🇺🇸 🇫🇷 Marthe Rigault was a 12-year old girl living with her parents at their farm near the village of Graignes, a few miles to the south of Carentan in Normandy. During the early hours of 6 June 1944, her world was turned upside down as liberators from across the ocean fell from the sky. 1/5
The American paratroopers were from the 82nd Airborne who had been misdropped and they landed in the flooded marshlands around Graignes. Many would lose their lives drowning in the marshes before they had a chance to fight. The first paratrooper she saw was one who knocked on the farmhouse door. The family let him in and helped him dry off in front of the fire. 2/5
Over the next few days, over a hundred stragglers were given shelter in the barn, then the sector saw the arrival of the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen. 3/5
The village came under heavy attack on 11 June. Locals had used their flat bottomed boats to scour the marshes and much of the paratroopers' equipment and mortars had been retrieved, but the paratroopers were forced out and many found refuge in local dwellings. Marthe and her sister, without their parents knowledge, continued to hide 23 Americans in the barn loft, bringing them eggs, rabbits and potatoes.
Marthe is seen here with her father and sister Marie-Jeanne after the fighting had moved on. 4/5
Marthe was awarded the Légion d'Honneur last week in a ceremony held in Carentan. Present, was Stephen Rabe, whose father had been one of the paratroopers helped by Marthe and her sister. More can be learned about these lost paratroopers and the role played by the villagers of Graignes in his book, "The Lost Paratroopers of Normandy". 5/5
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🇫🇷 A forgotten war crime
By 27 September 1944, most of France was now liberated and for the parts which weren't, the breeze of freedom could be felt. On this Wednesday in the village of Etobon in the Jura hills, nothing would ever be the same again. 1/4
With the Allies only six miles away, local maquis groups harassed retreating German units. On the morning of the 27th, a Wehrmacht unit enters the village and the mayor, Charles Nardin, was ordered to gather all the menfolk under the pretext that they were to dig anti-tank ditches. 2/4
Gathered at the village hall, the men, aged between 17 and 60 discover that they are not there for the work they thought they had been requisitioned for. Placed in trucks, they are transported to the nearby village of Chenebier. An interrogation of sorts is carried out and 27 men are sent to Belfort and will later be deported to Germany. 3/4
🇳🇱 🇬🇧 Arnhem - 21 September 1944
With fighting now ceased at the bridge over the Rhine, Germans mop up and begin moving forces towards the remaining British airborne pocket at Oosterbeek and south towards Nijemegen. British POWs are marched off - one will escape and find refuge with a family in the suburb of Velp where a teenage girl called Audrey lives... 1/12
Audrey Kathleen Ruston was born in Brussels in 1929 to Baroness Ellea van Heemstra and British father Joseph Ruston (he later added Hepburn to his name as he wrongly thought he was a descendent of James Hepburn, 3rd husband of Mary Queen of Scots. 2/12
Her grandfather, Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra was mayor of Arnhem in 1910-20. He then went on to become governor of the Dutch colony of Suriname. The family owned an estate in Velp, a suburb of Arnhem. 3/12
The Basque hero of the Comet escape line
Florentino Goikoetxea was born into a poor family in 1898 and became a smuggler, crossing the Pyrenees with contreband. After the Spanish Civil War, he escape Franco's men and settled in the French town of Ciboure just across the border. 1/5
After the fall of France, the border area became filled with refugees from as far away as Holland, trying to escape into neutral Spain. One Dutch family, unsuccessful in making the crossing, was that of Fernand De Greef, his wife Elvire and their two children Frederick and Janine, who settled in the Pyreneen town of Anglet, near the border. 2/5
The De Greef family would go on to play an instrumental role in the Comet Escape Line, helping Allied airmen shot down in occupied Belgium escape through France and across the mountains into Spain.
Florentino became one of the Basque guides who helped the airmen cross the mountains, avoiding German soldiers and French border patrols. 3/5
🇫🇷 On 12 September 1944, Robert Benoist's life ended in the dank cellar of the Buchenwald concentration camp crematorium. He was hanged from a hook on the wall along with other comrades who had fought in the shadows for their country's honour. 1/9
Born in 1895 in the village Auffargis in the Chevreuse valley south west of Paris, his father was a gamekeeper for the Rothschild family who owned the nearby Vaux-de-Cernay Abbey. When war came in 1914, he was serving in the 131st infantry regiment based in Orléans, but he soon transferred to the nascent air arm and qualified as a pilot in 1915. 2/9
After the war he was taken on by the Edmond de Marcay automobile manufacturer as a test driver and won the Paris-Nice rally at the wheel of one of the company's cars in 1921. 3/9
🇫🇷 On the evening of 5 September 1944, 29-year old French secret agent and radio operator, Elisabeth Torlet, came face to face with German soldiers near the village of Blussans next to the Rhône–Rhine Canal. Her comrades found her the next day on a lane near some woods. She had been shot in the head. 1/7
Elisabeth was born on 5 February 1915 in Bordes in the Loiret department and was one of five siblings (she is seen here on the right). She studied in Orléans and when war came in 1939 was in St. Omer in northern France where she worked as a school teacher. 2/7
When France signed the armistice with Nazi Germany in June 1940, she moved to the unoccupied zone and then, in 1942, Elisabeth and her sister Geneviève went to their elder sister's in Morocco and were there on 8 November 1942, when Operation Torch saw Allied troops landing. 3/7
🇧🇪 Andrée De Jongh - to fight without killing
With Brussels now liberated, we look back at a woman who played a role in resisting the German occupation and helping downed Allied airmen.
Andrée was born in 1916 in Schaerbeek, a suburb of Brussels in German occupied Belgium. When Belgium capitulated on 28 May 1940, she volunteered to work in a Bruges hospital where wounded Allied soldiers were being treated. 1/6
In the spring of 1941, Andrée decided that more could be done to help Allied soldiers escape from Belgium and with help from her Great War veteran father Frédéric and Arnold Deppé, she set about creating an escape line. 2/6
She then made her way by train to Bilbao in neutral Spain with two Belgian and one British soldiers, crossing the Pyrenees on foot and finding the British consul to ask for help in setting up an escape line via Spain and, after initial reticence, M19s Michael Cresswell agreed to help the network. 3/6