🧵1) Israel's killing of Hassan Nasrallah is hugely consequential for the Middle East. Hezbollah is the crown jewel of the Islamic Republic of Iran-the one effective enterprise Iran’s revolutionaries have built since 1979-and Nasrallah has been crucial to Iran’s power expansion.
2 Arab Hezbollah has been Persian Iran’s bridge to the five failing Arab states-Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Iraq, and Gaza-that Tehran has been dominating. Iran provides the resources, but it was often Hezbollah, under Nasrallah’s leadership, that set up and trained these proxies.
3 Hezbollah had already experienced more leadership deaths in the last four months than over the last four decades. In a recent piece, @firasmaksad evoked Lenin: “There are decades when nothing happens, and there are weeks when decades happen.” time.com/7023965/lebano…
4 Nasrallah’s death will not compel Iran’s leaders to change course. They will continue their fight against Israel and try to resurrect Hezbollah from the ashes. Yet some Hezbollah supporters are beginning to express anger at Iran for Nasrallah's death.
5 It should be noted here that Iran's leaders have never been motivated by the welfare of Lebanese or Palestinians, but the destruction of Israel. Their official slogan has never been ‘Long Live Palestine’ (or even ‘Long Live Iran’) but ‘Death to Israel’. nytimes.com/2024/05/08/opi…
6 Will Iran now launch a major direct attack on Israel, and risk a full-blown war (including with the US) to avenge an Arab leader? It's unlikely; Tehran didn’t take such risks even after the killing of their own beloved IRGC commander Qassem Soleimani. Regime survival is #1
7 Iran and its proxies are effective attacking when its opponents aren't paying attention (ie October 7). But as the April 2024 Iranian missile attacks on Israel evidenced, when everyone is on high alert, and poised to massively retaliate, Tehran's options are more limited.
8 Ayatollah Khamenei, Iran’s 85-year-old Supreme Leader, is not a war-time leader. He’s been ruling since 1989. He should be playing with his grandchildren now, not trying to fight a high-tech military and financial war against America and Israel. pic.x.com/molsx85lp7
9 Khamenei is now in a dilemma of his own making. By not responding strongly, he keeps losing face. By responding too strongly, he could lose his head. Like all dictators, Khamenei wants to be feared by his people. These humiliations will fuel talk about succession in Tehran.
10 While some are mourning Nasrallah today, many in Iran, Syria, and elsewhere are openly celebrating. One of Nasrallah's chief legacies, with Iran, is aiding Syrian dictator Bashar Assad kill hundreds of thousands of his people to stay in power.
11 Nasrallah’s death is huge, but its impact will take years to assess. The key to change in the Middle East remains a government in Iran whose organizing principle is not revolutionary ideology (‘Death to America, Death to Israel’), but Iran’s national and economic interests.
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1🧵 My new @ForeignAffairs essay on the ideological clash in the Middle East whose outcome could prove most consequential for the region and the world order, the battle between Saudi Arabia's "Vision 2030" and the Islamic Republic of Iran's "Vision 1979". foreignaffairs.com/middle-east/ne…
2 Vision 2030 appeals to popular aspirations; Vision 1979 exploits popular grievances. Vision 2030 seeks partnership with the U.S. and Israel; Vision 1979 thrives on resisting both. Vision 2030 is driven by social liberalization; Vision 1979 is anchored in social repression.
3 The two visions reflect the distinct personalities of their leaders: 85-year-old Ayatollah Khamenei and 39-year-old Crown Prince MBS, two of the region’s most powerful figures, whose mutual animosity is clear. MBS champions modernity, while Khamenei lionizes martyrdom.
1🧵Brief intro to our new essay with @nicolegrajewski on the Russia-Iran partnership and its centrality to numerous global challenges, including nuclear proliferation, cybersecurity, authoritarianism, disinformation, illicit finance, and energy security. carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/…
2 Russia and Iran are historical geopolitical rivals with competing national interests and centuries of mutual mistrust. Yet, throughout history, they've occasionally united against common adversaries, including the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, and now the United States.
3 Perceived U.S. efforts to encircle them militarily, and subvert them internally, are one basis for their partnership. Their cooperation in deadly wars in Syria and Ukraine have further deepened their military, economic, and diplomatic ties. nytimes.com/2022/10/17/wor…
1🧵 Iran and Israel are unnatural enemies. They have complimentary national interests (energy/technology), a historic cultural affinity (Persians/Jews), and no bilateral land or resource disputes. Their conflict is best understood through the prism of ideology, not geopolitics.
2 The origins of the Iran-Israel conflict can be traced to Ayatollah Khomeini, the leader of the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from a US-allied monarchy into an Islamist theocracy. Khomeini's myriad writings reflect his contempt for Israel and his open antisemitism.
3 Ayatollah Khamenei, Khomeini's successor, shares this worldview. He's frequently said Iran “will support and assist any nation or any group anywhere who opposes and fights the Zionist regime." He was the lone world leader to praise Hamas on October 7.
1. A short thread on the Iran-Saudi normalization agreement brokered by China, reasons why each country was motivated to sign the agreement, and what to look for to determine whether it will have a meaningful and enduring impact. wsj.com/articles/saudi…
2. What’s in it for Beijing? Simply put China wants stability in the Middle East to ensure the free flow of energy from the region. De-escalation between two regional powers and major energy producers is critical to those objectives.
3. What's in it for Tehran? Iran is deeply isolated, humiliated by months of protests, and heavily reliant on China strategically/economically. This deal lessens its isolation, gains legitimacy for the regime, and strengthens China’s regional influence at the expense of the US.
1. Protestors in the city of Piranshahr, Iranian Kurdistan. Their determination is palpable. Video via @SamRasoulpour
2. Iran’s Revolutionary Guards are using combat weapons against a civilian population in Piranshahr mostly armed with rocks.
3. The Islamic Republic has inflicted disproportionate violence against Iran’s Kurdish population since the beginning of the 1979 revolution. It has never earned them support or legitimacy.
3. Tehran also exports its abuse and exploitation of children beyond its borders. Iranian Foreign Minister @Amirabdolahian has openly advertised Iran's support for Houthi child soldiers in Yemen, praising them for being "effective".