Russia transformed its border with Ukraine over the past two years with multiple lines of defenses.
Russian forces continue expanding fortifications along this border and within occupied Ukraine. This update adds newly mapped Russian positions found in satellite imagery. (1/5)
An example of Russia expanding defenses along the border with Ukraine is visible near Pokachevo (Belgorod oblast) where new fortifications were recently constructed. (2/5)
Closer to the front line, Russian forces are adding to existing networks of defenses.
For example, fortifications near Novofedorivka (Zaporizhzhia oblast) were expanded over the past month. (3/5)
Throughout the summer, Russian forces have worked to close gaps in their defensive lines and expand existing fortifications along highways in occupied Ukraine.
This updated map shows many of Russia's new fortifications and links each to satellite imagery. (1/5)
In Zaporizhzhia oblast, Russian forces expanded fortifications outside Andriivka.
These defenses intersect the T0815 highway which leads further south in Russian-occupied Ukraine. (2/5)
Over the past month, Russian forces connected existing defensive lines near Kodema in Donetsk oblast (about 15 kilometers southeast of Bakhmut). (3/5)