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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Sep 20 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
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"Long COVID is NOT THE SAME for EVERYONE: a hierarchical cluster analysis of Long COVID symptoms 9 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 test"

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
Image
2) This study looked at the different types of long-term COVID-19 symptoms people experience. The researchers identified 4 main groups or "clusters" of symptoms:
- Mild or no symptoms - This was the largest group, with people having few or very minor lingering issues. Image
3) - Multiple symptoms - People in this group had a wide range of ongoing problems, like fatigue, across different body systems. They tended to be older and have more pre-existing health conditions.
- Joint and muscle pain - This group mainly had joint and muscle aches ... Image
4) ...often along with fatigue.
- Memory and concentration problems - The main symptoms for this group were memory loss and difficulty concentrating.

The clusters were similar at 9 and 12 months after the initial COVID-19 infection ... Image
5) ... though some symptom frequencies changed over time. This shows long COVID can affect people in very different ways, so treatments need to be tailored to the specific symptoms someone is experiencing.

Thanks for reading 🙏 Image

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Sep 21
If YOU WERE a VIRUS, would you PRIORITIZE REPLICATING EXTENSIVELY WITHIN a SINGLE HOST (within-host replication) or, FOCUS on SPREADING to the MAXIMUM number of INDIVIDUALS (between-host transmissibility) ?

▶️ ANSWER(S) in this long thread🧵 Image
2) To explore various concepts on this topic and address the question, we referred to three studies :

The first study is the most recent,
"Phylogenetic signatures reveal multilevel selection and fitness costs in SARS-CoV-2"
wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/9-85/…
4) The second study is a key reference whose some graphs we will use for illustration,
"Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 within-host evolutionary rates in persistently infected individuals"

and the third study provides a broader perspective on this issue. medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Image
Read 14 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Sep 21
SARS-COV-2 VARIANTS exhibited DISTINCT VIRAL LOAD DYNAMICS and RECOVERY RATES 💯☝️
(layman terms)

publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e54861
Image
2) The study looks at how the levels of the virus (viral load) change over time in people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, specifically the Alpha and Omicron variants.

To measure viral load, the researchers used a test called a PCR test, which gives a "Ct value". Image
3) The Ct value tells you how much virus is present - the lower the Ct value, the more virus there is.
The researchers developed a model to track how the Ct values, and therefore the viral load, changes as people go from being infected but not showing symptoms (presymptomatic).. Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Sep 21
The virus SARS-COV-2, SAYS "THANK YOU" to its HOSTS, the HUMANS
... for providing a key epigenetic regulator, that the virus has learned to imitate for its own advantage 🤔
(Weekend thread)

Let me explain this incredible mechanism ...🤫 Image
2) The SARS-CoV-2 virus has found a clever way to copy a important part of the human cell. This important part is called histones, which are proteins that help control how the cell's genes are used. Image
3) By copying or imitating these histones, the virus is able to disrupt the normal controls the human cell has over its genes. This allows the virus to take over the cell and use it to make more copies of itself. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Sep 21
Why SARS-CoV2 INFECTION RAPIDLY EXHAUSTS and ACCELERATES SENESCENCE in CD8 and CD4 T cells ?

Since this study is paywalled, we try to provide you with a comprehensive summary 🤗
academic.oup.com/jleukbio/advan…
Image
2) The researchers conducted two studies, a cross-sectional study (included 149 individuals from Brazil) and a longitudinal study (8 individuals from Brazil and 10 from Portugal), to compare T cell exhaustion/senescence in COVID-19 vs. other respiratory infections and track ... Image
3) ... progression in mild/moderate vs. severe COVID-19 providing insights into the unique immunological impact of SARS-CoV-2.
They found that COVID-19, unlike other respiratory infections, increases exhaustion and senescence in CD4 and CD8 T cells, especially in severe cases.
Read 11 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Sep 21
The PANDEMIC is FAR FROM OVER, BUT WE ARE HERE 👇 Image
2) Thanks to @Ikat0 for the graph and this interesting blog.

The article discusses Anthony Downs's "issue-attention cycle," which explains how public interest in social issues rises and falls. It shows that events like George Floyd's murder grab attentionblogs.lse.ac.uk/lseupr/2023/01…
3) ...but soon fade away. This happens because most people feel no more affected by these problems, and addressing them would require sacrifices from those who benefit from the current situation.
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Sep 21
New study about the EFFECT of SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION on SPERM PARAMETERS

Meta-analysis + mega-thread
spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/2…
Image
2) This study examined how COVID-19 infection affects sperm quality in men. The researchers analyzed data from 14 studies involving over 1,000 participants. They found that COVID-19 was linked to decreased sperm motility (movement) and concentration. Image
3) When looking at men who recovered less than 90 days ago, the study showed their sperm volume, concentration, and motility were significantly lower compared to uninfected men. The negative effects of COVID-19 on sperm may be temporary and improve over time as the body recovers. Image
Read 5 tweets

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