Crémieux Profile picture
Oct 22, 2024 • 15 tweets • 5 min read • Read on X
I suspect "The Sort" can greatly increase your exposure to time-wasting incompetenceđź§µ Image
The obvious example of how The Sort exposes you to incompetence is that nowadays, competent people don't go into the public sector all that often.

This is a mixed bag: while the government is a poor use of human capital, it needs some to avoid holding back the rest of society.Image
There are also a lot of fairly menial service sector jobs that you'll run into all the time, and these are less obviously, but no less problematized by The Sort. Image
Why? Because in the past, socioeconomic status was less cognitively stratified.

You can still see this today in many developing economies, where intelligence is slowly becoming more related to socioeconomic status as markets develop and opportunity expands. Image
The improvements to The Sort mean that fewer and fewer smart people are born into and remain in bad conditions.

But that also means that fewer and fewer smart people spend a long time in menial service sector jobs. Image
Accordingly, the quality of the work in those jobs is worse than if the job had more intelligent people working it.

Why? The first reason is that smarter people just do jobs better: They make fewer mistakes, operate more efficiently, often even have higher moral standards, etc. Image
The second reason is that, because smart people do jobs better, they teach less smart people how to do the job better, either directly or by example.

When you have more and less intelligent people play games, combining them brings up the less able.

In effect, many jobs are becoming more and more of left tail-exclusive jobs, with the effect being that they're done worse and worse, making your life harder and wasting more of your time when you run into them.

But it doesn't have to be this way!
Ever been to a Buc-ee's?

They're Texas' amazing gas station/car wash combo stores, and they're known

(A) Being pleasant, and

(B) Very publicly paying their employees well. Image
If you've been to a Buc-ee's you might have noticed that they offer discounted gas if you wash your car.

Their car washes are very long and the wait times are minimal compared to other offerings.

They have minimal human involvement.Image
Because Buc-ee's embraces productivity-improving tools and builds, and pushes their employees to be efficient, they can afford to pay them well and to pass on lots of savings to customers, and they also pass on saved time over other car washes.
Productivity enhancements that eliminate the involvement of human labor have the opportunity to cut out increasingly-inefficient human components of jobs.

If the carwash is nearly fully automated, the wages can be respectable and slow' human involvement can be minimized.
And where will the people currently working those jobs go?

Take manufacturing employment. When industrial robots are installed, employment goes down in that area, but up more in non-manufacturing jobs.

The disemployed move jobs. Source: https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/55791
Wages tend to go up. They tend to move to better jobs, or at least jobs that are less dangerous, less monotonous, and which are better compensated.

And crucially, that left tail? It might move closer to the rest of the cognitive pack, meaning its members can skill up.
Automation might be even more of an engine of progress and life improvement than people generally assume, and it might make all of our lives better off by fixing some of the downsides of The Sort.

Thanks, robots! Image

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More from @cremieuxrecueil

Oct 14
Where did that human capital go?

After the Counter-Reformation began, Protestant Germany started producing more elites than Catholic Germany.

Protestant cities also attracted more of these elite individuals, but primarily to the places with the most progressive governmentsđź§µImage
Q: What am I talking about?

A: Kirchenordnung, or Church Orders, otherwise known as Protestant Church Ordinances, a sort of governmental compact that started cropping up after the Reformation, in Protestant cities. Image
Q: Why these things?

A: Protestants wanted to establish political institutions in their domains that replaced those previously provided by the Catholics, or which otherwise departed from how things were done. Image
Read 12 tweets
Oct 7
What predicts a successful educational intervention?

Unfortunately, the answer is not 'methodological propriety'; in fact, it's the oppositeđź§µ

First up: home-made measures, a lack of randomization, and a study being published instead of unpublished predict larger effects. Image
It is *far* easier to cook the books with an in-house measure, and it's far harder for other researchers to evaluate what's going on because they definitionally cannot be familiar with it.

Additionally, smaller studies tend to have larger effects—a hallmark of publication bias! Image
Education, like many fields, clearly has a bias towards significant results.

Notice the extreme excess of results with p-values that are 'just significant'.

The pattern we see above should make you suspect if you realize this is happening. Image
Read 10 tweets
Oct 6
Across five different large samples, the same pattern emerged:

Trans people tended to have multiple times higher rates of autism. Image
In addition to higher autism rates, when looking at non-autistic trans versus non-trans people, the trans people were consistently shifted towards showing more autistic traits. Image
In two of the available datasets, the autism result replicated across other psychiatric traits.

That is, trans people were also at an elevated risk of ADHD, bipolar disorder, depression, OCD, and schizophrenia, before and after making various adjustments. Image
Read 6 tweets
Oct 6
Across 68,000 meta-analyses including over 700,000 effect size estimates, correcting for publication bias tended to:

- Markedly reduce effect sizes
- Markedly reduce the probability that there is an effect at all

Economics hardest hit: Image
Even this is perhaps too generous.

Recall that correcting for publication bias often produces effects that are still larger than the effects attained in subsequent large-scale replication studies.Image
A great example of this comes from priming studies.

Remember money priming, where simply seeing or handling money made people more selfish and better at business?

Those studies were stricken by publication bias, but preregistered studies totally failed to find a thing. Image
Read 6 tweets
Oct 5
Neat new article from @Scientific_Bird.

It argues that one of the reasons there was an East Asian growth miracle but not a South Asian one is human capital.

For centuries, South Asia has lagged on average human capital, whereas East Asia has done very well in all our records. Image
It's unsurprising when these things continue today.

We already know based on three separate instrumental variables strategies using quite old datapoints that human capital is causal for growth. That includes these numeracy measures from the distant past.

Image
This makes a lot of sense, too.

Where foreign visitors centuries ago thought China was remarkably equal and literate (both true!), they noticed that India had an elite upper crust accompanied by intense squalor.

Image
Read 4 tweets
Oct 4
The results are in and 58.3% of the almost 7,500 responses said...

Men tend to get more steps in a day!

Sources say...

Yes. Wherever we have large-scale, representatively sampled data, men tend to get a few more steps in compared to women. Image
Step counts tend to vary by area.

For example, New York—thanks to New York City—has the highest average step count.

Colorado—due in part to its selected active, athletic population—also manages a high step count.

You'll also notice that moderate temps mean more steps. Image
What's up with these location effects? Are they causal?

As it turns out, the answer is partially in the affirmative.

That is, some places actually encourage people to walk more!

How do we know? Simple.
Read 13 tweets

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