Mike Hoerger, PhD MSCR MBA Profile picture
Sep 10, 2024 7 tweets 4 min read Read on X
PMC COVID-19 Forecasting Model, Sept 9, 2024
🧵1/7

Nationally, we appear to have passed the peak of our late-summer wave, and it's not pretty.

At peak:
🔹>1.3 million daily infections
🔹2.8% (1 in 36) actively infectious
🔹Transmission higher than 90.5% of the pandemic

We are showing a peak around Aug 10, but as you look closely at the graph and in later Tweets, you'll see it was bimodal, with near-identical transmission on Aug 10 and Aug 24.

The CDC consistently corrects historical data, so in hindsight, we might expect the official peak date to flip to the 24th, or for the stats on the 10th to jump higher.

We had expected that Friday's data release might show this was the largest summer peak all-time (by the slimmest of margins), but the prior week's data were retroactively corrected downward by about 5%.

This is a common occurrence, which is why it's important to focus on the big-picture forecast (very bad transmission the remainder of 2024) as opposed to minute details.

Let's walk through the details in this Thread....Figure shows the 9 waves of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic. We are in the 5th-largest wave, and the 2nd largest summer wave. The statistics in the Tweet summarize the peak of the current wave.
PMC COVID-19 Forecasting Model, Sept 9, 2024
🧵2/7

The current year-over-year graph on Covid transmission is troubling. We just had the worst August of Covid transmission in the U.S.

We are likely to have our worst September, worst October, and potentially worst November of transmission.

We expect to bottom out around 850,000 daily infections in early November, before the winter surge picks up.

These new monthly records for Covid transmission are the consequence of #LaissezFairePublicHealth, especially the 1-day isolation policy, but more generally that public health officials are not describing transmission frankly and the need for multi-layered mitigation.Graph of year-over-year transmission. The current surge appears to have peaked, just under the daily peak of the 2022 summer wave, and is setting the stage for four months of monthly records in transmission, based on year-over-year monthly comparisons.
PMC COVID-19 Forecasting Model, Sept 9, 2024
🧵3/7

Zooming in, see the forest for the trees: About 74 days in a row with 1 million daily infections.

The peak date is somewhat arbitrary, and either Aug 10 or 24 may be estimated the peak in hindsight.Graph shows the prior year of transmission and 1-month forecast. Daily infections will remain >1 million for nearly another month, and are projected to reach 74 days in total.   Once below 1 million, only expect daily infections to get down to about 850,000/day in early November, then get much worse.
PMC COVID-19 Forecasting Model, Sept 9, 2024
🧵4/7

Statistics to reinforce the significance of the ongoing pandemic:
🔹1.1 million daily infections on average the next month
🔹2.2% (1 in 45) actively infectious any given day of the next month
🔹High-risk in classroom-sized settings
🔹>1.5 million resulting Long COVID cases from infections derived during the next monthCurrent Levels for Sep 9, 2024 % of the Population Infectious 2.4% (1 in 41) New Daily Infections 1,157,000  New Weekly Infections 8,099,000  Resulting Weekly Long COVID Cases 405,000 to 1,620,000  Monthly Forecast Average % of the Population Infectious 2.2% (1 in 45) Average New Daily Infections 1,061,933 New Infections During the Next Month 31,858,000 Resulting Monthly Long COVID Cases 1,593,000 to 6,372,000  Running Totals Infections Nationwide in 2024 199,788,000 Average Number of Infections Per Person All-Time, U.S. 3.38  How Does Risk Increase with More Social Contacts? Number of peop...
PMC COVID-19 Forecasting Model, Sept 9, 2024
🧵5/7

This is the current heat map for Covid transmission. We released this Friday, given the ongoing debate about the CDC coloring their map in cool blue using the same data.

PMC COVID-19 Forecasting Model, Sept 9, 2024
🧵6/7

Here are regional estimates of transmission. Note that you can estimate the percent of your state actively infectious by looking up the CDC Level on their website and multiplying it by 0.330.

These are approximate estimates and higher quality in states with more and longer-standing wastewater sites.

Go here, select a state from the drop-down:


For example, in Louisiana the most recently-reported CDC Level is 8.31.

8.31 * 0.330 = 2.74, signifying that 2.74% of the state is estimated to be actively infectious with Covid.

Take 100 divided by that number to get the "1 in ____" statistic. For example, 100/2.74 = 36.45, signifying that 1 in 36 people in Louisiana are estimated to be actively infectious.

Watch your decimals, and remember these formulas can't just be thrown at any random wastewater tracker.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/COVID1…Estimated Percentage Actively Infectious  PMC Model (carries forward to Sept 9) | Raw CDC Data (uses most recent data from the CDC website on Aug 31)  National	2.4% (1 in 41)		2.6% (1 in 39) Northeast	1.7% (1 in 57)		1.8% (1 in 54) Midwest	2.7% (1 in 38)		2.8% (1 in 35) South	2.6% (1 in 38)		2.8% (1 in 36) West	2.9% (1 in 35)		3.0% (1 in 33)
PMC COVID-19 Forecasting Model, Sept 9, 2024
🧵7/7

Here's the complete dashboard. Use, crop, improve, and share as desired across other platforms and the web. Tag me if helpful.

Read the full report and technical appendix online:
pmc19.com/dataDashboard had six areas, summarized in each of the preceding Tweets

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More from @michael_hoerger

Apr 14
PMC COVlD Update, Apr 13, 2026

Levels are flat during a relative "lull" in transmission.
▪️1 in 187 estimated actively infectious
▪️260,000 estimated new daily infections
▪️High: OK, MS, WV
▪️Moderate: VT
▪️All other states low/very low in relative transmission

🧵THREAD 1/6 Heat map from CDC data and PMC prevalence estimates harmonizing CDC and Biobot wastewater data with IHME true case estimates to derive ongoing transmission projections
COVID-19 persists in 2026.

We are in a relative "lull" following a 12th wave, but at a baseline of 200-300K estimated new daily infections.

Transmission was lower in the era many refer to as #DuringCOVID, when multi-layered mitigation was used instead of denial.

🧵THREAD 2/6 Annotated graph of the 12 waves (U.S.)
Transmission during a "lull" is high in an absolute sense. Many people are getting infected.

Simultaneously, its low in a relative sense, or compared to so-called "typical" transmission. In most places, it's a safer time for medical/dental care.

🧵THREAD 3/6 Barometer showing lower relative transmission than usual
Read 6 tweets
Apr 6
PMC COVlD Update, April 6, 2026

Transmission is stable in a relative "lull" nationally between waves.

We estimate that approximately 313,000 people are still getting infected per day, with outbreaks radiating from TN and MS.

🧵1 of 10 (don't miss #10)! Heat map with PMC estimates
With limited data reported, Mississippi has an estimated 1 in 27 residents actively infectious.

In a room of 25 people, that's a 61% chance of exposure, if no testing/isolation protocols.

🧵2 of 10 Alabama	Low Alaska	Very Low Arizona	Very Low* Arkansas	Low California	Very Low Colorado	Very Low Connecticut	Low Delaware	Low District of Columbia	Very Low Florida	Very Low Georgia	Low Guam	Low Hawaii	Very Low Idaho	Very Low Illinois	Very Low Indiana	Very Low Iowa	Very Low Kansas	Low Kentucky	Moderate Louisiana	Moderate Maine	Very Low Maryland	Low Massachusetts	Very Low Michigan	Low Minnesota	Very Low Mississippi	Very High*
1 in 24 people in Tennessee are estimated to be actively infectious with SARS-CoV-2. That's a 65% chance of exposure in a room of 25 people where nobody is testing/isolating.

🧵3 of 10 Missouri	Moderate* Montana	Very Low Nebraska	Very Low Nevada	Very Low New Hampshire	Very Low New Jersey	Low New Mexico	Very Low New York	Very Low North Carolina	Low North Dakota	Very Low* Ohio	Very Low Oklahoma	Low* Oregon	Very Low Pennsylvania	Low Rhode Island	Very Low South Carolina	Very Low South Dakota	Low Tennessee	Very High Texas	Low Utah	Very Low Vermont	Moderate Virginia	Moderate Washington	Very Low West Virginia	Low Wisconsin	Very Low Wyoming	Very Low
Read 10 tweets
Apr 3
This is an unethically misleading study with findings easily explained by residual confounding. Some health systems and patients have thorough record keeping. Others don't. All sorts of variables will correlate (infections, cancers, anything else tracked in medical records).
This is a really obvious issue for an international epi study. It should not have been published.
The above study is using the same processes the anti-vaxxers use -- junk epi that does not account for confounding -- to support whatever pre-conceived notions the authors have, with absurdly large effects.

Read 4 tweets
Mar 23
PMC #COVID Update, March 23, 2026 (U.S.)

Transmission levels have plummeted nationally as we shift from the 12th wave toward a relative "lull."

Over half the states have "Very Low" relative transmission, per the CDC.

🧵THREAD 1 of 8 Heat map using CDC levels and PMC estimate of prevalence (1 in 147 actively infectious nationwide).
Transmission varies considerably by state.

Highest
🔥Mississippi: 1 in 31 estimated actively infectious
🔥Michigan: 1 in 41
*Both states w/limited data though

Rates are quite low in relative terms in California, AZ, FL, HI, ID, MA, NV, NY, OR, RI, UT, WI

🧵THREAD 2 of 8 Alabama	Very Low Alaska	Very Low Arizona	Very Low Arkansas	Low* California	Very Low Colorado	Very Low Connecticut	Low Delaware	Moderate District of Columbia	Low Florida	Very Low Georgia	Very Low Guam	Very Low Hawaii	Very Low Idaho	Very Low Illinois	Very Low Indiana	Low Iowa	Moderate Kansas	Low Kentucky	Moderate Louisiana	Low Maine	Very Low Maryland	Moderate Massachusetts	Very Low Michigan	High* Minnesota	Moderate Mississippi	High* Missouri	Low Montana	Very Low Nebraska	Low Nevada	Very Low New Hampshire	Low* New Jersey	Low New Mexico	Very Low New York	Very Low North Carolina	Low North Dakota...
The 6th anniversary of the WHO's pandemic declaration was March 11.

Bots, minimizers, & individuals' psychological defense mechanisms will downplay that.

Yet, the U.S. just had a 12th wave. We estimate >5 cumulative infections/person & ongoing health harms.

🧵THREAD 3 of 8 Graph of the 12 waves of the pandemic (U.S.)
Read 8 tweets
Mar 14
As of today, the COVID-19 pandemic is now longer than WWII.
If you have been living in denial the past 6 years, know that the U.S. is winding down from a 12th wave of infections presently.
Denial is but one of several obvious defense mechanisms people use to try to block their awareness of the ongoing toll of COVID-19. There are many others.

Short-term capital also plays a role, but even that requires a large dose of defense mechanisms.

Read 7 tweets
Jan 25
During this 12th COVlD wave, the CDC reports 1-in-3 states have "High" or "Very High" levels.

PMC estimates the proportion of residents actively infectious (prevalence):
◾️USA: 1 in 67
◾️IA: 1 in 27
◾️MI: 1 in 25
◾️IN & CT: 1 in 23
◾️ME: 1 in 21
◾️OK & SD: 1 in 17

🧵1/ Heat map using CDC data. National PMC prevalence estimate noted; estimated incidence of 732,000 new daily infections.
On average, Americans have have 5.0 cumulative SARS-CoV-2 infections.

This week's infections are expected to result in 1/4 to 1 million new #LongCOVID conditions and ≈2,000 excess deaths.
🧵2/ Column 1: Table of state-level prevalence estimates. Highest estimates noted in the thread text.  Column 2:  Proportion Actively Infectious										1 in 67 (1.5%) New Daily Infections										 732,000  Infections the Past Week										 5,220,000  Infections in 2026										 24,000,000  Cumulative Infections per Person										 5.04  										 Long COVID										 Long COVID Cases Resulting								37,000 to 146,000		   from New Daily Infections										 Long COVID Cases Resulting								261,000 to 1,040,000		   from New Weekly Infections										 										 Excess Deaths										 Ex...
The wave peak is now estimated >10% higher than last week at 1.2 million new daily infections, nearly double the Delta wave.

We expect sustained high transmission (≈600,000 to 750,000 new daily infections) the next few weeks as COVlD circulates through schools/families.
🧵3/ Fig 1: Graph of 12 waves  Fig 2: "Barometer" showing above average transmission  Fig 3: Year-over-year graph, which informs the analytic forecast  Fig 4: Forecast described in post
Read 4 tweets

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