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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Sep 26, 2024 • 6 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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ALTERATIONS in the PLASMA PROTEOME (proteins in the blood) PERSIST TEN MONTHS after RECOVERY from MILD to MODERATE SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION !

frontiersin.org/journals/immun…
Image
2) This study examined how the plasma proteome (proteins in the blood) changes in vaccinated and unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 patients over 10 months.

During acute infection, unvaccinated patients showed strong inflammatory and immune responses while ... Image
3) ...vaccinated patients had adaptive immune responses with less inflammation.

Even months later, unvaccinated patients still had some ongoing inflammation and immune activation, while both groups had reduced levels of proteins involved in normal cell functions and signaling. Image
4) The researchers also found that factors beyond just vaccination, like age and disease severity, influenced the protein patterns in patients' blood. Image
5) They identified specific proteins linked to persistent symptoms and lung abnormalities months after infection which could be useful for understanding long-term effects of COVID-19. Image
6) Overall, the results show vaccination helps reduce the acute inflammatory response, but changes in the blood proteome can persist in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with potential implications for long-term health.

Thanks for reading 🙏 Image

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 9
When the virus SARS-COV-2 uses the main cities as hubs !

(This study analyzed over 130,000 COVID-19 virus samples collected in Massachusetts from November 2021 to January 2023) medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) SARS-CoV-2 leverages major cities as hubs to spread across regions. New variants are often first introduced into populous urban areas, which then act as central points for rapid dissemination to surrounding suburbs and other regional cities. Image
3) This urban-to-urban transmission outpaces spread to more isolated rural areas.

Cities facilitate SARS-CoV-2 spread due to high population density and travel connectivity. Certain demographics, like young adults in colleges, are early indicators of ... Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 8
They believed that these children were free of the SARS-COV-2 virus.

Unfortunately, it was lurking in the gut, leading to liver inflammation ! 😞
gut.bmj.com/content/early/…Image
2) The researchers found that the children with severe liver inflammation had very high levels of a type of immune cell called CD8 T-cells in their livers.

CD8 T-cells are important for fighting viral infections. When the body detects a virus, it activates these CD8 cells ... Image
3) ...to attack and kill the virus-infected cells.

In the case of these children, it seems the CD8 cells are still highly activated, even though the initial COVID-19 infection had already happened in the past. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 8
The brain has no choice but to reorganize itself after a COVID-19 infection. This is because the virus SARS-COV-2 has damaged certain parts of the brain.

(from a great french team from Nancy and Marseille !)

ejnmmires.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…Image
2) When parts of the brain are damaged, the rest of the brain has to work harder to compensate. It has to find new ways for different regions to communicate and work together.

The brain is very adaptable and resilient. It can reorganize its connections and functions to try ...
3) ...to overcome the damage caused by COVID-19. This process of reorganization is the brain's way of adapting and recovering as best it can.

However, this reorganization doesn't always happen perfectly. The brain's new connections and functions may not work as efficiently ... Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 6
The SNEAKY SPIKE :
How the COVID-19 Virus Uses Its Large, Flexible, Clever Spike Protein to Infect Our Cells

An explanation for KIDS using LEGO as a tool. Image
2) The COVID-19 virus has a special part on its outside called the spike protein, which is kind of like a key that the virus uses to unlock and get into our cells.

But the spike protein on the COVID-19 virus is different from the spike proteins on other viruses. Image
3) It's a lot bigger and longer, and it's stuck inside a soft, squishy membrane around the outside of the virus.

Imagine you have a bunch of Lego bricks - some of them might be small and simple, while others are big and complex, with lots of different pieces. Image
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 6
SARS-COV-2, the MASTER of ESCAPE !

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved two clever strategies to avoid being detected and neutralized by the body's immune system.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac…Image
2) ▶️ Mutations in the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) allow the virus to escape antibodies that target this region.

▶️ The virus binds to a blood protein called fibrinogen using the spike protein's N-terminal domain (NTD). Image
3) Fibrinogen is a protein that helps form blood clots. It is found in high levels in the lungs and brains of COVID-19 patients.

The NTD is a relatively stable part of the spike protein that is a common target for antibodies that can neutralize the virus.
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Apr 4
How many spike proteins are in our body during each SARS-CoV-2 infection, and how many stay in our organs after three infections?

500,000,000,000 spike proteins ?

I haven't found a clear answer in the nearly 10,000 studies that I shared on X/Twitter since the pandemic began. Image
2) Although I never pretend to be an expert on this topic, I decided to take a chance and estimate this number. I welcome any constructive criticism you might have.

First, the human body has about 37.2 trillion cells, though this number can change based on size, age, and health. Image
3) Many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, can interact with our cells in complex ways.

One study tried to estimate the number of viral particles during an infection and found it to be around 10 billion.
Read 13 tweets

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