I know just one person over 100 with an actual birth certificate.
Across U.S. states, the total and per capita numbers of supercentenarians dramatically decline right after the introduction of birth certificates (blue line).
Also, have you ever noticed that supercentenarians are more common in areas with more crime, more poverty, and lower average life expectancies?
Here's data for England:
The same pattern of supercentenarian numbers being correlated with poverty holds in (A, D) England, (B, E) France, and (C, F) Japan.
Across countries, you just see the same things over and over, from age heaping to weird correlations, so the conclusion is clear:
Supercentenarian numbers are driven less by regionally exceptional longevity and more by people defrauding pension systems and making up their ages.
Oh, and if you wanted to learn how to live a long life from the "blue zones" in Sardinia, Okinawa, and Icaria, good luck. Those places have low life expectancies and literacy levels, high crime, and lots of poverty.
Their long-lived people are not able to validate their ages.
This also applies to Loma Linda (not all that exceptional of a place).
In fact, across the whole U.S., at least 17% of centenarians were found to be non-centenarians in 2019 when someone just read through two plain-text files and found dates didn't match.
And this also applies to Nicoya, which is riddled with fraudulent ages:
If someone says they know someone super old, ask them: Where were they born? If it's in some place that was poor in the not-too-distant past, then they probably have the wrong age.
These were a series of wars fought in 1639 and 1640 between Scottish Covenanters and the English and their Scottish supporters.
These were the first of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, AKA the British Civil Wars.
The image in the last post depicts the 1638 signing of the National Covenant, an agreement signed by Scots opposing King Charles I's attempts to reform the "Kirk" (Church) of Scotland.
The chief god of the Babylonians was Marduk, and Marduk was a canal digger.
His story and his role in their pantheon are amazing, because it turns out his story is about the birth of statehood🧵
In the Babylonian creation myth Enūma Eliš, Marduk gains his powers and his standing by killing his grandmother after she seeks to kill his father, uncles, aunts, and the other young gods who preemptively killed their father.
After attaining his high position, Marduk becomes the canal digger, the maintainer and controller of water, and thus also the god of fertility.
Fertility? Fertility! Because without controlling the fertile crescent's water, there can be no organized living, farming, or much else
What do the Washington Post, Brookings, The Atlantic, and Business Insider have in common?
They all employ credulous writers who don't read about the things they write about.
The issue? Attacks on laptop-based notetaking🧵
Each of these outlets (among many others, unfortunately) reported on a a 2014 study by Mueller and Oppenheimer, in which it was reported that laptop-based note-taking was inferior to longhand note-taking for remembering content.
The evidence for this should not have been considered convincing.
In the first study, a sample of 67 students was randomized to watch and take notes on different TED talks and then they were assessed on factual or open-ended questions. The result? Worse open-ended performance:
The fact that the most significant crime, socially, is violent crime, and it's not really driven by the economy should change the way we see and talk about crime.
Despite strong results, it doesn't seem to have permeated the public discourse.
There was a point in time when London shut down 70% of its police stations as part of a series of austerity cuts.
That was a bad idea🧵
Background:
A 2010 report from the British government led to a 29% budget cut for London's police.
In response, the mayor figured cutting down police stations and redistributing the frontline officers across the remainder could save money while achieving similar results.
The police stations the mayor's office decided to shut down were fairly geographically equally distributed in London, and they respected local crime trends.
It's therefore plausible that the remaining stations could make up for the absence of the ones that were shut down.