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Daniel Haqiqatjou

@Haqiqatjou

Jan 14

MEGA THREAD: The Kharijism of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (MIAW) and How Some of His Follower Do Taqiyya to Hide His Views from the Public, While Avoiding Debate

MIAW is on record as saying he discovered the meaning of Tawhid, and that no one understood it before him.

He considered all the Muslims around him to be kafir mushriks.

MIAW and his followers then began to spread his new ideas about tawhid by teaching books on tawhid and aqida written by MIAW (this process continues to this day).

Based on his new ideas about Tawhid, MIAW made mass takfir of Muslims, declared them to be kafir mushriks, and claimed he had an obligation to fight them, kill them, take their wealth, and take their women in jihad.

He also denied these Muslims any type of al-udhr bi-l-jahl (excuse of ignorance).

In holding these views, MIAW promoted a type of doctrine similar to kharijism.

This is why virtually all the scholars of his time called him a khariji deviant at war with Ahl al-Sunna.

Nevertheless, MIAW and his followers developed a practice of intentionally concealing their beliefs with a type of taqiyya.

They would sometimes tell outsiders that they did not takfir Muslims and gave them al-udhr bi-l-jahl. This continues on to this day.

Owing to their lies and taqiyya, some scholars (like al-San`ani) initially praised them, but then later denounced them once they discovered their reality.

In order to avoid being discovered, MIAW's followers also developed a practice of avoiding public debates (which continues on to this day).

Here is exhaustive evidence for these points.

NOTE: I am not saying all the current supporters of MIAW are deliberately hiding MIAW's true beliefs. Most of them are just unaware of all of MIAW's writing and his life story because there has been a massive propaganda effort to conceal the true history and beliefs of MIAW by the Saudi state over many decades.

But some of MIAW's followers do know his true beliefs and they secretly do takfir the vast majority of the Ummah for not having "correct" aqida. These followers are the ones doing taqiyya.

FIRST PART: THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT MIAW MADE MASS TAKFIR

Here are four clear examples but there are many others:

Declaring that the those who live in the Ottoman lands are kafir mushrikin, MIAW says:

"Do not neglect seeking and learning about Tawhid, using the Book of Allah, and reflecting deeply upon it. You have heard in the Book of Allah what provides lessons, such as their saying: "We are monotheists; we know that Allah is the One who gives benefit and harm, and that the prophets and others have no power to bring benefit or harm. But we only seek intercession." And you have heard how Allah has clarified the response to this in His Book, as well as what the scholars of tafsir and knowledge have said.

"You have also heard the polytheists say: "Shirk is the worship of idols, but not the worship of the righteous." And you have heard their claim: "We seek only from Allah, but we use their status [as intermediaries]." You have also heard what Allah has mentioned in response to all of this.

"Allah has blessed you with the acknowledgment of the scholars of the polytheists [i.e., scholars of the apparent Muslims] regarding all of this. You have heard their admission that the practices taking place in the Two Holy Sanctuaries [Makka and Madina], Basra, Iraq, and Yemen are acts of shirk [i.e., associating] with [Allah]. They have admitted to you that the religion whose people they support -- and who they claim are the great majority – they have admitted to you that their religion [i.e., that of apparent Muslims] is [in fact] shirk.

"They have also admitted to you that the Tawhid they strive to extinguish, and strive to kill and imprison its adherents, is the religion of Allah and His Messenger. This admission from them against themselves is one of the greatest signs of Allah and one of His greatest blessings upon you. No doubt remains with this, except for a dead heart upon which Allah has placed a seal. And for such a heart, there is no way out."

فلا تغفلوا عن طلب التوحيد وتعلمه، واستعمال كتاب الله وإجالة الفكر فيه; وقد سمعتم من كتاب الله ما فيه عبرة، مثل قولهم: نحن موحدون، نعلم أن الله هو النافع الضار، وأن الأنبياء وغيرهم لا يملكون نفعا ولا ضرا، لكن نريد الشفاعة، وسمعتم ما بين الله في كتابه، في جواب هذا، وما ذكر أهل التفسير وأهل العلم، وسمعتم قول المشركين: الشرك عبادة الأصنام، وأما الصالحون فلا، وسمعتم قولهم: لا نريد إلا من الله، لكن نريد بجاههم; وسمعتم ما ذكر الله في جواب هذا كله.

وقد منّ الله عليكم بإقرار علماء المشركين بهذا كله، سمعتم إقرارهم أن هذا الذي يفعل في الحرمين، والبصرة، والعراق، واليمن، أن هذا شرك بالله، فأقروا لكم أن هذا الدين الذي ينصرون أهله، ويزعمون أنهم

السواد الأعظم، أقروا لكم أن دينهم هو الشرك.

وأقروا لكم أيضا أن التوحيد الذي يسعون في إطفائه، وفي قتل أهله وحبسهم، أنه دين الله ورسوله؛ وهذا الإقرار منهم على أنفسهم، من أعظم آيات الله، ومن أعظم نعم الله عليكم، ولا يبقى شبهة مع هذا إلا للقلب الميت، الذي طبع الله عليه، وذلك لا حيلة فيه.

Al-Durar al-Saniyya (vol.10, p.7)

Declaring that Ottoman empire and Makka are kafir muskriks, MIAW says:

"The second matter is disbelief in what they worship other than Allah. And the meaning of that is takfir of the musrikin. So whoever does not make takfir upon the mushrikin of the turkish state [i.e. the Ottoman Muslims] and the grave-worshippers like the people of Makkah and [upon] others from those who worship the righteous and left the Tawhid of Allah for shirk and exchanged the Sunna of his Messenger with innovations, then he is a disbeliever like them even if dislikes their religion und hates them and loves Islam and its people.'

"This is so because the one who does not takfir the mushrikin does not accept the Quran as true. The Quran has made takfir of the musrikin, and commanded [us] to make takfir of them, and to show enmity towards them and to fight them."

الأمر الثاني: الكفر بما يعبد من دون الله، والمراد بذلك تكفير المشركين، والبراءة منهم، ومما يعبدون مع الله. فمن لم يكفر المشركين من الدولة التركية، وعباد القبور، كأهل مكة وغيرهم، ممن عبد الصالحين، وعدل عن توحيد الله إلى الشرك، وبدّل سنّة رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالبدع، فهو كافر مثلهم، وإن كان يكره دينهم، ويبغضهم، ويحب الإسلام والمسلمين ; فإن الذي لا يكفر المشركين، غير مصدق بالقرآن، فإن القرآن قد كفر المشركين، وأمر بتكفيرهم، وعداوتهم وقتالهم.

Al-Durar al-Saniyya (vol.9, p.291)

Declaring that the vast majority of Syrian Muslims are kafir mushriks who worship Ibn Arabi, MIAW says:

"And their leader is Ibn Arabi. Do they think that [the Syrians] do not say “There is no god but Allah?” But he came from Syria, [where] they worship Ibn Arabi, placing an idol on his grave that they worship. I do not mean all the people of Syria -far be it from me to claim that! Rather, there will always remain a group upon the truth, even if they are few and become strangers."

وإمامهم: ابن عربي، أيظنهم لا يقولون: لا إله إلا الله؟! لكن هو أتى من الشام، وهم يعبدون ابن عربي، جاعلين على قبره صنما يعبدونه، ولست أعني أهل الشام كلهم، حاشا وكلا; بل لا تزال طائفة على الحق، وإن قلّت، واغتربت.

Al-Durar al-Saniyya (vol.2, p.245)

MIAW claims that the majority of the Najd and Hijaz do not know Islam and deny the resurrection, implying they are kafirs. MIAW says:

"It is known regarding the people of our land [i.e. Najd] and the land of al-Hijaz, that those who reject the resurrection are more than those who believe in it, and those who do not know the religion are more than those who know it, and those who do not pray are more than those who pray, and those who refuse to pay zakat are more than those who pay it."

ومعلوم: أن أهل أرضنا، وأرض الحجاز، الذي ينكر البعث منهم أكثر ممن يقر به، والذي يعرف الدين أقل ممن لا يعرفه، والذي يضيع الصلاة أكثر من الذي يحافظ عليها، والذي يمنع الزكاة أكثر ممن يؤديها؛ فإن

Al-Durar al-Saniyya (vol.10, p.43)

SECOND PART: THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT IBN ABD AL-WAHHAB EXPLICITLY REJECTED AL-UDHR BI-L-JAHL

The mass takfir mentioned in the quotes above is strong proof of this. But here are two additional quotes;

MIAW says:

[Doubt Regarding the Takfir of a Specific Person for Whom the Proof Has Been Established]

"To proceed: What you mentioned regarding the statement of the Shaykh, "Whoever denies such-and-such, and the proof has been established for him," and your doubt concerning whether the proof has been established for these taghuts and their followers, this is indeed surprising. How can you doubt this when I have clarified it to you repeatedly?!

"The one for whom the proof has not been established is the one who is new to Islam, or the one who was raised in a distant desert, or if it is concerning a subtle matter, such as issues related to sarf [a form of sorcery] and ‘atf [another form of sorcery], then such a person is not declared a disbeliever until they are made aware of it.

"As for the fundamentals of the religion (usul al-din), which Allah has clarified and made firm in His Book, Allah’s proof is the Qur'an. Whoever the Qur'an reaches, the proof has reached him. However, the root of the confusion lies in your failure to distinguish between the establishment of the proof (qiyam al-hujjah) and the understanding of the proof (fahm al-hujjah).

"Most disbelievers and hypocrites among the Muslims have not understood Allah’s proof, even though it has been established for them, as Allah, the Most High, said:

"Or do you think that most of them hear or understand? They are like cattle; rather, they are even more astray in their way." [Quran 25:44].

"The establishment of the proof is one matter, and its reaching someone is another matter. It has been established for them, but their understanding of it is a separate matter. Their disbelief occurs due to the proof reaching them, even if they do not understand it.

"If this remains unclear to you, consider the Prophet’s ﷺ statement about the Khawarij: “Wherever you meet them, kill them,” and his saying: “They are the worst of those killed under the heavens.” This was despite them existing during the era of the Companions. One would belittle the actions of the Companions in comparison to theirs, and it was agreed that what expelled them from the religion was their extremism and interpretation (ijtihad), even though they thought they were obeying Allah. The proof had reached them, but they did not understand it.

"Similarly, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) killed those who believed in his divinity and burned them with fire, even though they were students of the Companions. Despite their acts of worship, prayer, and fasting, they thought they were upon the truth.

"The same applies to the consensus of the Salaf regarding the takfir of the extreme Qadariyyah and others, despite their knowledge, intense worship, and belief that they were doing good. None of the Salaf hesitated to declare them disbelievers just because they did not understand, for indeed, none of these individuals understood.

"If you know this, then what you are dealing with is disbelief: people worshipping taghuts, opposing the religion of Islam, and claiming that it is not apostasy because they might not have understood the proof. All of this is clear.

"Even more evident than the aforementioned is the example of those whom Ali burned, for it is similar to this. As for sending the statements of the Shafi'is and others, it is not to be imagined that anything more [definitive] will come to you than what has already reached you. If some confusion still remains with you, then turn to Allah, the Most High, and ask Him to remove it from you."

[الشك في تكفير المعين الذي قامت عليه الحجة]

وله أيضا، أسكنه الله الفردوس الأعلى:

بسم الله الرحمن الر حيم

إلى الإخوان، سلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته.

وبعد: ما ذكرتم من قول الشيخ: كل من جحد كذا وكذا، وقامت عليه الحجة، وأنكم شاكون في هؤلاء الطواغيت وأتباعهم، هل قامت عليهم الحجة؟ فهذا من العجب، كيف تشكون في هذا وقد أوضحته لكم مرارا؟! فإن الذي لم تقم عليه الحجة، هو الذي حديث عهد بالإسلام، والذي نشأ ببادية بعيدة، أو يكون ذلك في مسألة خفية، مثل الصرف والعطف، فلا يكفر حتى يعرف.

وأما أصول الدين التي أوضحها الله وأحكمها في كتابه، فإن حجة الله هو القرآن، فمن بلغه القرآن فقد بلغته الحجة؛ ولكن أصل الإشكال، أنكم لم تفرقوا بين قيام الحجة، وبين فهم الحجة، فإن أكثر الكفار والمنافقين من

المسلمين، لم يفهموا حجة الله مع قيامها عليهم، كما قال تعالى: {أَمْ تَحْسَبُ أَنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ أَوْ يَعْقِلُونَ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا كَالْأَنْعَامِ بَلْ هُمْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلاً} ١.

وقيام الحجة نوع، وبلوغها نوع، وقد قامت عليهم، وفهمهم إياها نوع آخر; وكفرهم ببلوغها إياهم، وإن لم يفهموها. إن أشكل عليكم ذلك، فانظروا قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الخوارج: " أينما لقيتموهم فاقتلوهم " ٢،وقوله: " شر قتلى تحت أديم السماء " ٣، مع كونهم في عصر الصحابة، ويحقر الإنسان عمل الصحابة معهم، ومع إجماع الناس أن الذي أخرجهم من الدين هو التشدد والغلو والاجتهاد؛ وهم يظنون أنهم يطيعون الله، وقد بلغتهم الحجة، ولكن لم يفهموها.

وكذلك قتل علي رضي الله عنه الذين اعتقدوا فيه، وتحريقهم بالنار، مع كونهم تلاميذ الصحابة، ومع عبادتهم وصلاتهم وصيامهم، وهم يظنون أنهم على حق.

وكذلك إجماع السلف: على تكفير غلاة القدرية وغيرهم، مع علمهم وشدة عبادتهم، وكونهم يحسبون أنهم يحسنون صنعا؛ ولم يتوقف أحد من السلف في تكفيرهم لأجل كونهم لم يفهموا، فإن هؤلاء كلهم لم يفهموا. إذا علمتم ذلك، فإن هذا الذي أنتم فيه كفر: الناس يعبدون الطواغيت، ويعادون دين الإسلام، فيزعمون أنه ليس ردة

، لعلهم ما فهموا الحجة، كل هذا بين.

وأظهر مما تقدم: الذين حرقهم علي، فإنه يشابه هذا. وأما إرسال كلام الشافعية وغيرهم، فلا يتصور يأتيكم أكثر مما أتاكم، فإن كان معكم بعض الإشكال، فارغبوا إلى الله تعالى أن يزيله عنكم، والسلام.

Al-Durar al-Saniyya (vol.10, p.93)

MIAW says:

"And it also teaches you great fear; for if you understand that a person can commit disbelief (yakfur) with a single word that comes from his tongue – and he may say it while being ignorant, and he is not excused for his ignorance - or he may say it while thinking it brings him closer to Allah, just as the disbelievers thought.

"Especially if Allah inspires you to reflect on what He narrated about the people of Moses, despite their righteousness and knowledge, when they came to him and said: "Make for us a god just as they have gods" [Quran 7:138]. At that point, your fear will intensify, as will your desire for that which saves you from this and its like."

وَأَفَادَكَ - أَيْضاً -: الخَوْفَ العَظِيمَ؛ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا عَرَفْتَ أَنَّ الإِنْسَانَ يَكْفُرُ بِكَلِمَةٍ يُخْرِجُهَا مِنْ لِسَانِهِ ، وَقَدْ يَقُولُهَا وَهُوَ جَاهِلٌ؛ فَلَا يُعْذَرُ بِالجَهْلِ ، وَقَدْ يَقُولُهَا وَهُوَ يَظُنُّ أَنَّهَا تُقَرِّبُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ - كَمَا ظَنَّ الكُفَّارُ -.

خُصُوصاً إِنْ أَلْهَمَكَ اللَّهُ مَا قَصَّ عَنْ قَوْمِ مُوسَى - مَعَ صَلَاحِهِمْ وَعِلْمِهِمْ - أَنَّهُمْ أَتَوْهُ قَائِلِينَ: {اجْعَلْ لَنَا إِلَهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ}.

فَحِينَئِذٍ يَعْظُمُ خَوْفُكَ وَحِرْصُكَ عَلَى مَا يُخَلِّصُكَ مِنْ هَذَا وَأَمْثَالِهِ.

Kashf al-Shubuhat

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Daniel Haqiqatjou

@Haqiqatjou

Jan 11

THREAD: The Deviant Takfiri Ideology of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab

The modern Salafi movement is heterogeneous. It is shaped by three key figures: Ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyya, and Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) .

Most Salafis actually focus on Ibn Hanbal and Ibn Taymiyya but know little about the teachings of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. Indeed, constant efforts are made to conceal these teachings because they are so deviant and so shocking.

In reality, people like Jake, Proving Islam, Wajdi, and Rabbi Faris are either heavily influenced by Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab or allied with others who are heavily influenced by Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.

When these individuals talk about teaching Tawhid and Aqida, what they really mean is teaching the deviant takfiri views of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, which are contained in texts like Kitab al-Tawhid and Kashf al-Shubuhat.

Consider the following basic facts about Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's life.

(1) He declared that he discovered the meaning of Tawhid and that no one else in his era understood its meaning.

(2) He declared that the people of the entire Muslim world - including Makka, Madina, Egypt, and Syria - had become kafir mushriks because they did not understand his ideas about Tawhid.

(3) He declared that the Muslims of his era were farther from Islam, and worse mushriks than the pre-Islamic pagans who had explicitly rejected Islam made war against the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

(4) He claimed that he an an Islamic duty to fight all the mushriks in Muslims lands, kill them, and take their wealth in a jihad.

(5) He denied that mushriks claiming to be Muslim had any kind of excuse for their ignorance of Tawhid (al-'Udhr bi-l-Jahl). (Although this fact is commonly concealed by apologists using incomplete and misleading quotations from Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's writings).

Let us look at some key quotes from Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.

Only He Understands Tawhid

Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab says:

I will tell you about myself – I swear by Allah, the One besides whom there is no deity worthy of worship - I sought knowledge, and those who knew me thought that I had understanding. But at that time, I did not know the meaning of “La ilaha illa Allah”, nor did I know the religion of Islam before this blessing that Allah bestowed on me. Likewise, none of my teachers knew it.

Whoever among the scholars of Al-'Arid claims that they knew the meaning of “La ilaha illa Allah” or understood the meaning of Islam before this time, or whoever claims that one of their teachers knew it, has lied, fabricated, deceived the people, and praised themselves for something they do not possess.

وأنا أخبركم عن نفسي والله الذي لا إله إلا هو، لقد طلبت العلم، واعتقد من عرفني أن لي معرفة، وأنا ذلك الوقت، لا أعرف معنى لا إله إلا الله، ولا أعرف دين الإسلام، قبل هذا الخير الذي من الله به؛ وكذلك مشايخي، ما منهم رجل عرف ذلك.

فمن زعم من علماء العارض: أنه عرف معنى لا إله إلا الله، أو عرف معنى الإسلام قبل هذا الوقت، أو زعم من مشايخه أن أحدا عرف ذلك، فقد كذب وافترى، ولبس على الناس، ومدح نفسه بما ليس فيه

Al-Durar al-Saniyya (vol. 10, p.71)

The Entire Muslim World has Fallen into Shirk

Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab says:

Do not neglect seeking and learning about Tawhid, using the Book of Allah, and reflecting deeply upon it. You have heard in the Book of Allah what provides lessons, such as their saying: "We are monotheists; we know that Allah is the One who gives benefit and harm, and that the prophets and others have no power to bring benefit or harm. But we only seek intercession." And you have heard how Allah has clarified the response to this in His Book, as well as what the scholars of tafsir and knowledge have said.

You have also heard the polytheists say: "Shirk is the worship of idols, but not the worship of the righteous." And you have heard their claim: "We seek only from Allah, but we use their status [as intermediaries]." You have also heard what Allah has mentioned in response to all of this.

Allah has blessed you with the acknowledgment of the scholars of the polytheists regarding all of this. You have heard their admission that the practices taking place in the Two Holy Sanctuaries [Makka and Madina], Basra, Iraq, and Yemen are acts of shirk [i.e., associating] with [Allah]. They have admitted to you that the religion whose people they support -- and who they claim are the great majority – they have admitted to you that their religion is [in fact] shirk.

They have also admitted to you that the Tawhid they strive to extinguish, and strive to kill and imprison its adherents, is the religion of Allah and His Messenger. This admission from them against themselves is one of the greatest signs of Allah and one of His greatest blessings upon you. No doubt remains with this, except for a dead heart upon which Allah has placed a seal. And for such a heart, there is no way out.

فلا تغفلوا عن طلب التوحيد وتعلمه، واستعمال كتاب الله وإجالة الفكر فيه; وقد سمعتم من كتاب الله ما فيه عبرة، مثل قولهم: نحن موحدون، نعلم أن الله هو النافع الضار، وأن الأنبياء وغيرهم لا يملكون نفعا ولا ضرا، لكن نريد الشفاعة، وسمعتم ما بين الله في كتابه، في جواب هذا، وما ذكر أهل التفسير وأهل العلم، وسمعتم قول المشركين: الشرك عبادة الأصنام، وأما الصالحون فلا، وسمعتم قولهم: لا نريد إلا من الله، لكن نريد بجاههم; وسمعتم ما ذكر الله في جواب هذا كله.

وقد منّ الله عليكم بإقرار علماء المشركين بهذا كله، سمعتم إقرارهم أن هذا الذي يفعل في الحرمين، والبصرة، والعراق، واليمن، أن هذا شرك بالله، فأقروا لكم أن هذا الدين الذي ينصرون أهله، ويزعمون أنهم

السواد الأعظم، أقروا لكم أن دينهم هو الشرك.

وأقروا لكم أيضا أن التوحيد الذي يسعون في إطفائه، وفي قتل أهله وحبسهم، أنه دين الله ورسوله؛ وهذا الإقرار منهم على أنفسهم، من أعظم آيات الله، ومن أعظم نعم الله عليكم، ولا يبقى شبهة مع هذا إلا للقلب الميت، الذي طبع الله عليه، وذلك لا حيلة فيه.

Al-Durar al-Saniyya (vol.10, p.7)

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Daniel Haqiqatjou

@Haqiqatjou

Aug 31, 2024

🧵 How to Acquire Child Slaves by Sodomizing Them According to the Talmud

This photo of a Jewish soldier menacing a Palestinian child has gone viral.

But what's the story here?

The Talmud says it is permissible for Jews to kidnap non-Jewish children and make them slaves.

The Talmud views non-Jewish children as akin to animals.

So just as a Jew may acquire an animal roaming about, he may do the same to acquire a non-Jewish child as a slave. (Kiddushin 22b)

So how does sodomy come into play?

First, we have to understand the full context.

In this passage, the Rabbis explain how to acquire slaves through possession. The point here is, if a slave does some kind of work for you, you acquire him or her as a slave.

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Daniel Haqiqatjou

@Haqiqatjou

Aug 25, 2024

🧵 Judaism's Hebrew Bible promises that Jews will rule over non-Jews.

It says Jews are entitled to conquer and enslave all other peoples and permits them to slaughter women and children.

It also says they will rule by spreading fear and terror among all other peoples.

Although the Quran does endorse a type of religious imperialism (jihad), the ideas of the Hebrew Bible go far beyond anything found in the Quran.

Nevertheless, the Western media propagates the notion that the Quran is "dangerous," whereas the Hebrew Bible is simply a source of "ancient wisdom" (despite what we actually see in places like Gaza).

Deuteronomy 15:6-

Jews are entitled to rule over non-Jewish nations.

Deuteronomy 2:25-

Jews will rule over non-Jews through terror and inflicting anguish.

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Daniel Haqiqatjou

@Haqiqatjou

Aug 21, 2024

🧵 Top 10 Shocking Moral Teachings of the Talmud

(that help us better understand Israel's treatment of Palestinians, etc.)

(With citations and screenshots from Sefaria, the authoritative online source for Jewish scriptures)

(1) All non-Jews should be killed, including women and children

(2) There is no legal penalty for killing non-Jews

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Daniel Haqiqatjou

@Haqiqatjou

Apr 11, 2024

THREAD: The first photos of Mecca are taken in the 1880s. Prior to this there are only drawings. These drawing only begin to proliferate in the 1600s.

You can see their evolution below:

Turkish 1600s (Ottoman)
fritware ceramic with underglaze painting

An Iznik pottery tile depicting the Ka'ba and the Masjid al-Haram, Mecca

Turkey, 1600s

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