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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Oct 23 • 6 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
"EPIGENETIC CHANGES in patients with post-acute COVID-19 symptoms (PACS) and long-COVID: A systematic review"

DNA DAMAGE !!! 😨
Thanks @atranscendedman
cambridge.org/core/journals/…Image
2) This meta-analysis examined studies looking at epigenetic changes (chemical modifications to DNA that affect gene expression) in patients with ongoing COVID-19 symptoms, known as post-acute COVID-19 symptoms (PACS) and long-COVID. Image
3) The authors found that changes in DNA methylation and microRNA levels were linked to immune system dysfunction, problems with the autonomic nervous system, and altered cell metabolism in these patients. Image
4) However, the studies had small sample sizes and varied greatly in how they defined and evaluated patients.
The authors emphasize the need for larger, longitudinal studies with detailed clinical characterization to better understand the complex biological mechanisms ... Image
5) ...driving the diverse symptoms of PACS and long-COVID. Insights from this research could also benefit patients with similar post-viral conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome.

Thanks for reading 🙏
6) 2nd study in just one week on this key topic !

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 25
HOW MUCH IMMUNITY the U.S. population had AGAINST SARS-COV-2 from 2020 to the end of 2023 ?

A key study 💯👍
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) The researchers used a mathematical model to estimate this, using data on COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and vaccinations.

By the end of 2023, the model showed that almost everyone in the U.S. (99.9%) had been exposed to COVID-19 ... Image
3) ...either through infection or vaccination. However, despite this high level of exposure, only about half the population (53.6%) still had effective protection against getting infected again. The protection against severe illness was higher, at 82.6%. Image
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 25
WHAT COULD HAPPEN with COVID-19?
(opinion)

It is both rare and commendable that someone like Arijit @arijitchakrav invests time in discussing the future risks associated with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. In his recent thread, he presents two fascinating scenarios. Image
2) However, we believe that there could be a third scenario.
To explain this hypothesis we would like to take the example of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which affect over 520 million people worldwide and are the leading cause of death, responsible for 32% of all fatalities..
3) ...and over 18 million deaths annually.
In the US, medical costs related to CVD surpass $200 billion each year, covering hospital stays, outpatient services, medications.
Furthermore, the economic burden from lost productivity is estimated at around $100 billion annually.
Read 12 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 24
If you SUFFER from PERSISTENT HEADACHES after a COVID-19 INFECTION,

... it may be due to elevated levels of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in your blood
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) This study looked at certain proteins in the blood of people with persistent headaches after COVID-19 infection. The main findings were:

- A protein called APP was much higher in people with headaches after COVID-19, and this was linked to problems with thinking and memory. Image
3) - Another protein called PZP was higher in the COVID-19 headache groups compared to healthy people.
- A third protein, CTSL, was only higher in the COVID-19 headache group at the start.
These results suggest changes ... Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 24
"REPEATED COVID-19 mRNA-based VACCINATION CONTRIBUTES to SARS-CoV-2 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY RESPONSES in the MUCOSA"

Thanks to @DavidJoffe64 for the study
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…Image
2) The study looked at how well COVID-19 vaccines, especially mRNA vaccines, can trigger immune responses in the nose and airways. The researchers found that getting multiple doses of the mRNA vaccines, especially booster shots ...
3) ...helped the body produce more virus-blocking antibodies in the nasal and respiratory secretions.

The antibodies in the blood and nose were connected - the antibodies made in the blood could also move into the nose and airways. Image
Read 9 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 23
10 to 15 TIMES MORE PEOPLE INFECTED compared to the REPORTED CASES COUNT !

An amazing study !!! 💯👍
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) This study shows that the number of reported COVID-19 cases in the U.S. before the Omicron variant severely underestimated the true number of infections that were actually happening.
3) For example, in some states like New Jersey, Maryland, and Nevada, around 6-8% of infections were ever reported as cases. This means the real outbreak was much bigger than what the case numbers showed.

The researchers also found that infection outbreaks often started ... Image
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Oct 23
BEWARE of ABUSIVE SIMPLIFICATIONS !

SARS-CoV-2 has evolved a mechanism to circumvent an INNATE IMMUNE PATHWAY, it does not mean the virus completely defeats or disables the entire body's immune response ! Image
2) In the interesting study to which this article refers,

scientists found that the nucleocapsid protein, can be tagged by a special antiviral protein called ISG15. This tagging, called ISGylation, is done by an enzyme called HERC5. journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jv…Image
3) When the nucleocapsid protein is tagged by ISG15, it disrupts the way the protein normally assembles into larger structures, which the virus needs to replicate. This suggests ISGylation acts as a defense mechanism against the virus. Image
Read 5 tweets

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