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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Nov 3 • 7 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
Did PEOPLE in Cambodia HAD ANTIBODIES against SARS-CoV-2 PRIOR to the START of the PANDEMIC?

A fascinating study !
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ad…Image
2) The researchers found that more people in Cambodia had antibodies against the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) compared to people in the US.
They think this is because people in Cambodia may have been exposed to similar viruses found in bats in the region ... Image
3) ...not because of malaria infections as some had suggested. The Cambodian samples reacted more strongly to a bat coronavirus than to the COVID-19 virus itself.
Further tests showed that many Cambodian samples could neutralize, or block, not just the COVID-19 virus, but ... Image
4) ...also other related coronaviruses from bats and other animals.

The authors believe this is likely due to people in Cambodia having prior exposure to these bat-related viruses, perhaps through practices like bat guano farming. Image
5) This helps explain the higher pre-pandemic antibody levels seen in Cambodia compared to the US, where people would not have had the same exposures.
6) The main takeaway is that a population's previous exposure to similar viruses can affect how they respond to an emerging infectious disease like COVID-19. Understanding these local exposure histories is important when interpreting antibody test results.

Thanks for reading 🙏
7) We've previously shared this study, which was "cutted" by X. We've now reposted it along with the complete thread. Apologies for any confusion!

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 5
PATIENTS with LONG COVID show SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE to their MITOCHONDRIA, the powerhouses of cells.

link.springer.com/article/10.100…Image
2) Mitochondria in Long COVID patients had structural abnormalities, such as swelling and irregular shape. The study also detected imbalances in proteins that regulate mitochondrial function, indicating disruption in how mitochondria divide and fuse. Image
3) Importantly, the researchers discovered reduced levels of mitochondrial DNA in the blood of Long COVID patients, suggesting issues with mitochondrial recycling. These findings highlight the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the persistent symptoms of Long COVID. Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 5
CHILDREN with COVID-19 were OVER 4 TIMES MORE LIKELY to have VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY compared to healthy children.
A systematic review and meta-analysis

(mega-thread🧵)
journals.lww.com/md-journal/ful…Image
2) This study found that children with COVID-19 often have low levels of vitamin D. Children who were deficient in vitamin D were more likely to develop severe COVID-19 symptoms, compared to those with normal vitamin D levels. Image
3) The review suggests that ensuring children get enough vitamin D could help protect them from getting very sick with COVID-19. However, more research is still needed to determine the optimal amount of vitamin D supplementation to prevent severe illness in children. Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 5
How well do different COVID-19 vaccines protect against different viral variants?
A systematic review and meta-analysis

This meta-analysis included 36 studies with a total of 90 variant-specific primary outcomes.
academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance…Image
2) This study compared how well different COVID-19 vaccines protect against various virus variants. It found that newer vaccines using genetic technology (like Moderna and Pfizer) provided the highest and most consistent protection. Image
3) Older vaccine types (like viral vector and inactivated virus) showed decreasing protection as new variants emerged over time. The vaccines worked best against the original virus strain, with less effectiveness against later variants like Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Beta. 4 Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 4
HAVE WE finally UNCOVERED the "SECRET" of ASYMPTOMATIC individuals?

This study provides some insights into why some people remain asymptomatic when infected with SARS-CoV-2, particularly the newer variants
nature.com/articles/s4159…Image
2) Key findings were :

- Stronger interferon response:
The study found that asymptomatic individuals, especially those infected with the delta variant, showed higher activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) compared to symptomatic cases. Image
3) Interferons are signaling proteins that are crucial for the body's antiviral defenses. This suggests that a robust interferon response helps control the infection and prevent severe disease.

- Better regulation of inflammation:
Asymptomatic individuals had lower expression .. Image
Read 8 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 4
Characterization of H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS isolated from bird in Russia with the E627K MUTATION in the PB2 PROTEIN

nature.com/articles/s4159…Image
2) Researchers in Russia isolated a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus from a bird in 2023. This virus had a specific mutation (E627K) in the PB2 protein, which can help the virus adapt better to infect mammals. Image
3) Tests showed this mutated virus was more deadly to mice and could spread through the air between ferrets, though only to a limited extent. The virus still preferred to bind to bird-like receptors, which likely restricted its ability to transmit efficiently between mammals. Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 4
"ESTIMATING the HERITABILITY of SARS-CoV-2 SUSCEPTIBILITY and COVID-19 severity"

A key study to understand who is susceptible to COVID-19 💯👍
nature.com/articles/s4146…Image
2) This study looked at how much someone's genes and their shared environment (like their household or building) affect their chances of getting infected with COVID-19 and how sick they get from it. Image
3) Key findings are:
- The importance of genes vs. shared environment in determining who gets infected changed over the course of the pandemic. Early on, shared environment was more important. But later, genes became more important in explaining who got infected. Image
Read 7 tweets

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