Post

How to get URL link on X (Twitter) App

On the Twitter thread, click on or icon on the bottom
Click again on or Share Via icon
Click on Copy Link to Tweet
Paste it above and click "Unroll Thread"!
More info at Twitter Help

Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Oct 24, 2024 • 10 tweets • 4 min read • Read on X

Scrolly

Repeated COVID vaccinations enhance mucosal immunity against the virus!

A NEW study finds that individuals who received multiple doses of mRNA vaccines exhibited a marked increase in neutralizing antibodies in nasal secretions, which are essential for blocking viral entry. 1/

Not only that, but the immune responses generated by mRNA vaccines may persist longer than previously thought, which provides hope for sustained protection against emerging variants of the virus. 2/

They found that most mucosal neutralizing antibodies were of systemic origin, w/ antibodies circulating in blood migrating to respiratory mucosa in the nose, suggesting that repeated vaccination stimulates systemic antibody production that can reach mucosal membranes. 3/

This study provides compelling evidence that repeated mRNA vaccinations can improve mucosal antibody responses, or stimulate pre-existing infection induced mucosal responses, which are vital for preventing infection at the entry points of the virus. 4/

These findings advance our understanding of mRNA vaccine–induced immunity and have implications for the design of vaccine strategies to combat respiratory infections. 5/

science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…

However, another new study by Lasrado et al. observed no obvious increase in neutralizing antibody titers after XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccination. 6/

science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…

The researchers show that XBB.1.5 mRNA boosters result in increased serum neutralization to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in humans, including the dominant circulating variant JN.1. 7/

In contrast, they found that XBB.1.5 mRNA booster did not augment mucosal NAbs or mucosal IgA responses, although acute SARS-CoV-2 XBB infection substantially increased mucosal antibody responses. 8/

The Lasrado et al. study shows that current XBB.1.5 mRNA boosters substantially enhance peripheral antibody responses but do not robustly increase mucosal antibody responses. 9/

These differing results by two studies may be due to the number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations or exposures, time since last exposure, and experimental approaches, but this pair of papers underscores the need to better understand the mucosal immune response in humans. 10/10

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

More from @vipintukur

Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 9

Fibrinoloid (amyloid-containing) microclots are resistant to degradation and are found in a variety of diseases including #LongCOVID, ME/CFS, and sepsis. A NEW review looks at the use of laser speckle imaging (LSI) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI) to assess how fibrinaloid microclots can disrupt the microcirculation. 1/

The microcirculation typically refers to those capillaries less than 100 mm in diameter. Having shown that blood can clot into an anomalous amyloid form that is rather resistant to fibrinolysis, researchers have previously developed the idea that endothelial dysfunction can both lead to and be caused by the fibrinaloid microclots so formed, such that this can slow or block entirely parts of the microcirculation. 2/

The microclots might be thought of as a ‘structural’ manifestation. This impairment of the microcirculation is referred to as ‘blood stasis’. It is thus desirable to have ‘functional’ methods that can measure these effects on the microcirculation directly. 3/

Read 7 tweets

Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 8

A NEW study finds that infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic was associated with three to five times higher odds of cognitive impairment 2 years after infection. 1/

Survivors of the disease may require special attention from clinical doctors to diagnose and treat cognitive impairment, namely, those who were hospitalized for more than 15 days, in intermediate or intensive care units, and presented disorientation, changes in vision, gait or balance, during infection. 2/

Conversely, although cognitive impairment was less frequent and severe in COVID-19 cases who had been followed in the community during infection, this population is younger. Causality between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cognitive impairment could not be inferred from the present study. 3/

Read 5 tweets

Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 4

A NEW study finds that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies play a protective role against vital organ-related #LongCovid (LC) symptoms, especially cardiovascular symptoms, but are insufficient in preventing or limiting other highly prevalent LC symptoms, such as neurological, psychiatric and pulmonary. 1/

These data underscore the complexity of the potential involvement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in either protecting against or contributing to the development of different #LongCovid phenotypes. 2/

The disturbed immunological profile supports the idea of some sort of silent longCOVID, that may eventually manifest as critical clinical events, such as acute myocardial infarction or cerebral vascular accidents. 3/

Read 5 tweets

Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jun 26

A meta-analysis from Egypt of 125 studies involving over 4 million COVID survivors shows that months to years after infection, fatigue was the most common symptom at 43%. Around 27% of people experience cognitive impairment after COVID infection. 1/

Further, 28% experienced memory issues, 24% sleep disorders, 20% headaches, 16% dizziness, 14% depression, and 13% anxiety, with significant variability depending on follow‑up time, disease severity, sex, and BMI. 2/

Neurological symptoms are common & persistent in COVID survivors. This study highlights significant burden these symptoms place on individuals, emphasizing the need for well-resourced multidisciplinary healthcare services to support post-COVID recovery. 3/3

Read 4 tweets

Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jun 24

A new review on neuroimmune pathophysiology of #LongCOVID explores how SARS-CoV-2 can cause lasting neurological symptoms through a combination of direct infection, immune dysregulation, and persistent inflammation. 1/

Key mechanisms include viral antigen persistence, autoimmunity, blood–brain barrier disruption, neurotransmitter imbalances, and glial cell dysfunction. The authors link these processes to cognitive impairment, fatigue, dysautonomia, and other Long COVID symptoms. 2/

Despite the perception that COVID-19 is now a mild disease, there is overwhelming evidence indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection is capable of producing widespread post-acute sequelae in a significant percentage of infections. 3/

Read 4 tweets

Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jun 19

I think, therefore I age!

As people get older, a growing population of cells starts to consume more energy — perhaps because the cells accumulate damage that leads them to rev up processes such as inflammation. 1/

An emerging hypothesis suggests that the brain accommodates these energy-hogging ‘senescent cells’ by stripping resources from other biological processes, which ultimately results in outward signs of ageing, such as greying hair or a reduction in muscle mass. 2/

It’s one example of a growing understanding of how our brains control ageing and how psychological stress can accelerate the process at a molecular level. 3/

Read 5 tweets

Support us! We are indie developers!

This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Share this page!

Enter URL or ID to Unroll

Vipin M. Vashishtha

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

More from @vipintukur

Vipin M. Vashishtha

Vipin M. Vashishtha

Vipin M. Vashishtha

Vipin M. Vashishtha

Vipin M. Vashishtha

Vipin M. Vashishtha

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Send Email!