in conf. room w/ olive oil 🫒 aerosol released like breathing 🧘♀️
RESULT (vs 6.4 ACH 🌪️ alone):
-77 % (less) aerosol @ CLOSE-UP
+5% aerosol @ LONG-RANGE
(1/4)
+5% increase in long-range exposure with ceiling fans at 6.4 ACH 🐇 was still 80% lower than at 1.6 ACH 🐌
For future experiments:
What would the reduction in exposure be at 12 ACH 🐎 like on passenger airplanes ✈️ ?
(2/4)
PLACEMENT of people relative to fans seems to matter a lot.
Berkeley result (-77%) with mannequins offset from fan is significantly less than another result from Singapore (~95%) in which mannequins were placed direct under the ceiling fan.
UNFINISHED BUSINESS: ASHRAE 241, CDC 5 ACH are good, but not good enough, to stop viral 🦠 puffs 💨 .
Why?
Explained: Science published my eLetter, “Ventilation alone cannot address close-contact airborne transmission: dilution of exhalations is also needed” w/ @RanuDhillon
My eLetter was responding to Science article by global IAQ experts on lessons learned from Covid pandemic.
They did not say how airborne virus 🦠 depends critically on the distance 📏 to infector if they are not wearing N95 or similar science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
In fact, we quoted directly from original author’s earlier paper:
“The distance x between infector and susceptible in the “jet zone” (less than 6 feet) was identified as the main determinant of the concentration of pathogens from human respiratory activities and infection risk”
Kudos to authors and anon peer-reviewers for achieving clarity + precision 🙏🏽.
Lot to LOVE in here 🎶.
But also some fatally FLAWED assumptions ☠️
Details below. First love 👍 then flaws 👎
h/t @effiegreathouse
Bottom line up front: 241 is a SOLID contribution to MODELING airborne transmission indoors.
I am curious to see same modeling but with different assumptions as outlined below. Full paper here: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
LOVE #1 👍: it is laser-focused on reducing “LONG-RANGE disease transmission in the spaces in building 🏠 that can be occupied.” This is especially important for super spreading such as the Skaggit Valley event in 2020
Not too surprising that pollution 🔥 💨🚬 🚘 (PM 2.5) is linked to lung 🫁 cancer, but why would it increase risk of ANY CANCER?
“for every 10 microgram per cubic meter (µg/m3) of increased exposure to PM2.5, risk of dying from any cancer rose by 22 percent.”
“The study enrolled 66,280 residents of Hong Kong, all of whom were age 65 or older when initially recruited between 1998 and 2001. The researchers followed the study subjects until 2011, ascertaining causes of death from Hong Kong registrations.”
“For cancers of the upper digestive tract 🍽️, the mortality risk was 42 percent higher. For cancers of the accessory digestive organs, which include the liver, bile ducts, gall bladder, and pancreas, the mortality risk was 35 percent higher.”
VOC Step #1: As an upgrade from N95, P100 respirators with VOC cartridges like this one from GVS, also 3M and others can protect from chemical vapors. amazon.com/GVS-SPR485-Eli…
@PPEtoheros put together a comprehensive explainer on P100 respirators with VOC protection added
Caltech: “…preliminary data from particulate samplers located in Pico Rivera, south of Caltech's campus in Pasadena show significant amounts of both chlorine (from burning plastics like PVC) and lead in the air. (These samplers do not measure asbestos.)”
“In addition to particulate, smoke contains a huge diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are the source of much of what we are smelling in the air now.”
“Our homes, apartments, and offices may continue to smell of smoke for a month or more. Homes have lots of porous surfaces (and carpets/rugs), and semi-volatile compounds end up accumulating in these materials.”