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Nick #RespiratorsFilterAllPathogens😷 Anderegg Profile picture
@NickAnderegg
Aug 29, 2024 • 3 tweets • 1 min read • Read on X
SIGNIFICANT NEW STUDY PUBLISHED TODAY IN NATURE!

Fibrin "binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein," forming clots that "drive systemic thromboinflammation and neuropathology," and it happens "independently of active infection."

Simplified breakdown of the paper below!

1/many Published on Aug 28, 2024 in Nature: "Fibrin drives thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19" Abstract: "Fibrinogen, the central structural component of blood clots, is abundantly deposited in the lungs and brains of patients with COVID-19, correlates with disease severity... Here we show that fibrin binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, forming proinflammatory blood clots that drive systemic thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19. Fibrin, acting through its inflammatory domain, is required for oxidative stress and macrophage activation in the lungs, w...
This paper has SEVERAL MAJOR FINDINGS, spanning multiple major aspects of COVID pathology!

IMO, this paper is a MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH, as the authors "establish fibrin as a key driver of inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection."

2/ Image
Here is the entire thread summarizing the paper “Fibrin drivers thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19,” on one page: readwise.io/reader/shared/…

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More from @NickAnderegg

Nick #RespiratorsFilterAllPathogens😷 Anderegg Profile picture
Jun 30
I don't know how to say this gently, but if you think that it's even POSSIBLE for the climate to *improve* in your lifetime… uhh…

Okay, let's say humans and factories and power plants suddenly blinked out of existence today

First, temperatures would immediately increase…

1/
And no, this isn't one of those obnoxious climate-denial talking points misreading the data. Know why things suddenly seemed to get worse around 2023? Industry reduced a pollutant that is harmful to humans but masks the effects of greenhouse gases by reflecting light

2/ The role of reduced aerosol masking from air pollutant emission reductions in recent global warming acceleration (2013–2023) https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2534130123
Recent accelerating global warming underscores the importance of understanding all drivers, including short-lived pollutants. We find that air pollutant emission reductions from 2013 to 2023 increased Earth’s radiative forcing by ~0.16 W/m2, with comparable contributions from international shipping, China, and other countries. This positive forcing is estimated to account for 52% (14 to 90%) of the observed warming acceleration relative to 1970–2012. We find nonlocal climate impacts, such as pronounced forcing over the North Pacific linked to upwind terrestrial emission cuts. These results ...
In recent years, the Earth has likely experienced an accelerated warming trend, raising growing interest in the possible contributing factors. From 2013 to 2023, global anthropogenic air pollutant emissions declined significantly and brought enormous public health benefits, but the contribution of reduced aerosol masking of greenhouse warming to recent trends remains uncertain. Using two state-of-the-art global climate models, we show that global air pollutant emission reductions during 2013–2023 caused a global effective radiative forcing of 0.16 W/m2 (90% CI: 0.13 to 0.20), with internati...
If we were just to reduce aerosol emissions without reducing CO2 and methane emissions (which is basically what is actually happening), it will "unmask" 2ºC warming. If we cut everything, we'll keep it down to JUST unmasking 0.4ºC warming from reduced aerosols.

3/ https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1819989116 Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate Since aerosols mask the anthropogenic rise in global temperature, removing fossil-fuel-generated particles liberates 0.51( ± 0.03) °C and all pollution particles 0.73( ± 0.03) °C warming, reaching around 2 °C over North America and Northeast Asia. The steep temperature increase from removing aerosols can be moderated to about 0.36( ± 0.06) °C globally by the simultaneous reduction of tropospheric ozone and methane. We conclude that a rapid phaseout o...
Read 24 tweets
Nick #RespiratorsFilterAllPathogens😷 Anderegg Profile picture
Mar 27
"The WHO declared covid over in 2023!"

Nope. Wrong. You are objectively and *verifiably* incorrect.

From the declaration: "I declare COVID-19 over as a global health emergency. However, that does not mean COVID-19 is over as a global health threat."

1/many Source: <https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/05/1136367> UN News: WHO chief declares end to COVID-19 as a global health emergency "The head of the UN World Health Organization (WHO) has declared “with great hope” an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency, stressing that it does not mean the disease is no longer a global threat."
Source: <https://www.who.int/news-room/speeches/item/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing---5-may-2023> However, that does not mean COVID-19 is over as a global health threat. Last week, COVID-19 claimed a life every three minutes – and that’s just the deaths we know about. As we speak, thousands of people around the world are fighting for their lives in intensive care units. And millions more continue to live with the debilitating effects of post-COVID-19 condition. This virus is here to stay. It is still killing, and it’s still changing. The risk remains...
I just want to emphasize again: The WHO director said "The worst thing any country could do now is to use this news as a reason to let down its guard, to dismantle the systems it has built, or to send the message to its people that COVID-19 is nothing to worry about."

2/ Source: <https://www.who.int/news-room/speeches/item/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing---5-may-2023> "This virus is here to stay. It is still killing, and it’s still changing. The risk remains of new variants emerging that cause new surges in cases and deaths. The worst thing any country could do now is to use this news as a reason to let down its guard, to dismantle the systems it has built, or to send the message to its people that COVID-19 is nothing to worry about. What this news means is that it is time for countries to transition from emergency m...
So why did they declare an end to something that's a global threat?

To understand that, you need to understand the function of the WHO: *coordination of responses to global public health needs.*

It's not some arbiter of fact or declarer of scientific truths.

3/ CONSTITUTION OF THE WHO […] Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition. The health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is dependent upon the fullest co-operation of individuals and States. Informed opinion and active co-operation on the part of the public are of the utmost impor...
(a) to act as the directing and co-ordinating authority on international health work; (b) to establish and maintain effective collaboration with the United Nations, specialized agencies, governmental health administrations, professional groups and such other organizations…; (c) to assist Governments, upon request, …; (d) to furnish appropriate technical assistance and, in emergencies, necessary aid upon the request or acceptance of Governments; (e) to provide or assist in providing, …; (f) to establish and maintain such administrative and technical service…; (g) to stimulate and advan...
(l) to promote …; (m) to foster activities …; (n) to promote and conduct research in the field of health; (o) to promote …; (p) to study and report on, in co-operation with other specialized agencies where necessary, administrative and social techniques …; (q) to provide information, counsel and assistance …; (r) to assist in developing an informed public opinion among all peoples on matters of health; (s) to establish and revise as necessary international nomenclatures of diseases, …; (t) to standardize …; (u) to develop, establish and promote international standards …; (v) gener...
Read 29 tweets
Nick #RespiratorsFilterAllPathogens😷 Anderegg Profile picture
Sep 7, 2025
Let’s talk about systemic risk from negligent public health: Catastrophe doesn’t require population-wide illness.

The worst case isn’t sickness. Worst case is infrastructure collapse due to overstressed resources.

You know power plants need stable power to operate?

1/many “8. Performance of Nuclear Power Plants Affected by the Blackout On August 14, 2003, nine U.S. nuclear power plants experienced rapid shutdowns (reactor trips) as a consequence of the power outage. Seven nuclear power plants in Canada operating at high power levels at the time of the event also experienced rapid shutdowns. […]. Many non-nuclear generating plants in both countries also tripped during the event. Numerous other nuclear plants observed disturbances on the electrical grid but continued to generate electrical power without interruption. […] - The severity of the grid transient...
If there is a widespread disruption in the service area of, e.g., a nuclear power plant, it shuts down for safety. Massive blackouts like in 2003 or in Spain this year are caused by safety systems!

If too much trips out at once, it has a ripple effect across the grid
2/ Source: https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2025/04/29/821703.htm Why Restarting a Power Grid After Massive Collapse Is So Hard April 29, 2025 by Rachel Morison and William Mathis It’s a worst case scenario that grid operators plan for but hope never to encounter. After one of the worst blackouts in Europe in more than a decade, electricity grid operators in Spain and Portugal are trying to get networks back up and running from the ground up. The initial estimate from grid operator Red Electrica was that restoring all power supply in Spain may take between six and 10 hour...
Frequency Factor So far, the only information about what caused the crisis was a comment from grid operator Red Electrica that the blackout was a result of “oscillation,” which suggests a disruption in the grid’s frequency or voltage — both crucial factors for maintaining stability. The frequency, which normally stays pretty steady around 50 hertz, is the heartbeat of the grid. Frequency monitoring specialist Gridradar said it identified a rapid movement in frequency just after noon in Spain — right before the blackout hit. Such oscillations can cause chain reactions that ultimately lead ...
In 2003, it took 2 days to fully restore most power. The infrastructure is 20 years older than it was back then and higher demand creates risk of cascading failure.

As of 2003, recommendations from blackouts in 1965, 1977, 1982, 1996, and 1998 had not been implemented.
3/ “Recommendations to Prevent or Minimize the Scope of Future Blackouts As reported in previous chapters, the blackout on August 14, 2003, was preventable. It had several direct causes and contributing factors, including: • Failure to maintain adequate reactive power support • Failure to ensure operation within secure limits • Inadequate vegetation management • Inadequate operator training • Failure to identify emergency conditions and communicate that status to neighboring systems • Inadequate regional-scale visibility over the bulk power system.”
“Further, as discussed in Chapter 7, after each major blackout in North America since 1965, an expert team of investigators has probed the causes of the blackout, written detailed technical reports, and issued lists of recommendations to prevent or minimize the scope of future blackouts. Yet several of the causes of the August 14 blackout are strikingly similar to those of the earlier blackouts. Clearly, efforts to implement earlier recommendations have not been adequate. Accordingly, the recommendations presented below emphasize comprehensiveness, monitoring, training, and enforcement of r...
“1. Market mechanisms should be used where possible, but in circumstances where conflicts between reliability and commercial objectives cannot be reconciled, they must be resolved in favor of high reliability. 2. Regulators and consumers should recognize that reliability is not free, and that maintaining it requires ongoing investments and operational expenditures by many parties. Regulated companies will not make such outlays without assurances from regulators that the costs will be recoverable through approved electric rates, and unregulated companies will not make such outlays unless th...
“3. Recommendations have no value unless they are implemented. Accordingly, the Task Force emphasizes strongly that North American governments and industry should commit themselves to working together to put into effect the suite of improvements mapped out below. Success in this area will require particular attention to the mechanisms proposed for performance monitoring, accountability of senior manage-ment, and enforcement of compliance with standards. 4. The bulk power systems are among the most critical elements of our economic and social infrastructure. Although the August 14 blackout ...
Read 20 tweets
Nick #RespiratorsFilterAllPathogens😷 Anderegg Profile picture
Sep 4, 2025
If Florida drops vaccine mandates, society is probably officially over. I really, really, really don’t think most people get that herd immunity is the only thing keeping measles from ripping through the population, and a measles infection wipes out all pre-existing immunity

1/3
Measles specifically infects the cells that are responsible for “remembering” which pathogens your body has encountered before. So they ALL get wiped out, and all you’re left with is cells that remember your measles infection and nothing else.

2/3
Every infection, vaccination, and other pathogenic exposure you’ve ever had? Your body no longer knows how to detect them after a measles infection. The only immunity you’ll be left with is immunity to measles. That’s it. Open season for every other pathogen encountered.

3/3
Read 8 tweets
Nick #RespiratorsFilterAllPathogens😷 Anderegg Profile picture
Jun 30, 2025
Can I say something? I have a BA in psych, a BPhil in linguistics, and went to grad school for cognitive psych. My research, including an undergrad fellowship, was on the cognitive relationship between written and spoken language…

Audiobooks are NO DIFFERENT than reading print.
In the last hour, there have been a dozen replies from people nitpicking the first tweet

The topic of discussion is "do audiobooks 'count' as reading?," and the answer is "Audiobooks are NO DIFFERENT than reading print."

Maybe read the thread before arguing with it? lmfao
And for all those people with indignant responses who want to nitpick every detail, the fact that so many people hold THIS exact view—that audiobooks are somehow “cheating”—is the ENTIRE point. It leads to people who would benefit from audiobooks depriving themselves the medium
Read 4 tweets
Nick #RespiratorsFilterAllPathogens😷 Anderegg Profile picture
Feb 1, 2025
Many people are asking for recommendations about what storage media to buy, so here's a buying guide from an experienced data hoarder (me)

The MOST IMPORTANT thing to know is that SOLID-STATE MEDIA IS NOT DURABLE. Flash drives, SSDs, SD cards, etc. are NOT long-term storage.

1/
That's not to say that it's impossible to use solid-state media for long-term storage. It's just that anything with durability guarantees gets prohibitively expensive quickly. Spinning hard drives—as well as DVDs and Blu-ray discs!—are your friend.

2/
- The way data is stored in solid-state media makes it much more susceptible to bit rot than other media.
- In a spinning hard drive, the moving parts are the most common point of failure.
- When you burn a DVD, that shit is fairly permanent.

3/
Read 42 tweets

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