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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Nov 18 • 6 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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H5N1 INFECTION through the MOTHER'S MILK

The results showed that intramammary H5N1 infection led to 100% mortality in the ferret dams and their suckling kits 😨
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) This study looked at how the H5N1 bird flu virus can spread from infected dairy cows to their newborn calves through the mother's milk.

The researchers infected the mammary glands (breast tissue) of mother ferrets with the H5N1 virus found in dairy cows. Image
3) They found that this led to 100% of the mother ferrets and their nursing baby ferrets dying from the infection.

The virus was able to reach very high levels in the infected mothers' milk and spread to the babies' respiratory systems when they drank the milk. Image
4) This caused severe illness and rapid death in the baby ferrets.

Importantly, the researchers also found that the type of cell receptor the H5N1 virus needs to infect cells is present in both the mammary glands of the ferrets and in human breast tissue. Image
5) This suggests the virus could potentially spread from infected dairy cows to nursing human mothers and their babies through the milk.

This animal study provides a useful model for understanding how the H5N1 virus can spread through milk and ... Image
6) ...the risks it poses, especially for dairy farmers, nursing mothers and their infants. This information is crucial for controlling outbreaks and preventing the virus from spreading between animals and to humans.

Thanks for reading 🙏

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 20
COVID-19 patients show altered immune responses and neuropsychiatric symptoms. SEVERITY CORRELATES with GUT MICROBIOME changes, systemic inflammation, and mental health issues.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) The study examined the connections between gut bacteria, immune responses, and physical/mental health symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It found that many patients experienced significant physical problems, as well as high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Image
3) Interestingly, the severity of COVID-19 was linked to changes in the gut microbiome. Patients with more severe illness had lower diversity and richness of gut bacteria. Certain gut bacteria, like Mitsuokella jalaludinii, were associated with more physical symptoms, stress ... Image
Read 6 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 19
Why Post-COVID recovery seems faster after an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ?

This study looked at factors affecting recovery from long-term COVID-19 symptoms, called post-COVID-19 condition (PCC).
link.springer.com/article/10.100…Image
2) In this study, they used data from a large German study.

Key findings:
- Recovery was faster for people infected with Omicron or Delta variants compared to earlier strains. Image
3) - Once they accounted for the virus variant, vaccination status before infection did not independently affect recovery.
- Only about 37% of people with PCC had recovered within a year after infection.
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 19
SARS-COV-2 POPULATION IMMUNITY: EPITOPES, EPITOPES and EPITOPES !

An epitope is a small part of a molecule (like a protein) that the immune system recognizes and binds to, triggering a response.
journals.plos.org/plospathogens/…Image
2) This study examined how the antibody response targets different parts of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, depending on a person's prior infection and vaccination history. The researchers created a panel of mutant spike proteins to map the key epitopes ... Image
3) ...recognized by neutralizing antibodies. They found that primary infections with different variants elicited distinct antibody targeting patterns, highlighting the antigenic diversity between variants. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 19
Time is of the essence: effectiveness of dairy farm control of H5N1 is limited by fast spread

Weekly bulk milk testing for H5N1 is often too late; better surveillance and focus on biosecurity are needed for effective intervention.
buff.ly/3YWGRCyImage
2) Very interesting data/figures

Fig. 1 Epidemic curve of H5N1 at the farm levels Image
3) Fig. 2 : Surveillance and control strategies require knowledge of both the basic repro- duction number and the intrinsic growth rate. Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 18
UPDATE of AVIAN INFLUENZA (H5N1) INFECTION in ADULT PATIENTS

A great narrative review 💯👍
Thanks to @DavidJoffe64
accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.100…Image
2) Avian influenza, or "bird flu," is a major public health concern worldwide. The H5N1 strain is particularly dangerous, with high rates of transmission and death. While it mainly infects birds, this virus can also spread to humans, leading to severe illness.
3) Diagnosing avian flu requires specialized testing of respiratory samples. Early treatment with antiviral medications like oseltamivir is essential to manage the infection. Preventing exposure by avoiding contact with infected birds and animals is a key prevention strategy. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Nov 18
The "DOUBLE INSULT" of SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION:
Acute Illness and Reactivation of Latent Viruses Contribute to Long COVID

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) The study examined over 1,000 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that many had reactivation of viruses they were already carrying, like Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. Image
3) These reactivated viruses were linked to more severe COVID-19 symptoms and worse outcomes, including higher risk of death.

The researchers also saw that the reactivated viruses triggered specific immune responses, like increased inflammation and changes in gene activity. Image
Read 5 tweets

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