Thread by @ejustin46

IMMUNOGENICITY to SARS-COV-2 ?
(Mega-thread🧵 with 7 studies just published ! 💯)

We need to approach this topic, with a lot of humility, acknowledging that we are just starting to grasp the complexities of our immune system's response to SARS-CoV-2.

2) "Real-world assessment of immunogenicity in immunocompromised individuals following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: a two-year follow-up of the prospective clinical trial COVAXID"

Immunocompromised patients often don't respond well to COVID-19 vaccines ... thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…

3)..leading to the need for extra booster shots. In a 2-year study of 364 patients from a trial, blood samples showed that more vaccine doses and past infections improved immune responses, despite some treatments weakening them. Continuous boosters are crucial for these patients.

4) "Broad immunogenicity to prior SARS-CoV-2 strains and JN.1 variant elicited by XBB.1.5 vaccination in nursing home residents"

The XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccine enhances immunity among nursing home residents (NHRs) and healthcare workers (HCWs)
... link.springer.com/article/10.100…

5) ...particularly against new variants. A study showed that NHRs who had prior COVID-19 infections produced higher antibody levels after vaccination. This suggests the XBB.1.5 vaccine is effective in boosting protection for vulnerable populations.

6) "Functional Activity and Binding Specificity of small Ankyron Repeat Proteins against SARS-CoV-2 variants"

To manage COVID-19 effectively, we need both vaccines and treatments. Researchers have created special proteins called Ankyrons ... biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

7)...that can attach to the virus. These proteins can be made in the lab and bind tightly to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Tests showed that some Ankyrons work against different virus variants. They also can neutralize the virus in lab tests and could help develop new treatments quickly

8) "Structural insights into the RNA binding inhibitors of the C-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid"

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein helps protect and package the virus's genetic material. A study tested 3 antibiotics, ceftriaxone ... biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

9)..cefuroxime, and ampicillin to see if they could disrupt this packaging. Results showed that these drugs can inhibit RNA binding to the N protein. Structural analysis revealed new interaction sites, suggesting that targeting the N protein could lead to new antiviral treatments

10) "A Modular Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Platform Enables Rapid Design of Completely Protective Multivalent Mucosal Dual Vaccine Against COVID-19 and Flu"

The COVID-19 pandemic and flu outbreaks highlight the need for better vaccines. biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

11) Current vaccines have issues like weak protection and less effectiveness against new variants. A new vaccine design uses bacteriophage T4 nanoparticles to target both COVID-19 and flu. It delivers vaccines through the nose for better immunity and includes various antigens...

12)..for wider protection. Tests in mice show strong immune responses, including antibodies and T cells, offering complete protection. This T4 platform can quickly create vaccines and is easy to produce, making it suitable for global use, especially in areas with fewer resources.

13) One of my favourite 🤗
"Distinct proteomic signatures in Ethiopians predict acute and long-term sequelae of COVID-19"

This study focuses on COVID-19 in African patients, who may react differently compared to other populations. medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

14) Researchers looked at proteins in patients' blood to find markers that could predict severe illness and the risk of Long COVID. They found specific proteins linked to severe cases and identified some that could indicate a higher or lower chance of developing Long COVID.

15) And to conclude a study posted yesterday.
Thanks for reading 🙏

https://x.com/ejustin46/status/1845149584386822591?t=RAFkQeX3KSD1A2Y3rGRQRA&s=19