known information about the asset. The halving is well known, so today’s price reflects the fact that it will occur. I think this is broadly true.
3/ What the EMH folks leave out, however, is that the market doesn’t know everything about the future. For instance, current prices only reflect the market’s best guess of future demand for bitcoin.
1/ Skeptics like @andrewrsorkin wonder if speculation or utility is driving the price of bitcoin. The answer is both, and that’s just how it should be given bitcoin's stage of development.
A thread on speculation and bitcoin's growing real-world utility.
2/ I want you to imagine bitcoin in two settings. First, imagine it’s 2009 and bitcoin has just launched. Its creators talk about it one day being a store of value and medium of exchange. But right now, it’s neither.
3/ The asset has very little value (less than $1 million), there are no public exchanges, it regularly rises or falls 50% per day, and it is hard and costly to exchange it for fiat. There is no easy way to store it and nowhere to spend it. Its future looks bleak.
1/ Lots of discussion out there about the early start of alts season, and some surprise that it’s happening given bitcoin is "only" up a few hundred percent from the lows.
Some thoughts.
2/ IMO the primary driver of alt season is a classic "wealth effect." Crypto natives make money in bitcoin, feel rich, and then look for more speculative assets to invest in.
3/ This happens in the traditional fiat economy as well, where people make money in large-caps and then start investing in small caps, VC, etc. They also make more trips to Vegas. Market rotation and wealth effects are a tale as old as time.
1/ Lots of excitement and media coverage today around the ETH futures ETF launch. But so far, very little coverage of Ethereum (ETH) itself.
I think ETH is one of the most compelling investor opportunities in the world today, for five reasons.
Reason 1: Ethereum is targeting the largest investment opportunity in crypto; bigger, even, than bitcoin (and I love bitcoin).
Ethereum is a new global computing platform that could rewire how the entire financial industry and much of the creative world works.
Reason 2: Ethereum's value is driven by cash flows. This is different from most other crypto assets.
The more people who use the Ethereum network the more revenue the blockchain generates. This revenue benefits ETH holders through the crypto equivalent of buybacks & dividends.