I suspect "The Sort" can greatly increase your exposure to time-wasting incompetenceđź§µ
The obvious example of how The Sort exposes you to incompetence is that nowadays, competent people don't go into the public sector all that often.
This is a mixed bag: while the government is a poor use of human capital, it needs some to avoid holding back the rest of society.
There are also a lot of fairly menial service sector jobs that you'll run into all the time, and these are less obviously, but no less problematized by The Sort.
Why? Because in the past, socioeconomic status was less cognitively stratified.
You can still see this today in many developing economies, where intelligence is slowly becoming more related to socioeconomic status as markets develop and opportunity expands.
The improvements to The Sort mean that fewer and fewer smart people are born into and remain in bad conditions.
But that also means that fewer and fewer smart people spend a long time in menial service sector jobs.
Accordingly, the quality of the work in those jobs is worse than if the job had more intelligent people working it.
Why? The first reason is that smarter people just do jobs better: They make fewer mistakes, operate more efficiently, often even have higher moral standards, etc.
The second reason is that, because smart people do jobs better, they teach less smart people how to do the job better, either directly or by example.
When you have more and less intelligent people play games, combining them brings up the less able.
In effect, many jobs are becoming more and more of left tail-exclusive jobs, with the effect being that they're done worse and worse, making your life harder and wasting more of your time when you run into them.
But it doesn't have to be this way!
Ever been to a Buc-ee's?
They're Texas' amazing gas station/car wash combo stores, and they're known
(A) Being pleasant, and
(B) Very publicly paying their employees well.
If you've been to a Buc-ee's you might have noticed that they offer discounted gas if you wash your car.
Their car washes are very long and the wait times are minimal compared to other offerings.
They have minimal human involvement.
Because Buc-ee's embraces productivity-improving tools and builds, and pushes their employees to be efficient, they can afford to pay them well and to pass on lots of savings to customers, and they also pass on saved time over other car washes.
Productivity enhancements that eliminate the involvement of human labor have the opportunity to cut out increasingly-inefficient human components of jobs.
If the carwash is nearly fully automated, the wages can be respectable and slow' human involvement can be minimized.
And where will the people currently working those jobs go?
Take manufacturing employment. When industrial robots are installed, employment goes down in that area, but up more in non-manufacturing jobs.
The disemployed move jobs.
Wages tend to go up. They tend to move to better jobs, or at least jobs that are less dangerous, less monotonous, and which are better compensated.
And crucially, that left tail? It might move closer to the rest of the cognitive pack, meaning its members can skill up.
Automation might be even more of an engine of progress and life improvement than people generally assume, and it might make all of our lives better off by fixing some of the downsides of The Sort.
Thanks, robots!
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World War I devastated Britain and likely slowed down its technological progressđź§µ
The reason being, the youth are the engine of innovation.
Areas that saw more deaths saw larger declines in patenting in the years following the war.
To figure out the innovation effects of losing a large portion of a generation's young men who were just coming into the primes of their lives, the authors needed four pieces of data.
The first were the numbers and pre-war locations of soldiers who died.
The next components were the numbers and locations of patent filings.
If you look at both graphs, you see obvious total population effects. So, areas must be normalized.
You know how most books on Amazon are AI slop now? If you didn't, look at the publication numbers.
Compare those to the proportion Pangram flags as AI-generated. It's fully aligned with the implied numbers based on the rise over 2022 publication levels!
Similarly, the rise of pro se litigants has come with a rise in case filings detected as being AI-generated, and with virtually zero false-positives before AI was around.
For reference, the French Revolution ushered in a number of egalitarian laws.
A major example of these had to do with inheritance, and in particular with partibility.
In some areas of France, there was partible inheritance, and in others, it was impartible.
Partible inheritance refers to inheritance spread among all of a person's heirs, sometimes including girls, sometimes not.
Impartible inheritance on the other hands refers to the situation where the head of an estate can nominate a particular heir to get all or a select portion.
In terms of their employment, religion, and sex, people who joined the Nazi party started off incredibly distinct from the people in their communities.
It's only near the end of WWII when they started resembling everyday Germans.
Early on, a lot of this dissimilarity is due to hysteresis.
Even as the party was growing, people were selectively recruited because they were often recruited by their out-of-place friends, and they were themselves out-of-place.
It took huge growth to break that.
And you can see the decline of fervor based on the decline of Nazi imagery in people's portraits.
And while this is observed by-and-large, it's not observed among the SS, who had a consistently higher rate of symbolic fanaticism.
I simulated 100,000 people to show how often people are "thrice-exceptional": Smart, stable, and exceptionally hard-working.
I've highlighted these people in red in this chart:
If you reorient the chart to a bird's eye view, it looks like this:
In short, there are not many people who are thrice-exceptional, in the sense of being at least +2 standard deviations in conscientiousness, emotional stability (i.e., inverse neuroticism), and intelligence.
To replicate this, use 42 as the seed and assume linearity and normality
The decline of trust is something worth caring about, and reversing it is something worth doing.
We should not have to live constantly wondering if we're being lied to or scammed. Trust should be possible again.
I don't know how we go about regaining trust and promoting trustworthiness in society.
It feels like there's an immense level of toleration of untrustworthy behavior from everyone: scams are openly funded; academics congratulate their fraudster peers; all content is now slop.
What China's doing—corruption crackdowns and arresting fraudsters—seems laudable, and I think the U.S. and other Western nations should follow suit.
Fraud leads to so many lives being lost and so much progress being halted or delayed.