Created and led by historian Yannis Kadari (Cadet CEO), Vanguard is an international group of historians and authors who are passionate about WWII history.
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Dec 19 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
🇺🇸 Unbroken - The 333rd Field Artillery Battalion
With Bastogne now surrounded, another band of brothers had made its way into the perimeter and played a vital role in fending off German attacks. 1/4
The 333rd Field Artillery Battalion was a racially segregated unit composed of African-American troops. A day into the German offensive in the Ardennes, the unit fought back at Schoenberg near St. Vith and remained at the guns even when the Germans broke into their lines. 2/4
Dec 16 • 8 tweets • 5 min read
17 December 1944 - A war crime and payback 32 years later.
On day two of the German Ardennes offensive, Waffen-SS troops of Kampfgruppe Peiper murdered eighty-four U.S. POWs in a field at Malmedy on the second day of the Ardennes offensive. Led by Joachim Peiper, the SS troops encountered a convoy of American rear-echelon troops at Malmedy and captured 113 men, most of whom were of Battery B of the 285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion. 1/8
The men were taken to a field by a crossroads and gunned down, but there were survivors. Peiper survived the war and was put on trial at Dachau with the main accusation concerning the Malmedy Massacre. 2/8
Dec 14 • 6 tweets • 4 min read
🇺🇸 A serenade for eternity
15 December 1944. At 1.45 pm, a UC-64A Norseman lands at RAF Twinwood Farm to pick up a prestigious passenger. Major Glenn Miller boards the aircraft and greets Lt Col Norman F Baessell who has offered to take him to Paris where he is due to establish his band and play concerts for American troops. Ten minutes later the Norseman, flown by Flight Officer John R.S. Morgan, takes off and is never seen again. 1/6
Miller voluntarily enlisted in the fall of 1942 and was commissioned as a captain in the Army Specialist Corps before being transferred to the AAF Technical Training Command (TTC) where he formed a band. In May 44, Eisenhower requested the transfer of Miller's AAF band to Great Britain and was introduced to another star in London, the actor Lt. Col. David Niven who was deputy director of SHAEF Broadcasting. (Niven is seen here in the 1942 film 'First of the Few' with Leslie Howard who would die on 1 June 1943 when the plane he was flying in was shot down over the Bay of Biscay). 2/6
Nov 23 • 6 tweets • 4 min read
🇫🇷 It has been announced today that Marc Bloch will enter the Panthéon in Paris. On the evening of 16 June 1944, Marc Bloch was in Montluc prison in Lyon. Footsteps rang out down the corridors and cell doors clanged open. Led out of his cell, he joined 29 other Resistance prisoners who were led to waiting trucks. 1/6
Bloch was born in Lyon on 6 July 1886 into a Jewish-Alsatian family and was working as a high school teacher in Amiens when the Great War broke out. Having already done his two years obligatory military service, he was mobilised as a sergeant into the 272nd Infantry Regiment and saw action during the bloody Battle of the Frontier and on the Marne, then later the Somme and other battles right up to the end of the war. 2/6
Nov 9 • 6 tweets • 3 min read
10 November 1944.
Thirteen members of the (Steinbrück) Ehrenfeld anti-Nazi resistance group are publicly executed outside Ehrenfeld train station (Cologne). Among them are six Edelweiss Pirate teenagers. 1/6
Edelweißpiraten were counter-culture groups of youths who were against the forced indoctrination of the Nazi party and its youth organisations (BDM and HJ) for whom they bore a particular hatred, occasionally ambushing groups of the latter and handing out a beating. 2/6
Nov 1 • 5 tweets • 3 min read
🇺🇸 🇫🇷 Marthe Rigault was a 12-year old girl living with her parents at their farm near the village of Graignes, a few miles to the south of Carentan in Normandy. During the early hours of 6 June 1944, her world was turned upside down as liberators from across the ocean fell from the sky. 1/5
The American paratroopers were from the 82nd Airborne who had been misdropped and they landed in the flooded marshlands around Graignes. Many would lose their lives drowning in the marshes before they had a chance to fight. The first paratrooper she saw was one who knocked on the farmhouse door. The family let him in and helped him dry off in front of the fire. 2/5
Sep 27 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
🇫🇷 A forgotten war crime
By 27 September 1944, most of France was now liberated and for the parts which weren't, the breeze of freedom could be felt. On this Wednesday in the village of Etobon in the Jura hills, nothing would ever be the same again. 1/4
With the Allies only six miles away, local maquis groups harassed retreating German units. On the morning of the 27th, a Wehrmacht unit enters the village and the mayor, Charles Nardin, was ordered to gather all the menfolk under the pretext that they were to dig anti-tank ditches. 2/4
Sep 21 • 12 tweets • 7 min read
🇳🇱 🇬🇧 Arnhem - 21 September 1944
With fighting now ceased at the bridge over the Rhine, Germans mop up and begin moving forces towards the remaining British airborne pocket at Oosterbeek and south towards Nijemegen. British POWs are marched off - one will escape and find refuge with a family in the suburb of Velp where a teenage girl called Audrey lives... 1/12
Audrey Kathleen Ruston was born in Brussels in 1929 to Baroness Ellea van Heemstra and British father Joseph Ruston (he later added Hepburn to his name as he wrongly thought he was a descendent of James Hepburn, 3rd husband of Mary Queen of Scots. 2/12
Sep 15 • 5 tweets • 3 min read
The Basque hero of the Comet escape line
Florentino Goikoetxea was born into a poor family in 1898 and became a smuggler, crossing the Pyrenees with contreband. After the Spanish Civil War, he escape Franco's men and settled in the French town of Ciboure just across the border. 1/5
After the fall of France, the border area became filled with refugees from as far away as Holland, trying to escape into neutral Spain. One Dutch family, unsuccessful in making the crossing, was that of Fernand De Greef, his wife Elvire and their two children Frederick and Janine, who settled in the Pyreneen town of Anglet, near the border. 2/5
Sep 12 • 9 tweets • 5 min read
🇫🇷 On 12 September 1944, Robert Benoist's life ended in the dank cellar of the Buchenwald concentration camp crematorium. He was hanged from a hook on the wall along with other comrades who had fought in the shadows for their country's honour. 1/9
Born in 1895 in the village Auffargis in the Chevreuse valley south west of Paris, his father was a gamekeeper for the Rothschild family who owned the nearby Vaux-de-Cernay Abbey. When war came in 1914, he was serving in the 131st infantry regiment based in Orléans, but he soon transferred to the nascent air arm and qualified as a pilot in 1915. 2/9
Sep 5 • 7 tweets • 4 min read
🇫🇷 On the evening of 5 September 1944, 29-year old French secret agent and radio operator, Elisabeth Torlet, came face to face with German soldiers near the village of Blussans next to the Rhône–Rhine Canal. Her comrades found her the next day on a lane near some woods. She had been shot in the head. 1/7
Elisabeth was born on 5 February 1915 in Bordes in the Loiret department and was one of five siblings (she is seen here on the right). She studied in Orléans and when war came in 1939 was in St. Omer in northern France where she worked as a school teacher. 2/7
Sep 5 • 6 tweets • 4 min read
🇧🇪 Andrée De Jongh - to fight without killing
With Brussels now liberated, we look back at a woman who played a role in resisting the German occupation and helping downed Allied airmen.
Andrée was born in 1916 in Schaerbeek, a suburb of Brussels in German occupied Belgium. When Belgium capitulated on 28 May 1940, she volunteered to work in a Bruges hospital where wounded Allied soldiers were being treated. 1/6
In the spring of 1941, Andrée decided that more could be done to help Allied soldiers escape from Belgium and with help from her Great War veteran father Frédéric and Arnold Deppé, she set about creating an escape line. 2/6
Sep 2 • 8 tweets • 4 min read
2 September 1944
The town of Loches in central France, situated on the strategic road between Tours and Châteauroux is liberated by American forces. It is the second time that the town celebrates its freedom - the first was in mid-August but the Germans came back. The area was also terrorized by the leader of a fake resistance group. This thread tells the story of the Lecoz 'maquis noir'. 1/8
The Maquis Noirs were 'fake' resistance fighters, often former or actual criminals, using their weapons to steal, plunder and murder. Their were several groups such as these, taking advantage of the chaos of the summer of 44. In the Loches sector, the "Maquis Lecoz" was led by a certain Capitaine Lecoz (centre) 2/8
Aug 27 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
Love has no limits...
27 August 1944. Resistance fighter and intelligence gatherer for a Special Operations Executive network, Auguste Vion, is shot after being caught trying to blow up the Dijon-Strasbourg railway. The train he is trying to stop is carrying the last Dijon deportees to Germany - his wife is among them. 1/4
Auguste was born in the small town of Chagny (Saône-et-Loire - 71150) in 1906. He later qualified as an agricultural engineer before going on to do his military service. Captured in the Battle of France in 1940, he returned home to his wife Alphonsine and their three children. He soon began his Resistance activities and in 1944 he led the Chagny Resistance group and coordinated sabotage and arms drops as part of the SOE Porthus Buckmaster circuit. 2/4
Jul 26 • 9 tweets • 4 min read
With the Paris Olympics about to start, here is a short thread on just some of the 403 known Olympians who lost their lives during the Second World War. 1/9
🇫🇷 Géo André was a French track and field star whose first Olympics were those of London in 1908 and who, despite being badly wounded in the Great War, went on to shine at the 1920 and 1924 games. He enlisted again in North Africa and was killed in action aged 53 during the fighting for Tunis on 4 May 1943. 2/9
Jul 22 • 10 tweets • 6 min read
🇫🇷 Occupied Paris - 23 July 1944
19-year old Madeleine Riffaud cycles along the Parisian cobblestone streets. She has a gun and has been ordered to take the war to the enemy. She stops on the Pont de Solferino. There is a German soldier there, watching the Seine. Madeleine waits until he turns towards her, and then shoots him twice in the head.... 1/10
Madeleine was born on 23 August 1924 at Arvillers in the Somme department. Her parents were school teachers and her father had been badly wounded during the Great War. Family holidays are spent in the Haute-Vienne with family friends near a village called Oradour-sur-Glane. 2/ 10
Jul 22 • 9 tweets • 5 min read
🇫🇷 Toulouse - Saturday, 22 July 1944
Ariadna Scriabina (Knout) and two other French Resistance members go to an appartment used as a dead drop at 11 rue de la Pomme in the city of Toulouse. She is carrying false identification papers for other Resistance members. What they do not know is that French Milice are waiting inside... 1/9
Born in Bogliasco, Italy 26 October 1905, her Russian composer father Alexander Scriabin, moved around Europe and when her parents divorced, Ariadna continued to lead a bohemian existence in various countries, such as Switzerland and Holland where she is seen here aged three. 2/9
Jul 19 • 9 tweets • 5 min read
🇫🇷 Occupied Paris - 20 July 1943
Geneviève de Gaulle, niece of Charles, enters a Parisian bookshop that is used as a dead drop by her Resistance network. Unknown to her, the Gestapo are watching and this will be her last day of freedom and the start of almost two years of misery... 1/9
Geneviève was born on 25 October 1920 in Saint-Jean-de-Valériscle (Gard) southern France. Her father, Xavier, was the eldest brother of Charles and they both saw action in the Great War. When a second war came along in 39, she was in Brittany where her father was moblized as a reserve officer. Charles is on the left in the photo and Xavier second from the right. 2/9
Jul 15 • 8 tweets • 4 min read
🇫🇷 From flying pioneer to speed records, and finally death at the hands of the Gestapo - the story of Joseph Sadi-Lecointe who died 80 years ago this day after weeks of torture. 1/8
Born in the Somme village of Saint-Germain-sur-Bresle (80703) on 11 July 1891, Joseph later went to school in Amiens before going on to finding work as a mechanic and welder in the Minet factory near Paris. It was there, in 1910, that he took a prototype 'Zenith' aircraft for a spin without ever having had a flying lesson and thus became one of those magnificent men in their flying machines, and going on to flying Blériots. 2/8
Jul 10 • 4 tweets • 3 min read
The last of the few - from the Battle of Britain to Normandy
84 years ago saw the start of a sustained Luftwaffe air campaign against the British Isles that would become known as "The Battle of Britain". One of the fighter pilots, John 'Paddy' Hemingway is still with us and in a week's time will celebrate his 105th birthday. 1/4
Born in Dublin in 1919, he flew with No. 85 Squadron during the Battle of Britain, and had to bail out of his Hurricane over the Thames Estuary the day after his 21st birthday. Burned out by the end of the Battle of Britain, as many of the young fighter pilots were, he was put on light duties and by the time of the Normandy landings held the rank of Squadron Leader. 2/4
Jul 6 • 8 tweets • 4 min read
🇺🇸 From a Mustang cockpit to execution alongside SAS soldiers.
On 10 June 1944, 2 Lt Lincoln Bundy was flying a mission with his 486th Fighter Squadron over Normandy and had just finished strafing German vehicles near Crulai (61300) when he was bounced by an Me 109 flown by Luftwaffe ace Staffelkapitän Lutz-Wilhelm Burkhardt. Bundy bailed out of his stricken P-51 and came down near Les Apres (61270) where he was hidden away by a local man. 1/8
The following day Bundy decided to head south and cross the border into Spain - he now had a set of civilian clothes and only had a silk map and button evasion compass to find his way, moving by night and sleeping by day. After around two weeks, he had made it as far as the hamlet of Anzec some six miles from Poitiers and he was found filling his water bottle there by a young boy name Serge who, as luck would have it, had a father in the Resistance. 2/8