2) This study examined how co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus can impact the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The key findings are:
- 2% of COVID-19 patients in the study area also had dengue virus infection. These co-infected patients showed more severe symptoms ..
3) ...like headaches and loss of smell/taste.
- Genetic analysis revealed the co-infected patients had significantly more mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to those with COVID-19 alone.
4) - Mathematical modeling estimated that the emergence of the Delta variant required about 9-12 more mutations than earlier variants, while the Omicron variant accumulated about 19 more mutations than Delta.
5) - The increased mutations in co-infected cases suggest the compromised immune system allows the virus to adapt and evolve more easily. This could lead to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially when dengue and COVID-19 are circulating together.
6) - Ongoing monitoring of viral mutations and studying co-infection effects are important to anticipate and prepare for potential future SARS-CoV-2 variant outbreaks.
There are some limitations in this study as the potential underestimation of coinfection prevalence,
7) ...the small coinfection sample size and the limited clinical data.
Thanks for reading 🙏
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The EnCORE study tracked SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and incidence among 2-17 year olds in Montreal, Canada over 5 rounds from October 2020 to June 2023.
3) In the final round:
- 98% had antibodies from either infection or vaccination
- 78% HAD ANTIBODIES from PRIOR INFECTION (infection-acquired seroprevalence)
- The infection incidence rate was 113 per 100 person-years.
Finally, CONSIDERING the SIGNIFICANT NUMBER of REINFECTIONS 💯👍
From the SIR model (Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered) to the SIRVB model (Susceptible, Infectious, Recovered, Vaccinated, Breakthrough) medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2) This study introduces an updated model, called SIRVB, to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic over the past 4 years. This model builds on earlier ones used in teaching, improving their ability to explain the later stages of the pandemic.
3) The key aspect of the SIRVB model is its inclusion of "breakthrough" infections - where previously immune people get infected again. By accounting for this, the model can better track the pandemic's dynamics, especially as social restrictions were lifted.
LONGITUDINAL FECAL SHEDDING of SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus, and human mitochondrial DNA in COVID-19 patients
Most participants shed the virus within 3 weeks after diagnosis, but some still shed the virus between 20 and 60 days after diagnosis ! frontiersin.org/journals/medic…
2) This study examined how long COVID-19 patients shed the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as two other markers, in their stool over time.
The key findings are:
- Most hospitalized patients shed SARS-CoV-2 virus in their stool for up to 3 weeks after diagnosis, but ...
3) ... some continued shedding for up to 2 months.
- Outpatients had much lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 detected in their stool, likely due to delays in sample collection.
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus was found at high levels in the positive stool samples.
2) This study examined how the plasma proteome (proteins in the blood) changes in vaccinated and unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 patients over 10 months.
During acute infection, unvaccinated patients showed strong inflammatory and immune responses while ...
3) ...vaccinated patients had adaptive immune responses with less inflammation.
Even months later, unvaccinated patients still had some ongoing inflammation and immune activation, while both groups had reduced levels of proteins involved in normal cell functions and signaling.
2) This review discusses the current understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiology of long COVID, a recognized chronic condition caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It covers the epidemiology, clinical features, and proposed biological drivers of long COVID ...
3) ...including:
- Viral persistence: SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigens may persist in tissues like the gut, contributing to chronic inflammation and symptoms.
Children under the age of five infected with SARS-CoV-2 produce lower levels of some immune cells than older children and adults do.
(Thanks to my friend @DavidJoffe64 for this study 🙏) science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
2) The study found that young children under 5 years old have some key differences in their immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 compared to older children and adults. These differences may help explain why young children are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness.
3) During acute infection, preschool-aged children had weaker SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses. T cells play a critical role in coordinating the overall immune response and controlling viral infections.