Stephen | DeFi Dojo Profile picture
Aug 27 β€’ 12 tweets β€’ 4 min read β€’ Read on X
Vitalik is right. Partially.

Current DeFi is gamified finance where skilled users extract money from less skilled users.

This doesn't scale.

But there are solutions πŸ§΅πŸ‘‡
The term "tuition" in DeFi refers to losses taken that users learn from.

I.E., if you get liquidated (like me) for over-leveraging an LST using a market rate oracle, those losses become "tuition," and you'll (probably) only leverage with exchange rate oracles in the future.

Most successful defi users (i.e. "winners") have paid their fair share of tuition to reach their current level of experience.

The problem is, almost everyone who's paid their tuition graduates and competes for the same job of "winner."Image
Imagine an incredibly tough university that pays a phenomenal salary.

Many students drop out because of how difficult it is or because they can't afford tuition any longer.

The students who do graduate are highly skilled and educated.

Great!

But there's a catch: all of the graduates want to become professors in that university.
Sure, the university can hire more professors and open more classes, but the tuition from new enrollments cannot keep up with cost to employ every new graduate.

So even though you've created highly-skilled, highly-competent, highly-educated professionals, there's not enough money to hire them all.

So to is DeFi in its current state.
There is now a critical mass of savvy DeFi "graduates" all competing for the title of "winner" in this PvP crypto arena.

Occasionally our "university" gets a big grant from a chain, VC, or DAO that keeps us all paid for a few months, but those investors are expecting a return that's always correlated with new "students" paying more "tuition."

And once the expectation of new students (defi users) goes away, so too will much of the funding that pays us "professional" power users.
This is why we need external revenue.

We need a source of new money that isn't just onboarding inexperienced users.

Let's talk about TradFi Yields.
In Traditional Finance there are many ways to get yield.

Here are a few of the big ones:
Note: I've put the defi equivalent in parenthesis
1. Dividends (i.e. revshare)
2. Bonds (interest on lent capital)
3. Mutual Funds (managed vaults)
4. Funding Rates (funding rates)
5. Credit Markets (Goldfinch / Centrifuge)
As you can see, most major yields from tradfi already exist on chain.

And some protocols are even bringing those tradfi yields directly onchain.

β€’ onchain treasuries (USDM, sDAI, USDY, etc)
β€’ onchain credit markets (USDz)
β€’ onchain mutual funds (Franklin OnChain)

And this is really just DeFi's second cycle.
So I'm hopeful. In fact, I'm incredibly bullish on DeFi.

In a few years, I believe we'll have every major type of tradfi yield onchain, decentralized, and accessible to anyone in the world with a VPN and an internet connection.

This will also mean more users, more mindshare, and more innovation.Image
I expect other RWA markets to take off.

@landxfinance has tokenized crop yields.

Various projects are tokenizing real estate yield.

Soon I imagine small, medium, and large businesses will find a way to tokenize their own revenue in legal and robust manners, allowing anyone to participate in speculative angel investing.Image
Polymarket is one of the most interesting breakthrough defi use cases.

It simultaneously acts as a prediction "oracle" for events while also offering users a decentralized speculation market on real-world events.

Soon, I anticipate the tokenization of speculative positions in these markets and various forms of yield therein.

With sufficient liquidity, polymarket could become the most reliable "wisdom of the crowd" indicators on Earth.Image
FINALLY,

Let's never forget the true heart and soul of DeFi.

Decentralized Finance.

The ability to own your own assets in a completely non-custodial way.

DeFi means:
β–Ί NO BANK
β–Ί NO GOVERNMENT
β–Ί NO INSTITUTION
can freeze or seize your funds without your express permission.

I believe there will be a time in the not-too-distant future where international undesirables will be subject to financial warfare. DeFi is the only true safe haven.

DeFi allows you to own your money and do with it what you'd like without severe institutional exploitation.

This is real financial freedom and real financial agency.

Let us never lose sight of that.

β€’ β€’ β€’

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More from @phtevenstrong

Aug 19
DEFI MATH EXPLAINER: Health Factors

Health factors on money markets give the user a sense of how close they are to liquidation.

A health factor of 1.15, for example, typically means a 15% increase in debt will lead to liquidation.

But how can you quickly figure out your health factor and liquidation points given various variables?

GREAT QUESTION, let's do some math πŸ§΅πŸ‘‡
Getting your health factor on protocols is easy.

Here's the base formula:

(π™²πš˜πš•πš•πšŠπšπšŽπš›πšŠπš• * π™»πš’πššπšžπš’πšπšŠπšπš’πš˜πš— π™»πšƒπš…) / π™³πšŽπš‹πš

But how you use that formula will vary depending on what starting variables you have or want to use.

For example, if you want to use leverage to determine health factor, it's very simple:

(π™»πšŽπšŸπšŽπš›πšŠπšπšŽ*π™»πš’πššπšžπš’πšπšŠπšπš’πš˜πš— π™»πšƒπš…)/(π™»πšŽπšŸπšŽπš›πšŠπšπšŽ - 𝟷)

Here's an example with 5x leverage and a liquidation LTV of 90%:

Breakdown:
β–Ί 1 part principal collateral
β–Ί 4 parts debt
β–Ί 5 parts leveraged collateral

Formula:
= (5 * 0.9) / 4
= 4.5 / 4
= 1.125 Health Factor

That means, if your debt increases by 12.5% relative to your collateral, you get liquidated πŸ’€
More commonly, if you want to use current LTV to determine health factor, it's even easier:

π™»πš’πššπšžπš’πšπšŠπšπš’πš˜πš— π™»πšƒπš… / π™²πšžπš›πš›πšŽπš—πš π™»πšƒπš…

Let's use that last example with 5x leverage and 90% liquidation LTV to demonstrate:

That means you have an 80% LTV:
(4 parts debt divided by 5 parts collateral)

Using our formula above, we can get the health factor with simple division:

𝟿𝟢% / 𝟾𝟢% = 𝟷.𝟷𝟸𝟻
Read 5 tweets
Aug 6
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ORACLES

aka how to avoid liquidation
aka how to leverage responsibly
aka how not to be me during the last crash

A thread πŸ§΅πŸ‘‡
WHAT IS AN ORACLE?

I'm embarrassed to admit "oracles" intimidated me for a long time, since they seemed like esoteric backend functions that only developers could understand.

So, I was happy to learn they're not some fancy or clandestine mechanisms, they're actually really simple.

An oracle is a price feed. That's it.

It's the data source for the price of an asset. And these feeds are used by protocols, especially borrowing and lending protocols that rely on external price feeds for things like liquidations.

Common oracles are sourced from @chainlink, @redstone_defi, and @PythNetwork.
TWO TYPES OF ORACLES

There are two primary types of oracles: Market Rate and Exchange Rate.

Market Rate oracles use an index of prices from various different sources, typically mixed between onchain dexes and cexes.

Exchange Rate oracles, instead of using an index of prices from cexes and dexes, use the underlying value of an asset, typically determined by what backs that asset.

Let's go deeperπŸ‘‡
Read 13 tweets
Aug 2
ETH Down / Yields Up

BEST ETH YIELDS MEGATHREAD

for the culture 🀌

πŸ§΅πŸ‘‡Image
Let's start easy.

Protocol: @beefyfinance
Yield: 15%-57% APR
Difficulty: Very Easy
Beefy has CLMs (concentrated liquidity manager) pools where, like Gamma and Arrakis, the ranges are managed for the depositor.

This means a user only has to deposit their assets (they can also just zap in) and the rest of the work is done for them.
These have been consistently between 15% and 40% APR recently and many of them are also generating points for LRT airdrops.

ONE THING TO REMEMBER is that for many of these vaults, users must also deposit their receipt token into the "Active Boost" in order to get the additional incentives.Image
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Next @mavprotocol

Protocol:
Yield: 15%-250% APR
Difficulty: Moderate

Maverick is a concentrated liquidity protocol that allows users to have very precise control over their ticks / bins (similar to TraderJoes).
However, there are specific pools that have pre-built ranges that protocols incentivize because they want specific liquidity structures.

As a result, users can deposit into these incentivized pools and not worry too much about being in range or out of range while still collecting emissions.
Here, you can see there are 7 days remaining on this incentive package (they often renew). There are $250 incentives going out per day on $87K of liquidity.

That gives 104% APR in incentives on this @ether_fi pool.
Similar to Beefy, do not forget to stake your position to earn the additional incentives / yield.app.mav.xyzImage
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Read 9 tweets
Jun 28
Ultimate Arbitrum LTIPP Yield Almanac

@arbitrum LTIPP grants total around $30M and most programs run until September.

Here are the yields I'm actively looking at 🧡Image
@FactorDAO

Most of the boosted strategies are LRT @SiloFinance leveraging strategies or LRT @Penpiexyz_io LP strategies.

The yields range from 65% to 165% BUT Factor is relatively low TVL, so do be mindful of dilution and SC risks.

Yields: 65%-165%
TVL in Vaults: <$2MImage
@GearboxProtocol

Gearbox first launched their lending campaign but will soon launched incentivized trading and incentivized @RenzoProtocol leveraging.

And with their new STIMMIES campaign, you'll not only get ARB rewards but also GEAR rewards.

Read more here:


Current Lending Yields:
USDC: 15%
ETH: 14%

I'm most excited for subsidized ezETH leveraging, but we'll have to wait a week before the full details come out.

If you're a clever lad, you can also leverage up LSTs like rETH, wstETH, and cbETH on farm, benefiting from the low borrow rates subsidized by LTIPP

There will also be STIMMIES for trading on PURE

If you do trade on PURE, consider using the DeFi Dojo Ref Link:
blog.gearbox.fi/gear-and-arb-r…
pure.gearbox.fi/trade?referral…Image
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Read 11 tweets
Jun 17
Nine years ago, sitting in a hotel room in Budapest, my girlfriend of just a couple weeks found out she was pregnant.

I was twenty-three and had just begun traveling the world. I hardly knew her and she hardly knew me. Image
The night before, we were supposed to go out on a true European bender with a friend from my college days.

At the time, we were working in Saudi Arabia -- no real access to alcohol or any other party favors.

So you can imagine I was excited, as was my girlfriend, to do some serious drinking et al.

However, we never made it.
The day before finding out she was pregnant; I went into Budapest proper to meet my friend.

On my walk back to the hotel to prepare for the night's festivities, I got horribly lost. No phone signal, a terrible sense of direction, and no knowledge of Hungarian.

Hours of frustrated wandering later, I ended up in a field in front of an old, abandoned church.Image
Read 13 tweets
May 3
Why I'm so bullish on Christianity:

First, I compared secular / non-secular market data.

Virtually all major indicators showing the Long Religion/Short Secular pair trade as one of the best this century:

1. +4% single-year ROI in mental health gains for weekly churchgoers vs -13% decline for non-churchgoers.

2. Highly religious traditional marriages sill best play in long term satisfaction market.

3. The young flourishing demographic biased "very religious".
This indicates adult bullish-flourishing correlation.Image
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Once I knew I wanted to go long "religious," I compared religions.

For this, I was mostly thesis-driven.

Buddhist thesis is short attachments, assuming they're the cause of suffering.

I've seen this thesis play out on New-Age maximalists, and almost all of them actually saw growth in suffering YOY when longing Buddhism.
Also, I had a bias for western thesis suggesting suffering was directly correlated with proximity to the divine as a function of sin-debt, not attachment itself.

I decided to "go with what you know" and research the Abrahamic market.

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam had similar fundamentals, but dramatically differed on CAS (Christ-As-Savior).

In the past, Virtue Ethics was one of my best performers by being long beta on Eudaimonia (human flourishing resulting from virtuous action); so the Jewish and Islamic idea of good works being the foundation of salvation appealed to me.

However, Judaism was supposed to have a massive launch of Messiah, and Islam and Christianity already had a Messiah launch -- so I decided to look at the launch details.

Judaism's Messiah is set to be a massive failure by its own investors, which wasn't particularly bullish.

However, he would die for our transgressions, which is a great swapping mechanism (I'm perma-short transgressions), so I was pretty bullish Judaism again:

But then I looked into Islam's messiah, which turns out was Isa (Esau, I.E. "Jesus") which I know Christians are max-long on.

(Quran 43:57-64)Image
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So then I looked at Jesus, and he hit over 100 key metrics from the Judaic messiah requirements.

He also ended animal-sacrificinomics by paying for investors sins with his own blood, which was great because I've been short animal-sacrifice since college.

This could stop the negative impacts on my portfolio of sufferflation by eliminating my sin-debt.

He also "redeemed us from the curse of the law" which was great because there is no way I could actually live up to the 613 Judaic investment terms and agreements.

THERE WAS AN ISSUE THOUGH.

The Judaism whitepaper said the Messiah would include POE (peace on earth) and universal governance, and Jesus did not ship these.

And Jesus wasn't actually the Messiah, then Christianity would literally be a rug.

However, thank God, Christianity, like EitherFi, has a Season 2.

S2 announcements include (see Revelation docs):

β€’ POE (Peace on Earth)
β€’ Redemption of Israel
β€’ Universal governance
β€’ Near infinite ROI on CAS (Christ as Savior)Image
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Read 5 tweets

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