I suspect "The Sort" can greatly increase your exposure to time-wasting incompetenceđź§µ
The obvious example of how The Sort exposes you to incompetence is that nowadays, competent people don't go into the public sector all that often.
This is a mixed bag: while the government is a poor use of human capital, it needs some to avoid holding back the rest of society.
There are also a lot of fairly menial service sector jobs that you'll run into all the time, and these are less obviously, but no less problematized by The Sort.
Why? Because in the past, socioeconomic status was less cognitively stratified.
You can still see this today in many developing economies, where intelligence is slowly becoming more related to socioeconomic status as markets develop and opportunity expands.
The improvements to The Sort mean that fewer and fewer smart people are born into and remain in bad conditions.
But that also means that fewer and fewer smart people spend a long time in menial service sector jobs.
Accordingly, the quality of the work in those jobs is worse than if the job had more intelligent people working it.
Why? The first reason is that smarter people just do jobs better: They make fewer mistakes, operate more efficiently, often even have higher moral standards, etc.
The second reason is that, because smart people do jobs better, they teach less smart people how to do the job better, either directly or by example.
When you have more and less intelligent people play games, combining them brings up the less able.
In effect, many jobs are becoming more and more of left tail-exclusive jobs, with the effect being that they're done worse and worse, making your life harder and wasting more of your time when you run into them.
But it doesn't have to be this way!
Ever been to a Buc-ee's?
They're Texas' amazing gas station/car wash combo stores, and they're known
(A) Being pleasant, and
(B) Very publicly paying their employees well.
If you've been to a Buc-ee's you might have noticed that they offer discounted gas if you wash your car.
Their car washes are very long and the wait times are minimal compared to other offerings.
They have minimal human involvement.
Because Buc-ee's embraces productivity-improving tools and builds, and pushes their employees to be efficient, they can afford to pay them well and to pass on lots of savings to customers, and they also pass on saved time over other car washes.
Productivity enhancements that eliminate the involvement of human labor have the opportunity to cut out increasingly-inefficient human components of jobs.
If the carwash is nearly fully automated, the wages can be respectable and slow' human involvement can be minimized.
And where will the people currently working those jobs go?
Take manufacturing employment. When industrial robots are installed, employment goes down in that area, but up more in non-manufacturing jobs.
The disemployed move jobs.
Wages tend to go up. They tend to move to better jobs, or at least jobs that are less dangerous, less monotonous, and which are better compensated.
And crucially, that left tail? It might move closer to the rest of the cognitive pack, meaning its members can skill up.
Automation might be even more of an engine of progress and life improvement than people generally assume, and it might make all of our lives better off by fixing some of the downsides of The Sort.
Thanks, robots!
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Conservatives love to attack the Great Society as if it's responsible for modern high divorce and low marriage rates as well as high Black crime rates.
But this is a narrative-based belief, not a statistically-justified one. High Black crime rates precede the Great Society.
The Great Society gets a lot of senseless blame.
Some people say it caused people to work a lot less. Not clearly supported:
Roughly one-third of all of Japan's urban building was done through a process of replotting land parcels and reconstructing homes to increase local density while making way for new infrastructuređź§µ
Conceptually, it's like this:
In that diagram, you see an area of low-density homes that has undergone land rights conversion, where, when two-thirds of the area’s existing homeowners agree, everyone’s right to their land is converted to the rights to an equivalent part of a new building.
This works well to generate substantial, dense amounts of housing, and it's, crucially, democratic.
All the decision-making power was held by those who were directly affected, and not outsiders to the situation.
If 2/3 wanted to upzone, they could, and they did!
I've seen a lot of people recently claim that the prevalence of vitiligo is 0.5-2%.
This is just not true. In the U.S. today, it's closer to a sixth of a percent, with some notable age- and race-related differences.
But where did the 0.5-2% claim come from?đź§µ
The claim of a 0.5-2% prevalence emerged on here because Google's Gemini cited a 2020 review in the journal Dermatology which proclaimed as much in the abstract.
Simple enough, right? They must have a source that supports this estimate in the review somewhere.
They cite four studies for the 0.5-2% claim, so let's look into those studies.
Relationships between class and fertility and IQ and fertility used to routinely be negative in the not-so-distant past.
But across the developed world, they're increasingly positive, albeit only slightly. In this Swedish birth cohort (1951-67), the transition came early:
In this example, there's also some interesting confounding: between families, IQ isn't monotonically associated with fertility, but within families, it is.
Something seems to suppress the IQ-fertility relationship between families!
Sweden's positive IQ-fertility gradient (which, above, is just for males, since it's draftee data), has been around for quite a while (but has varied, too), whereas in countries like France, Japan, and the U.S., the gradient shift towards being slightly positive is more recent.