🧵Reading under Toropets’ hashes

1/7 The Ukrainian strike on Toropets may have been one of the most successful attacks on an ammunition depot since the start of the war. The reasons behind this success are still under scrutiny. Many are discussing the potential use of the Storm Shadow missile or the large number of drones, possibly up to 100. It's clear there also has been incompetence within the Russian army.Image
2/7 First of all, while everyone is rushing to see the ashes, I spent some time examining how this site was built. The initial information we have gathered from 2013 to 2018 indicates that the forest ground has not been excavated. Soil has been moved, and construction started in a big rush. This is a problem because to offer more protection, you would dig a few meters into the ground and then build your concrete shell.Image
3/7 This is a 30 by 40-meter ECM. You can see the construction phases: first, the perimeter walls are erected, then the roof. You can appreciate the complete lack of excavation, as the construction is done on the ground. The last phase is the construction of the flat roof, which looks like a flat reinforced concrete roof with a rough estimate of 2.5 meters. It's very peculiar that there are eight venting ports.Image
4/7 In this diagram, I present the schematics of ECM components and their designs in NATO countries. Regardless of whether it is an arch or box design, it is essential, particularly for non-buried ECM, to have a minimum of 600 mm of soil cover. Additionally, blast doors should be utilized, along with sturdy pillars, and vents should be located at the front. You can now view a picture of one of the ECMs in Toropets. These do not have blast doors, and from the next diagram, you can observe that due to the design, there will be minimal soil on the roof.Image
5/7 The more recent images of Toropets showcase this point vividly. There is hardly any trace of soil on the roof, just stained concrete. This is significant because ECMs are categorised based on their protective capabilities, and these features are crucial. The absence of excavation, significantly thick walls, and adequate soil cover makes these ECMs more vulnerable than intended, but certainly cheaper for the construction company.Image
6/7 The interesting thing about this situation is that it is not an isolated design flaw. Not far from Toropets, there is another recently finished ammunition depot, called Kotovo, in Novgorodskaya oblast. To be brief, the construction process is the same - there is inadequate excavation, poor use of embankment to protect other ECMs, and nearly absence of roof soil, which ultimately fails to deter penetrating warheads from doing their job.Image
7/7 This is just a preliminary study on this topic, which I plan to delve deeper into in the coming weeks. For now, it can be concluded that Russia may have tried to protect its critical assets through this approach, possibly to cut costs or due to corruption. However, dishonesty and corruption cannot defy the laws of physics, and eventually, they will have consequences.

A big thanks to the entire team @tochnyi we are working on this and many other important topics so do not lose one by going on our website.
tochnyi.info

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More from @HartreeFock

Mar 22
⚡️Engels-2 Airbase strike: Beyond the clouds

1. The recent strike on the Engels-2 Airbase, specifically the attack on the ammunition depots containing the critical KH-101, has been very successful. There are several reasons behind this success, one is:

GEOINTImage
2. Based on the information currently available is possible to understand that the attack was actuated with the use of solely slow-moving drones. The key strength of this system is its ability to change path and follow long elusive trajectories. Image
3. If we analyse the map with some of the key information we gathered in @tochnyi it is possible to see that at very least two AD sites are present. The 2 sites are equipped with S400 operated by the 511th. However, the one further away from the airbase has been emptied (-4 S400) Image
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Jan 24
Are UAV attacks on Russia effective?
1. I’m writing a short thread to address questions from @GrandpaRoy2 and other users from my recent short thread. Please note that my information relies on OSINT data and personal technical knowledge, so take it with a grain of salt.Image
2. The attacks involve specific platforms that have evolved through ongoing efforts to enhance Ukraine's long-range drone capabilities in terms of range, payload, manoeuvrability, and production. Image
3. It's important to recognize that the statistics on UAV strikes within Russian territory are affected by the ongoing advancements in these platforms. This gives Ukraine a gradually improving capability to conduct deeper and more impactful strikes.
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Jan 14
1. Strike on the Bryansk Chemical plant

On 13 January 2025, news accompanied by video about a strike on the Bryansk Chemical plant emerged rapidly. The few videos show explosions in the distance, with no sound of drones, and several hits allegedly reported ATACMS.Image
2. The absence of incoming drones and no air defence is evident. Hits in sequence are followed by larger explosions, indicating a potential ballistic attack. A jet engine noise is heard at 2:12, possibly caused by noise distortion from the explosions.
3. This plant has been under observation for the last few months for a series of reasons, the first is the expansion activities (highlighted in red), which satellite images have captured. This shows a clear change in the landscape, with significant clearing of the area. Image
Read 11 tweets
Nov 26, 2024
📝 Reaching further and without limits

1. Long-range strike (LRS) weapons have emerged as a critical element in Ukraine’s war strategy, enabling precision strikes on Russian military infrastructure, logistics, and command structures.Image
2. Long-range strike weapons provide strategic impacts beyond the battlefield by targeting critical locations behind enemy lines. Their main functions include counter-population, strategic interdiction, counter-leadership, and counterforce. tochnyi.info/2024/11/reachi…
3. Within a 300 km range, our map highlights numerous high-value targets concentrated along Russia’s western border and adjacent to Ukraine. These include critical ammo depots, such as those near Belgorod and Kursk, which are vital for supplying frontline operations. Image
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Read 39 tweets
Nov 22, 2024
🧵Russian IRBM attack on Dnipro

1. It is always important to let the dust settle before making any analysis in these cases. Regarding the attack on Dnipro, we can say it is highly likely that it is not very significant for the kinetic aspect of the war in Ukraine.
2. In the first hours following the attack, many people, myself included, believed it was an ICBM. However, thanks to @John_A_Ridge and the initial information provided, we can confirm that it was actually an IRBM (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile). While this distinction is important, it is also a minor one.Image
3. First and foremost, why is it important to determine whether it was an ICBM or not? Understanding this distinction is crucial for gaining a clearer picture of the motivations behind the attack in the first place. Many agree that the primary reason for the attack was political. Image
Read 9 tweets
Oct 9, 2024
1/n The 67th Arsenal of GRAU (53° 8’34.42″N 34°57’5.27″E ) successfully strike tonight has been covered in our latest research article on @tochnyi . Let’s have a look together on what it is, and why it is important.

tochnyi.info/2024/10/attack…
2/n the 67th Arsenal of GRAU is what we classify as a class 2 depot. It has mostly Soviet-era buildings and a series of old ECMs. The site is within the 500 km range from the Ukrainian border. Has a vast tree coverage and a substantial surface area. Image
3/n This site is a class 2 due to the presence of Soviet-era ECM highlighted in red. It also shows the presence of large ammunition stocks in open air, highlighted in green, most of these are surrounded by soil embankments. The last feature is the vast use of above ground magazine. These however, are just warehouses with no sign of reinforcement. In some cases, these have minimal to no perimeter walls (highlighted in violet) and are mostly intended to protect ammunition from environmental conditions.Image
Read 4 tweets

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