They infected 34 young volunteers unvaccinated, and provide the first evidence that even MILD COVID-19 can HAVE LASTING EFFECTS on certain MENTAL ABILITIES, even in people who don't feel they have cognitive problems.
2) Before summarizing this study, let me address the controversial practice of infecting volunteers with a dangerous virus, which consistently elicits scandalized reactions.
The study is classified as a "human challenge study," where volunteers are intentionally infected ...
3) ...with a pathogen under controlled conditions. It received approval from the UK Health Research Authority's Ad Hoc Specialist Ethics Committee and was monitored by a medical oversight committee and an independent data and safety monitoring board.
4) Despite the ethical concerns surrounding deliberate infection, the study followed proper review and oversight to ensure ethical procedures and minimize risks to participants.
I do not intend to assess the compliance with the study's protocol or ethics; rather, my goal is ...
5) ... just to provide a straightforward summary and present the results of the study.
They found that young, healthy volunteers who were infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 virus performed worse on cognitive tests compared to those who were not infected ...
6)... even up to a year later. The infected group showed small but persistent problems with memory and problem-solving tasks, despite not reporting any subjective cognitive issues.
7) This provides the first evidence from a controlled study that even mild COVID-19 can have lasting effects on certain mental abilities, even in people who don't feel they have cognitive problems.
8) The clinical significance of these subtle changes is still unclear, but the study demonstrates the value of using sensitive cognitive assessments to detect impacts that individuals may not notice themselves.
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Effects of various interventions administered during the acute or post-acute phase of COVID-19 to prevent post-COVID condition (PCC). A systematic review update of 24 studies 💯👍 medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2) The review found moderate certainty evidence that convalescent plasma does not reduce the risk of PCC in outpatients.
There was low certainty evidence that probiotics and metformin may reduce the risk of PCC in outpatients to a small-to-moderate extent.
3) Ivermectin, antivirals, steroids, and therapeutic-dose heparin were not be effective for preventing PCC.
For secondary outcomes, the review found low certainty evidence that antivirals may reduce the risk of psychopathology, and ...
CAN WE INFECT VOLUNTEERS with a DANGEROUS VIRUS such as SARS-CoV-2 for SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH?
Following the feedback on a study (in which I was the only one to note clearly that 34 individuals had been infected) I would like to address this matter by highlighting 5 key points.
2) First, it's essential to maintain perspective.
When millions of children are infected by attending schools without proper ventilation, when countless employees in customer-facing jobs are infected because they are not allowed to wear masks ...
3) ...when numerous patients contract COVID-19 in hospitals lacking adequate protection, ...
I might struggle to worry for few volunteers who willingly chose to be infected, especially when compared to the millions who had no choice in the matter.
NEUROINVASIVE and NEUROVIRULENT POTENTIAL of SARS-CoV-2
How COVID-19 affects the nervous system, even when respiratory symptoms are mild biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
2) This study looked at how SARS-CoV-2 affects the brains of ferrets. Ferrets are used as a model for mild COVID-19 symptoms.
The researchers found that while the virus was able to get into the respiratory tissues of the ferrets ...
3) ... it did not significantly infect the brain itself. However, the virus still caused changes in the brain.
Specifically, the researchers saw increased activity of microglia, which are the immune cells of the brain. They also saw decreased activity of astrocytes ...
2) Bacterial infections often occur alongside COVID-19, making the disease more severe and increasing the risk of death. Common bacteria involved include Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter.
3) These bacteria can cause pneumonia and bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients, particularly those needing intensive care.
The widespread use of antibiotics during the pandemic has led to a worrying rise in drug-resistant bacteria.
The PROLONGED JOURNEY of SARS-COV-2 in ESTABLISHING ITSELF as the LEADING HUMAN PATHOGEN
(1st part)
Despite the widespread excitement that accompanies each emergence of a new variant, SARS-CoV-2 "steadily" and "quietly" remains on its path to dominance.
2) Before delving into the epistatic evolution of the virus across various threads, we would like to revisit the study for which we previously provided a brief summary.
3) The key points of this study are:
- Early in the pandemic, the emergence of major variants like Omicron BA.2 involved dramatic epistatic shifts - the effects of individual mutations changed dramatically compared to the original Wuhan strain.
IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION in 74 CHILDREN with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2, 30 with bacterial infection (SBI), 16 with viral infection (SVI), 8 with Kawasaki disease 😨 nature.com/articles/s4146…
2) RESULTS
The researchers found that in MIS-C, there was excessive activation and death of immune cells called neutrophils. This was also seen, to a lesser extent, in SBI. In contrast, children with SVI showed reduced signaling of immune proteins called interferons.
3) Importantly, the study identified two distinct patient groups - one with more extreme immune dysfunction, including signs of T cell exhaustion and overactive myeloid cells. This group had more severe illness in MIS-C.