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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Oct 7 • 13 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
SARS-COV-2 is AIRBORNE !

Thanks to @_CatintheHat for the idea of a mega-thread (10 studies) about "airborne transmission" Image
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11) Thanks for reading 🙏
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13) Plus 2 additional recent studies

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 8
"SUPERSPREADING" one of the key word of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic

A review and meta-analysis of 500 studies !!! 💯👍
cambridge.org/core/journals/…Image
2) This study examined how SARS-CoV-2 spreads unevenly, with some settings and individuals driving more transmission than others. The researchers reviewed over 500 studies and found that transmission tended to be highest in crowded indoor places like ... Image
3) ...nursing homes, households, and prisons, with 25-35% of exposed people getting infected. In contrast, schools, healthcare settings, and transportation had lower attack rates of 6-11%. Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 8
Another study confirming that SARS-CoV-2 can be PRESENT both FREELY CIRCULATING in the BLOODSTREAM as well as infecting the cells that line the blood vessels ! 💥💥💥

This indicates viral dissemination, allowing the virus to infect multiple organs !
virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…Image
2) The study looked at older adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 in special care units. They found that having the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the blood (called RNAemia) was a good way to predict which patients would have a higher risk of dying, both during their hospital stay and..
3) ...in the 6 months after.
Around 28% of patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, with higher virus levels linked to more severe illness and a higher chance of developing life-threatening complications like sepsis. Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 8
In the term "EPIDEMIOLOGY" (the study of factors affecting disease spread), "demos" refers to POPULATION !

It is the neighborhood characteristics which influenced SARS-CoV-2 transmission, highlighting the role of population-level factors.
pophealthmetrics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…Image
2) This study used a statistical method called multilevel modeling to examine how an individual's neighborhood affects their risk of getting COVID-19. They calculated a measure called the median rate ratio (MRR) to quantify the differences in COVID-19 rates between neighborhoods Image
3) The results showed that neighborhood factors like household size and commuting patterns explained about 40% of the differences in COVID-19 rates across neighborhoods. The remaining differences suggest other neighborhood-level factors play an important role in COVID-19 spread
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 8
COVID-19 may cause lasting NEUROINFLAMMATION in the BRAINSTEM (the lower part of the brain that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord)

Thanks to @DavidJoffe64
for this study
academic.oup.com/brain/advance-…Image
2) This study used advanced 7T MRI to examine the brains of COVID-19 survivors. They found increased magnetic susceptibility, a sign of inflammation, in specific regions of the brainstem. These areas are important for controlling breathing, heart rate, and ... Image
3) ...other basic body functions. Patients who had more severe COVID-19 and worse recovery showed greater susceptibility changes in the brainstem. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 8
SARS-COV-2 ESTABLISHING ITSELF as the LEADING HUMAN PATHOGEN
(4th part)

The SARS-CoV-2 virus finds its greatest ALLIES in HUMANS, as they provide an ideal host and actively assist in its spread to a wider audience 🤬
Explanations ... Image
2) As explained by Paul Ewald, a pathogen has four ways to promote the evolution of its virulence and enhance its transmission and host exploitation:

▶️ Transmission by Vectors : Pathogens can spread through vectors, such as mosquitoes, which aid in their dissemination. Image
3) In this case, the host can be sick and immobile, and does not need to move, as the vector contributes to the spread of the pathogen

▶️ Transmission via Durable Environmental Propagules : Some pathogens, like smallpox and tuberculosis, can persist in the environment through ..
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 7
RBD mobility of the spike in SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and JN.1

A new way to attach to the cells ! 💥
nature.com/articles/s4146…Image
2) The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been rapidly evolving, with the BA.2.86 variant and its descendant JN.1 becoming globally prevalent.

The study found that the BA.2.86 spike protein can bind to the ACE2 receptor in unique ways compared to previous variants.
3) It can adopt both two-RBD-up and three-RBD-up conformations when bound to ACE2, which is unprecedented. The two up-RBDs also exhibit increased mobility, allowing ACE2 to bind even when one RBD is in the down position. Image
Read 6 tweets

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