Amal Saad Profile picture
Sep 30, 2024 8 tweets 3 min read Read on X
THREAD: Some preliminary thoughts on this new phase in the war focusing on key developments: 1) Israel’s act of state terrorism which killed Seyyid Hasan Nasrallah and its impact on Hizbullah, 2) The impact of Israel’s elimination of Hizbullah’s military command, 3) The current transition phase and Hizbullah’s strategic recalibration 1/
It’s evident that Israel, with the full backing and partnership of the US, aimed to dismantle Hizbullah in one decisive strike. This effort began with the assassination of Fuad Shukr in late July, followed by the pager attacks, but it was Nasrallah’s killing that served as the key trigger intended to spark Hizbullah’s expected implosion. While Israel's push for a regional war seems evident, it's still uncertain whether the US is fully prepared to commit to such a course 2/
It is difficult to quantify the magnitude of Nasrallah's loss for Hizbullah and the Axis as a whole. However, this does not mean Hizbullah is anywhere near the verge of collapse. Israel and the US misunderstand the nature of his leadership—people didn’t support the cause because of him; they supported him because he personified their cause of justice and liberation, and while he was a revered figure, the cause he embodied will outlive him. Nasrallah will live on not just as a model of resistance or political consciousness, but as a rationality—a kind of 'Nasrallah raison' 3/
To think the group would crumble without Nasrallah is a fundamental misreading, and a racist assumption that reduces Hizbullah—a complex and deeply-rooted movement—to a single individual, reinforcing a stereotype that such groups in the Middle East rely on charismatic "strongmen" rather than institutional strength, resilience, or popular grass-roots support. It reflects a broader Orientalist view that discounts the ability of non-Western organizations to function as sophisticated political or military entities, capable of enduring beyond the loss of one leader. 4/
Similarly, while Israel’s elimination of Hizbullah’s entire military command was a devastating blow that would have crippled most states, Hizbullah's ability to continue launching sustained strikes against Israel highlights its operational continuity and the resilience of its command-and-control structure. The reason Hizbullah has been able to withstand such significant losses is its exceptionally robust continuity of command, enabling a seamless transition of leadership even in times of severe crisis 5/
It's important to recall that Hizbullah was born out of war and invasion, shaping it into an organization with built-in resilience. It’s designed to continually regenerate its leadership, producing new generations of military commanders. This resilience was most evident in 2008 when Hizbullah lost its senior military commander, Hajj Imad Mughnieh, who was not just a foundational figure but the pioneer of the Resistance’s “New School of [hybrid] Warfare”. Far from being weakened by his assassination, and the killing of his successor, Mustafa Badereddine in 2013, Hizbullah’s military capabilities have since grown exponentially, with its tactics being adopted by allies across the Resistance Axis. 6/
Since Mughnieh’s assassination, Hizbullah has implemented a sophisticated system of knowledge distribution at the operational level. This distributed expertise ensures that the loss of any single leader, even one in a high-ranking position, does not create a critical gap in the group’s operational capabilities, allowing for rapid reorganization and continuity of operations. Hizbullah has made contingencies for multiple lines of commanders, so if the first is killed and replaced, the second can immediately step in, and if he too is killed, a third will take over, and so on. Several men are delegated with overlapping roles and tasks, ensuring that any void left by a fallen leader is quickly filled, allowing for rapid reorganization and seamless continuity of operations. 7/
None of this suggests that Hizbullah hasn't been severely bruised and momentarily weakened—more so than at any point in its history. This is undeniably a turning point. The organization is navigating a critical transition phase, absorbing consecutive shocks while attempting to recuperate, reconfigure, and reorganize. It is likely revising both its grand strategy and military approach, shifting from its previous support front with Gaza to developing a new defense strategy that will likely focus on repelling Israel’s seemingly imminent ground invasion and forcing it to end its aerial aggression. At the same time, Hizbullah is likely drawing up contingency plans for a broader "Great War" strategy—one that would be offensively driven, should Israel and the U.S. seek to engulf the entire region in war. 8/

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More from @amalsaad_lb

Apr 11
Thread on the Salam government's attempts to obstruct Iran's cease-fire talks and prolong the war:
The “Salam government” will soon become a term that not only designates this current illegitimate administration in Lebanon, but acquires the force of political condemnation and disgrace, emerging as a new descriptor for forms of political treason that exceed the historical analogies typically invoked. Comparisons to Vichy or to the government of Mahmoud Abbas are analytically inadequate, since both were the product of occupation and, in the case of the former, defeat. What makes the Salam government historically unique, and necessitates a new conception of collaboration, is how it is actively defying military victory and the liberation of its territory while also relentlessly obstructing a ceasefire that Iran was on the brink of securing for Lebanon, pursuing instead a prolongation of the war, further occupation, and potentially annexation of that territory. 1/7
The Salam government’s decision to enter into talks with Israel immediately following a massacre that killed over 350 civilians and injured more than 2,000 was coordinated with Israel, with the sole purpose of obstructing the consolidation of a ceasefire that Iran was close to finalising for Lebanon. While it may appear that the government is attempting to pre-empt Iran and claim credit by declaring a ceasefire on Tuesday, it has in fact acquiesced to the continuation of hostilities, as the Israeli ambassador to the US made clear that Israel agreed only to a follow-up meeting to advance a “peace agreement” with Lebanon while explicitly refusing to discuss any ceasefire. 2/7
The Salam government is reportedly proposing a return to the November 2024 agreement, advancing a framework in which Israeli strikes would be confined to so-called "imminent threats from Hizbullah," in other words, Shia areas and Shia civilians, while neutralizing the rest of Lebanon. This decoupling of negotiation from the cessation of violence, and the re-legitimation of a ceasefire-warfare model, restores a status quo ante in which Israel retains the latitude to strike across Lebanon, expand its occupation of Lebanese territory, and prevent the return of displaced populations , effectively reproducing the very conditions that compelled Hizbullah to strike Israel on March 1. In other words, what the Salam government is offering is normalization with Israel without a cease-fire whereby Lebanon normalizes Israel’s war on itself. 3/7
Read 7 tweets
Apr 9
Thread on the upcoming Lebanon–Israel talks:
The so-called negotiations set to take place between Israel and the Lebanese government are little more than a thinly veiled weapon of war aimed at delinking Lebanon from the Iran cease-fire and enabling Netanyahu to prolong the war across both Iran and Lebanon. 1/6
Israel knows the Lebanese authorities can't deliver at the negotiating table any of the objectives they failed to achieve on the battlefield, whether the occupation of even a single village or town, let alone the far more ambitious objectives of a 3-4 km wide buffer zone or Hizbullah’s disarmament. But what Israel hopes to achieve with these talks, beyond prolonging the war on both fronts, is to push Lebanon toward civil strife, in ways that would weaken Hizbullah and further immiserate its Shia constituency. 2/6
And conversely, the Lebanese authorities, despite their evident willingness to surrender South Lebanon to Israel and expose the Shia community to displacement and violence (in short, their intent to rid themselves of what they see as the burden of this territory and its people), are equally aware that Israel cannot secure these outcomes on their behalf either, given that the IDF command has signalled it is nearing “collapse” and cannot be expected to disarm Hizbullah. Yet they continue to wager that prolonging the war on their own people and territory will significantly weaken Hizbullah and erode any political capital it might otherwise have gained in the post-war period. 3/6
Read 6 tweets
Mar 31
Thread on how the government is turning South Lebanon into "nobody's land":
Terra nullius or “nobody's land” was the legal doctrine through which European colonial powers declared inhabited territories available for appropriation, and which Israel used to justify its colonisation of Palestine. The land was declared nobody's not because nobody lived there but because the people living there were deemed not to count and otherwise invisible. This is precisely what Israel is attempting today in South Lebanon and the Lebanese government is not merely failing to prevent this process, but is actively co-producing the conditions that make it possible. 1/5
This morning the Lebanese army withdrew pre-emptively from the frontline Christian villages of Rmeish, Debl and Ain Ebil under orders not to defend itself, despite protests from local residents, in order to avoid being encircled by advancing Israeli troops. At the same time, the state has recently issued a directive to evacuate thirteen displacement centres in the Sour governorate in compliance with Israeli military demands, denying shelter to tens of thousands of its inhabitants, as Israel moves to ethnically cleanse the South. In a parallel development that exposes the absurdity of this compliance, Israel declared today its intent to demolish Lebanese villages along the Rafah model, entrench a permanent occupation line at the Litani within a wider “security zone” extending some 40 km north of the border to Zahrani, and bar the return of hundreds of thousands of displaced southerners. 2/5
By arrogating to itself the institutions of the state while systematically refusing to exercise them in the state's defence, the Lebanese government is not failing to be a state , but preventing the state from being one. Through each of these acts, it’s reducing South Lebanon to terra nullius and, hence, de-sovereigntizing the Lebanese state from within. It’s important to emphasise here that an occupying power moving into territory which a state has voluntarily evacuated has a fundamentally different legal and political position than one advancing against active resistance because the withdrawal does not merely fail to confront occupation, but risks legitimizing it by conceding the ground without contest. 3/5
Read 5 tweets
Mar 30
Thread: There is an increasingly irrational and unhinged quality to both Trump's and Israel's narrative of their war on Iran and Lebanon. The strategic rationality of both Iran's legitimate self-defense against a war of aggression and Hizbullah's resistance to the annexation of southern Lebanon, which the counter-sovereign Lebanese government has been almost desperately trying to hand over to Israel on a silver platter, has become impossible to deny and it explains more about what we are witnessing than any theory about Trump's madness or crude propaganda. 1/5
Trump repeatedly declaring that Iran "has been defeated", while his White House spokesperson insists that "any violence beyond this point will be because Iran refused to understand that they have already been defeated," is too irrational an argument to be taken seriously by anyone of sound mind, given the objective reality of Iran's resounding military successes, and the fact that if Iran was indeed defeated this would obviate the need for the war to continue. 2/5
Neither can anyone take seriously Israel's farcical claim that Ali Choueib — a veteran TV journalist whose face was known across the Arab world for three decades — belonged to Hizbullah's clandestine elite Radwan force. Nor does anyone (including Hizbullah's own domestic rivals) seriously entertain Israel's allegation that Hizbullah uses ambulances to smuggle weapons in order to justify killing scores of paramedics--an allegation all the more stomach-churning given that the Lebanese army confirmed earlier this month that it was Israeli troops who disguised themselves as first responders in their raid on the Bekaa town of Nabi Chit. 3/5
Read 5 tweets
Jun 18, 2025
THREAD: What would happen if Iran collapses as a state?
Unlike previous regime change wars that targeted individual states, what's happening now aims to eliminate the ideological and material infrastructure of resistance across the entire region. As a project rooted in a longstanding cause or idea, it can't be fully crushed; the underlying political and social forces will likely persist. As such, in the event of the Islamic Republic’s collapse, resistance wouldn't end but would transform, from a state-led alliance into a looser, post-axis formation. 1/
The project would be driven underground, shifting to asymmetric tactics and clandestine operations and would no longer be centralized or state-led, yet still coherent and strategically disruptive, operating through more fragmented methods. This wouldn't be the usual blowback that accompanies imperial misadvertures, but a transnational reconfiguration of power and warfare, with diffuse networks capable of targetting US and Israeli interests across multiple theatres over an extended period. It will be take the form of a hybrid war of attrition with no state accountability and no prospect of dialogue 2/
The inevitability of this scenario lies in Iran's foundational logic of resistance and non-sumbission. What is at stake is not just sovereignty, but the ideological core of a decades-long project. As Khamenei declared today, “We will never surrender in response to the attacks of anyone. This is the logic of the Iranian nation.” That logic, drawn from a Shi'a tradition that holds it is better to die resisting than live in humiliation, makes submission not just unlikely but existentially self-defeating. 3/
Read 5 tweets
Jun 16, 2025
THREAD: The death of Khamenei, by itself, is not enough to bring down the Iranian state. Netanyahu has claimed it would end the war, a view echoed by some who fear that his death would trigger the unraveling of the system. But this is based on a false frame of reference that equates Iran with Iraq, Syria or Libya, systems so thoroughly built around a single figure that their destruction unraveled the state itself. 1/
But Iran’s continuity as a state hinges not on the survival of any one individual, but on military and security dynamics—specifically, how it conducts itself in the current war, its ability to absorb repeated shocks and maintain continuity through escalating conflict which could potentially expand into direct confrontation with the US. 2/
While it does concentrate significant power in the office of the Supreme Leader, it also embeds authority across a complex web of institutions and has a thriving civil society. The Islamic Republic is authoritarian, but its representative institutions are real and often fiercely contested; they are not decorative. 3/
Read 5 tweets

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