in conf. room w/ olive oil 🫒 aerosol released like breathing 🧘♀️
RESULT (vs 6.4 ACH 🌪️ alone):
-77 % (less) aerosol @ CLOSE-UP
+5% aerosol @ LONG-RANGE
(1/4)
+5% increase in long-range exposure with ceiling fans at 6.4 ACH 🐇 was still 80% lower than at 1.6 ACH 🐌
For future experiments:
What would the reduction in exposure be at 12 ACH 🐎 like on passenger airplanes ✈️ ?
(2/4)
PLACEMENT of people relative to fans seems to matter a lot.
Berkeley result (-77%) with mannequins offset from fan is significantly less than another result from Singapore (~95%) in which mannequins were placed direct under the ceiling fan.
Not too surprising that pollution 🔥 💨🚬 🚘 (PM 2.5) is linked to lung 🫁 cancer, but why would it increase risk of ANY CANCER?
“for every 10 microgram per cubic meter (µg/m3) of increased exposure to PM2.5, risk of dying from any cancer rose by 22 percent.”
“The study enrolled 66,280 residents of Hong Kong, all of whom were age 65 or older when initially recruited between 1998 and 2001. The researchers followed the study subjects until 2011, ascertaining causes of death from Hong Kong registrations.”
“For cancers of the upper digestive tract 🍽️, the mortality risk was 42 percent higher. For cancers of the accessory digestive organs, which include the liver, bile ducts, gall bladder, and pancreas, the mortality risk was 35 percent higher.”
VOC Step #1: As an upgrade from N95, P100 respirators with VOC cartridges like this one from GVS, also 3M and others can protect from chemical vapors. amazon.com/GVS-SPR485-Eli…
@PPEtoheros put together a comprehensive explainer on P100 respirators with VOC protection added
Caltech: “…preliminary data from particulate samplers located in Pico Rivera, south of Caltech's campus in Pasadena show significant amounts of both chlorine (from burning plastics like PVC) and lead in the air. (These samplers do not measure asbestos.)”
“In addition to particulate, smoke contains a huge diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are the source of much of what we are smelling in the air now.”
“Our homes, apartments, and offices may continue to smell of smoke for a month or more. Homes have lots of porous surfaces (and carpets/rugs), and semi-volatile compounds end up accumulating in these materials.”
BIG NEWS: Yesterday California public health 🥑 just recommended to at least 5 air changes per hour in ALL ROOMS (occupied). Seismic. 🌎
Not just classrooms, but also evacuation centers, offices, homes, too. In agreement with CDC (May, 2023)
“Given all of this information, CDPH is currently aligned with CDC and experts in recommending a minimum of 5 air changes per hour or 30 CFM/occupant of equivalent clean airflow, whichever is greater, in occupied indoor environments.”
“That air that’s being spewed is no longer just the kind of smoke that we used to see from wildfires, where it was natural vegetation that was burning,” said Becerra, a former California Attorney General. “Now you got a whole bunch of toxic materials that are getting burned and put into the air.”
“It’s just a toxic soup,” Lisa Miller, a wildfire smoke expert at the University of California, Davis told NPR. “Think of all the synthetic fibers that are present in your living room—in your couch, in your carpet, in your clothes. All those things can be particularly toxic,” she said.
Clear explanation of CO2 vs ACH vs viral emissions in room by @ukhadds:
1. CO2 tracks occupant breathing (b/c ~4% of exhaled is CO2), but only indirectly tracks infector viral emission depending on if infector is there, how active (e.g. speaking, working out), and if masking.
2. CO2 can be used to estimate the air changes per hour (ACH) from ventilation only but not from air filtration (such as on airplanes). Air filtration reduces SARS-CoV-2 risk by removing aerosols but without decreasing CO2.
3. However higher CO2 lowers acidity of exhaled aerosols and extends % of SARS-CoV-2 in air remaining infectious over time potentially needing slightly higher filtration rate to compensate for extra risk versus equivalent rate of outdoor ventilation (eACH). By how much? Unclear.