Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 14 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
PLASMA CELLS, BONE MARROW and VACCINATION🧵

"Missing immune cells may explain why COVID-19 vaccine protection quickly wanes"
science.org/content/articl…Image
2) Recent research suggests that a lack of certain immune cells may explain why COVID-19 vaccine protection fades quickly. Scientists found that people who received multiple vaccine doses often did not produce long-lived plasma cells, which are crucial for lasting immunity.
3) These cells typically develop when B cells encounter a virus, but the spacing of SARS-CoV-2's spike proteins makes this process difficult. Improving vaccine design to better present these proteins could lead to more durable immunity against COVID-19.
4) The reference study is now posted in Nature.
nature.com/articles/s4159…
It was first published in March 2024 👇
x.com/ejustin46/stat…
5) On the topic "bone marrow" for more information 👇

Thanks for reading 🙏

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More from @ejustin46

Oct 15
"HIGH FAT, HIGH SUCROSE DIET PROMOTES INCREASED EXPRESSION of ACE2 RECEPTOR in the SIV-infected host:
implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection"

frontiersin.org/journals/nutri…Image
2) This study looked at whether a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFSD) and chronic binge alcohol (CBA) consumption affected the expression of two proteins needed for SARS-CoV-2 to enter cells - ACE2 and TMPRSS2.
3) They studied these factors in the lungs, pancreas, and kidneys of female monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which is similar to HIV in humans. Image
Read 7 tweets
Oct 15
When MACROPHAGES release chemicals, that SUPPRESS T CELL FUNCTION, creating an environment UNFAVORABLE for CLEARING SARS-COV-2.

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…Image
2) This study looked closely at the immune system of a severely ill COVID-19 patient. It found that the patient's immune response was very abnormal compared to milder cases.
3) The key discoveries were:
- The patient's T cells, which normally fight infections, were overly activated but also exhausted. This meant they were not able to effectively clear the virus.
- The patient's lungs contained many immune cells called M2 macrophages. Image
Read 7 tweets
Oct 15
The title of this study is incredible !!!

Are there waters contaminated by SARS-CoV-2?
What are these green synthesized particles?
What is the connection to the "miracle tree" Moringa?
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) The study reports the successful green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaves, which demonstrated antimicrobial and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 at low cytotoxicity, suggesting their potential as a cost-effective and ... Image
3) ...environmentally-friendly solution for treating SARS-CoV-2 contaminated water.

Are there waters contaminated by SARS-CoV-2?

Yes, SARS-CoV-2 can get into water sources like wastewater and rivers ... Image
Read 6 tweets
Oct 15
The KEY to BLOCKING SARS-COV-2 INFECTION is the INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM !

A lesson learned from the bats in this fascinating study : "Abortive infection of bat fibroblasts with SARS-CoV-2"
pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pn…Image
2) This study compares how human and bat cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection. While human cells are highly susceptible, bat cells show an unusual "abortive" infection:

- Bat fibroblasts can be infected and make viral proteins, but don't release new infectious virus particles. Image
3) - Bat stem cells can support some viral replication, but at lower levels than human cells.

The researchers think this is because bat cells have a constantly activated innate immune system, with higher levels of antiviral proteins like interferons, even before infection. Image
Read 5 tweets
Oct 15
3 BILLION PEOPLE INFECTED with SARS-COV-2, in the last 12 months, who DON'T KNOW IT because they are ASYMPTOMATIC !!!

A recent study involving 1,089 participants found that 52.9% were asymptomatic ...
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…Image
2) ... which is consistent with findings from other studies that report rates between 40% and 60%. The authors point out that 96.2% of these cases went unrecognized by the healthcare system. Image
3) Various seroprevalence surveys that we posted, indicate that at least 75% of the population has been infected at least once in the last year. This translates to approximately 3 billion asymptomatic individuals in a global population of 8 billion. Image
Read 5 tweets
Oct 14
VIRAL LOAD dynamics in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients ...

▶️ Virus level peaked around 4 days after detection
▶️ Severe COVID-19 = higher virus level and had the virus for longer
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…Image
2) This large study examined how the Omicron BA.2 virus affected people in Shanghai, China in 2022. It looked at patients with a wide range of COVID-19 symptoms, from no symptoms to critical illness.
3) The key findings were:
- Virus levels peaked around 4 days after first detection, then started to decline. On average, people cleared the virus in about 6 days.
- Patients with more severe illness had higher virus levels when first detected and at their peak. Image
Read 6 tweets

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