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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Nov 17, 2024 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
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A concise DAY-BY-DAY SUMMARY of the KEY EVENTS during SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION 💯👍

We've chosen to share this remarkable study again, offering a different perspective that enhances our understanding of the infection process.
nature.com/articles/s4158…Image
2) ▶️ Day -1: Participants with higher pre-existing HLA-DQA2 expression were less likely to develop sustained infection.

▶️ Days 1-3: Even in transient/abortive infections, rapid antiviral responses occurred, including MAIT cell activation and decreased inflammatory monocytes. Image
3) ▶️ Days 3-5: In sustained infections, interferon signaling rapidly activated in blood, preceding the mucosal response.

▶️ Days 5-7: Immune infiltration and viral load peaked in the nasopharynx, with a subset of hyperinfected ciliated cells driving viral production. Image
4) ▶️ Day 10: SARS-CoV-2 specific activated T cells expanded, with an unexpected prominent role for cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the mucosal response.

▶️ Day 14: Regulatory T cells peaked, potentially helping resolve inflammation after viral clearance. Image
5) Overall, this dataset provides unprecedented insights into the dynamic interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune response over time.

Thanks for reading 🙏 Image

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 26
NIPAH VIRUS
Jumping to conclusions during outbreaks only fuels panic and misunderstanding; NOT EVERY VIRUS OUTBREAK is a PANDEMIC.

We raised the alarm about Nipah in 2023, but it’s essential not to confuse an epidemic related to this virus, ... Image
2) ...like the one in India, with a pandemic risk or a situation like COVID-19.
Nipah virus is transmitted primarily from animals, especially bats, to humans. It spreads through direct contact with infected animals, their secretions, or contaminated foods.
3) Human-to-human transmission occurs only through close contact, such as touching or caring for an infected person, as well as sharing fluids like saliva or blood.
We cannot equate a virus transmitted through fluids with a respiratory virus like SARS-CoV-2. Image
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 28, 2025
"70% to 90% of our CELLS are completely RENEWED in less than 5 YEARS!
So If we’re mostly "New", why are so many still struggling with SARS-CoV-2?

We will tackle this question, which is more complex than it seems, in several posts. Image
2) First, let's say a few words about cell renewal.
70% to 90% of our cells are renewed over time. This turnover occurs in various cell types, including skin, blood, and immune cells, allowing the body to replace damaged or aged cells.
sciencefocus.com/the-human-body…Image
3) For instance, red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days, while skin cells regenerate every few weeks.
Even with significant cell renewal, aging persists due to changes in our DNA.
sciencefocus.com/the-human-body…Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 26, 2025
UNRAVELING CO-INFECTION:
How SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses Interact ?
(In layman's terms)

Two groundbreaking studies exploring the complex dynamics of viral co-infection!
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
Image
2) Co-infection occurs when a person is infected by more than one virus at the same time. This can lead to interesting and sometimes complex interactions between the viruses Image
3) In one study about SARS-CoV-2, researchers found that when different versions of this virus infect the same person, they can mix their genetic material through a process called recombination. This means that the new version of the virus can have traits from both parent viruses Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 24, 2025
ENVELOPE PROTEIN and LONG COVID

For more than three years, we have been emphasizing that the envelope protein is an essential component and that we cannot limit our focus to just the spike protein. We are now uncovering its role in long COVID. Image
2) Here are some insights on the E protein and its role in long COVID, as discussed in this recent study.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12…Image
3) The Envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role for several reasons:

▶️ Virus Assembly and Release: The E protein is essential for the virus's assembly and budding from infected cells, contributing to its stability and infectivity.
Read 8 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 21, 2025
"N''oubliez jamais" (Never forget - Joe Cocker)🧵

In 2022, COVID-19 was the second leading cause of death globally, with the repercussions of the virus far from over. The lasting impact of the pandemic continues to affect lives around the world.
2)
3)
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 20, 2025
LONG COVID : Sticky Microclots in the blood !

Recent research may have identified a key factor contributing to long COVID: microscopic clots intertwined with immune system debris in the blood. These unusual structures were found to be nearly 20 times more prevalent ... Image
2) ...in long COVID patients compared to healthy individuals. The clots, associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), suggest a potential biological marker for persistent symptoms. Image
3) These microclots could impede blood flow in small vessels, leading to issues like brain fog, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Image
Read 4 tweets

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