Hezbollah Pager Operation. A few personal thoughts.
1) Historic & unprecedented. I cannot find a similar intelligence/military operation with such secrecy, lethality, ingenuity, audacity, impact. While there have been other major intelligence operations in war (breaking Enigma, various spies inside governments) or surprise attacks (D-Day, Pearl Harbor, Inchon landing) but nothing so targeted lethal use of force, precise - proportionate & distinction, as many enemy hit, over such a wide geographic area.
2) Physical Impactful. In a single operation, the terrorist group Hezbollah was significantly impacted. Not only in physical injuries - unknown but reported in the thousands. The attack also exposed the Hezbollah network not just in Lebanon but in other places in the Middle East where Hezbollah agents or affiliated agents were carrying this specific pager issued by Hezbollah.
3) Psychological impact. War is a contest of will. It includes psychology and emotion. The psychological impact is massive. Hezbollah cannot trust their equipment, cannot communicate (rumored to have switched to pager out of concerns Israel was monitoring their comms), will likely change many elements of their operations with the potential to make further mistakes that can be exploited. With a single push of a button, fear was produced in mass in Hezbollah forces.
4) Timing. Why now? There will forever remain a lot of unanswered questions about the pager operation. War is fought within many interconnected domains of influence. Hezbollah is an Islamic Regime in Iran proxy force in Lebanon that has been been directly and continuously attacking Israel since October 8th. But Israel is fighting many enemies on many fronts. What it does and when it does it must factor many stakeholders to include their enemies, allies, domestic & international populations/context, other plans, other ongoing operations.
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
Let's review my research and scholarship on Israel's operations against Hamas in Gaza since some new people (Hi, nice to meet you) are - he is only xx, was only xx in service, has only studied xx.
My bio is public knowledge. I served 25 yrs active duty as an infantry soldier, NCO, officer with 2 year long combat tours in Iraq. I started studying urban warfare academically in 2014 while assigned to the Chief of Staff of the Army's Strategic Studies Group looking at megacities and advising him (top 4 star general of the U.S. Army) on our research. I have served as Chair of Urban Warfare Studies @WarInstitute since retiring from active duty in 2018. johnspenceronline.com/bio
I am also the Director of Urban Warfare Training, as a Colonel in the California State Guard, with the 40th Infantry Division, co-leading and instructing in the 40th ID annual Urban Operations Planner Course, the only division/brigade level specific urban warfare course.
I find myself in conversations about post-conflict or after major fighting operations often now. How a military actually fights an insurgency. Emplaces a new power & works to create stability, while preventing the previous power from reemerging. people want simple frameworks. 🧵
Most people have heard of the clear, hold, build framework. But even within that there are other frameworks that were used as “ways.”
Anaconda strategy. A recreation of the American Civil War, General Winfield Scotts’ Anaconda Approach to choke out (cut resources) to the Confederacy.
Israel has done more to prevent civilian casualties in war than any military in history — above & beyond what international law requires & more than the US did in its wars in Iraq & Afghanistan -- setting a standard that will be both hard & potentially problematic to repeat. 🧵
Here (again for all the not so expert ‘experts’) are many of the measures and steps the IDF have taken 👇
1 - Evacuated civilians out of cities to a high % (70-90%) before beginning a full ground invasion in conventional attacks that seek to destroy enemy defenders. The U.S. did not do this in the invasion of Iraq, Afghanistan, Panama, Vietnam Tet Counter offensive (Hue), Korean War (Seoul), Philippines (Manila), nor the attacks during counterinsurgencies campaigns against ISIS such as 2016-2017 Battle of Mosul (civilians initially told to stay), 2017 Raqqa.
I have delivered aid in war zones. It was one of the most frightening situations I experienced. 🧵
I was a young platoon leader in 2003. It was a month after jumping into Iraq and I was tasked to take my infantry platoon and escort a water truck to a distribute water to a neighborhood in Kirkuk Iraq. We had a plan.
But, it did not take long for the crowd that showed up with their water bottles to turn into a mob. No matter the commands to form a line, back up, the crowd would not, they crowded the security trucks yelling at them, making the soldiers extremely nervous.
ICYMI - Hospitals are protected sites under the laws of armed conflict, but cannot be "Off limits." 🧵
Hospitals are one of the many civilian objects provided a special level of protection in war under the law of armed conflict. Other civilian objects include mosques, churches, and cultural sites. But hospitals stand above the rest as both sensitive and protected sites.
Not only do hospital buildings have special protection but the medical transportation, staff, and wounded inside them also have protections under international law. As a rule, hospitals should not be attacked, except under a few expectations.
Hospitals are protected sites under the laws of armed conflict, but cannot be "Off limits." 🧵
Hospitals are one of the many civilian objects provided a special level of protection in war under the law of armed conflict. Other civilian objects include mosques, churches, and cultural sites. But hospitals stand above the rest as both sensitive and protected sites.
Not only do hospital buildings have special protection but the medical transportation, staff, and wounded inside them also have protections under international law. As a rule, hospitals should not be attacked, except under a few expectations.