The College Board just released this year's SAT scores!
I thought I'd go ahead and put everything in familiar terms and make some plots.
This thread will have a lot of pictures. First up: How did everyone do?
All of the typical race differences are there. Blacks did roughly 15 IQ points worse, Hispanics did about 10 points worse, Asians did similarly better, etc.
If we scale all that by the sizes of the populations who took the tests, we get this:
Another way to look at this data is to stack everyone into a single population, like so:
Alternatively, we can get a picture of tomorrow's elites and underclasses by looking at deciles.
The top decile is almost as Asian as it is White! Combined with limited local university prefs, this helps to explain why Asians have been displacing Whites at elite universities.
Now, you might wonder: Isn't the national data plagued by representativeness issues because of selection into testing?
Yes! But not in Michigan. In that state, practically everyone takes the test, so the results are more representative of its population.
In Michigan, the results are all quite similar, except Asians have noticeably higher variance.
The decile composition of Michigan is also far less Asian at the top, because Michigan is less Asian than the national sample and it has more Whites.
There are other states with representative sampling of their local populations, and D.C. is in that group too. There are also some states where practically everyone takes the ACT, and we definitely need to look at those results as well.
What about sex differences? Well those are always important, and they replicate the differences seen in other years!
Beyond the variance differences, we see that girls outperform boys in Michigan (representatively sampled) while underperforming nationally (selectively sampled).
Innovation is the backbone of modern economic growth, and without the Protestants, we probably wouldn't have it🧵
Consider the period of the Counter-Reformation. During this time, the Catholic Church set science back in the territories it governed:
Before the Counter-Reformation, Catholic and Protestant Europe were on similar scientific trajectories:
They produced comparable numbers of scientists, comparably important intellectuals, and comparable numbers of inventions.
But, seemingly overnight, Catholics started rampaging against intellectualism, and they had a focused impact on scientists, with no appreciable impacts on artists or other types of intellectuals.
Protestantism promoted the separation of Church and Science, so this makes sense.
If you give them a battery of tests built for LLMs or covering topics like U.S. History, you can end up with a model that is unidimensional, much like how human intelligence is:
I previously attempted to fit such a model and was unsuccessful because many LLMs are practically the same person, leading to a fitting failure.
These authors obviated that issue by pruning highly similar LLMs with DBSCAN and other means.
I have a pretty major update for one of my articles.
It has to do with Justice Jackson's comment that when Black newborns are delivered by Black doctors, they're much more likely to survive, justifying racially discriminatory admissions.
We now know she was wrong🧵
So if you don't recall, here's how Justice Jackson described the original study's findings.
She was wrong to describe it this way, because she mixed up percentage points with percentages, and she's referring to the uncontrolled rather than the fully-controlled effect.
After I saw her mention this, I looked into the study and found that its results all seemed to have p-values between 0.10 and 0.01.
More than thirty countries globally have automatic non-filing options for taxpayers.
Many people claim these help to make the tax system more fair by taking out tax hassle and guesswork.
But German data suggests they might make the tax system less progressive🧵
The first thing to note is that the lower the income, the greater the odds of not filing, with almost 90% of those earning just €10,000 choosing not to file.
At an income of about €50,000, the relationship asymptotes at roughly 30% non-filers.
Another thing to note is that, consistent with the tax system being progressive in general, lower-income individuals are entitled to refunds more often.