🇺🇸 🇫🇷 Marthe Rigault was a 12-year old girl living with her parents at their farm near the village of Graignes, a few miles to the south of Carentan in Normandy. During the early hours of 6 June 1944, her world was turned upside down as liberators from across the ocean fell from the sky. 1/5
The American paratroopers were from the 82nd Airborne who had been misdropped and they landed in the flooded marshlands around Graignes. Many would lose their lives drowning in the marshes before they had a chance to fight. The first paratrooper she saw was one who knocked on the farmhouse door. The family let him in and helped him dry off in front of the fire. 2/5
Over the next few days, over a hundred stragglers were given shelter in the barn, then the sector saw the arrival of the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen. 3/5
The village came under heavy attack on 11 June. Locals had used their flat bottomed boats to scour the marshes and much of the paratroopers' equipment and mortars had been retrieved, but the paratroopers were forced out and many found refuge in local dwellings. Marthe and her sister, without their parents knowledge, continued to hide 23 Americans in the barn loft, bringing them eggs, rabbits and potatoes.
Marthe is seen here with her father and sister Marie-Jeanne after the fighting had moved on. 4/5
Marthe was awarded the Légion d'Honneur last week in a ceremony held in Carentan. Present, was Stephen Rabe, whose father had been one of the paratroopers helped by Marthe and her sister. More can be learned about these lost paratroopers and the role played by the villagers of Graignes in his book, "The Lost Paratroopers of Normandy". 5/5
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The previous day, the Luftwaffe had once more launched multiple attacks on southern England, hitting airfields and the Chain Home radar station at Ventnor on the Isle of Wight.
During the attack on RAF Tangmere, American volunteer Pilot Officer William Fiske of No. 601 Squadron saw his Hurricane fighter hit and a fire broke out in the cockpit.
He crash landed at Tangmere and was brought out of the plane alive, but died the next day from surgical shock.
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William "Billy" Fiske was born into a wealthy banking family in Chicago on 14 June 1911.
He travelled extensively at a young age, attending school in France, and discovered winter sports in Switzerland and, by the time he was 16, he had represented the USA at the St Moritz winter olympics and come away with a gold medal as driver of a five-man bobsled team.
He also took part in the 1932 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, USA and as driver of a four-man team, came away with a second gold.
An invitation to the 1936 Winter games in Germany was turned down as "Billy" was opposed to Hitler's regime.
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"Billy" was also one of the founders of a ski resort in Aspen, today a venue for the rich and famous, but back in the mid-1930s, it was a run down former mining town, but he saw its potential as a resort and by 1937 had opened a ski lodge and lift there. 3/7
15 August 1945 - Japan
Sub-Lieutenant Fred Hockley RNVR, a Seafire pilot who had been shot down that day, is taken to the mountains near the town of Ichinomiya.
It is now nine hours since Emporer Hirohito announced Japan's surrender... 1/7
Born on 4 March 1923, he lived at 12 Hempfield Road in Littleport, Cambridgeshire with his parents George and Hannah and sister Kathleen.
Upon leaving the local grammar school he worked as a clerk at the nearby railway station and then joined the Royal Navy. 2/7
Fred had passed the competitive examination of the Y programme, an emergency scheme for training Royal Naval reserve officer volunteers, allowing boys of the age of 16 or 17 to choose to join the Navy when they were eventually called up.
After flying training, he earned his wings and became a fighter pilot posted 24 Wing on the aircraft carrier HMS Indefatigable.
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American citizen, Varian Fry, opens the Centre Americain de Secours (American Center for Relief) in the port city of Marseille in the Vichy-government controlled unoccupied zone.
It will establish an escape network that goes on to save an estimated 2,000 Jewish and ant-Nazi refugees, many of whom were artists and intellectuals.
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Fry was born in New York City on 15 October 1907 and by the age of nine, already showed a humanitarian streak when he held a fund raiser for the American Red Cross during World War One.
He went on to study at Harvard and whilst there, was introduced to Eileen Avery Hughes, his senior by seven years and editor of the Atlantic Monthly (now The Atlantic) who he married in 1931.
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Fry's work as a journalist took him to Berlin in 1935 and it was there that he saw first-hand how German Jews were being increasingly persecuted. He would later state that "I could not remain idle as long as I had any chances at all of saving even a few of its intended victims."
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In the early hours of 16 July 1942, eleven French and British SOE agents, held in a French prison camp at Mauzac in the Dordogne, make a successful break for freedom. 1/8
A wave of arrests in October 1941 in the non-occupied zone saw many SOE agents fall into the hands of the Vichy police. Among them was Georges Bégué, the first SOE F Section agent to be parachuted into France in May 1941. 2/8
After spells in prisons in Marseille, Limoges and Périgueux, the SOE agents were transferred to Mauzac in March 42. Gaby Pierre-Bloch, whose husband Jean was at Mauzac, and Virginia Hall, an American working for the SOE, tried to hatch plans for an escape, but had thus far failed. 3/8
29 June 1940 - Hermann in Paris and the Rose thorn in his side...
It has now been two weeks since the Germans marched into Paris and people are slowly becoming accustomed to the sight of German troops enjoying a drink at the terrace cafés.
One of Paris' most famous restaurants, sees Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring and his entourage arrive.
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Göring is in Paris to see what art he can loot, as he has already done in Amsterdam.
The French museums had already began evacuating some their most precious works, and in one, a French woman would become a particular thorn in the side of the Nazi plunderers. 2/7
When the Nazi jackboots sounded on the Champs Elysées, 41-year old Rose Valland was working as a volunteer at the Musée Jeu de Paume, Place de la Concorde where she had organised exhibitions on foreign contemporary art. 3/7
21 June 1940
Adolf Hitler flies in to Compiègne in northern France and is taken by car to a clearing in a nearby forest where, just 21 years and 7 months before, an armistice was signed to cease hostilities in a war that had seen so much death and destruction.
The clearing at Rethondes has been carefully prepared. SS troops line the road leading to the area where the railway carriage has been pulled out of its memorial building. A Nazi flag covers the Alsace-Lorraine memorial with its inscription
"TO THE HEROIC SOLDIERS OF FRANCE. DEFENDERS OF THE COUNTRY AND OF RIGHT. GLORIOUS LIBERATORS OF ALSACE-LORRAINE."
That of Maréchal Foch, is left uncovered, as if to witness the terrible defeat of France.
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Present at the clearing is American journalist and writer William L. Shirer. He types down what he sees. He is seen here (left) under a tree with the building that housed the carriage in the background.
"The time is now, I see by my notes, 3:18 PM in the forest of Compiègne. Hitler's personal standard is run up on a small post in the center of the circular opening in the woods. Also in the center is a great granite block which stands some three feet above the ground. Hitler, followed by the others, walks slowly over to it, steps up, and reads the inscription engraved in great high letters on that block. Many of you will remember the words of that inscription. The Führer slowly reads them, and the inscription says: "HERE ON THE ELEVENTH OF NOVEMBER 1918 SUCCUMBED THE CRIMINAL PRIDE OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE. VANQUISHED BY THE FREE PEOPLES WHICH IT TRIED TO ENSLAVE."
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Shirer continues, "It is now 3:23 PM and the German leaders stride over to the armistice car. This car, of course, was not standing on this spot yesterday. It was standing seventy-five yards down the rusty tracks on the shoulder of a tiny museum built to house it by an American citizen, Mr. Arthur Henry Fleming of Pasadena, California.
Yesterday the car was removed from the museum by German Army engineers and rolled back those seventy-five yards to this spot where it stood on the morning of November 11, 1918."
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