#HTS's tip-of-the-spear advance across #Syria has presented international actors with a huge legal/policy dilemma -- a 🧵
After 2 days of #Syria diplomatic talks, it's clear most are considering the likelihood that designations may need re-considering.
For several years, the U.S. & Europeans have been aware of #HTS's ideological & behavioral change in #Idlib, and the Salvation Govt too -- but the lack of investment in serious #Syria policy meant there was little need to do more than acknowledge & monitor.
On a simple level: #Jolani has a $10 million reward on his head, but he's spent years operating in the open, with no concern for his safety. US drones continued to operate, meanwhile.
If his designation (& #HTS's) were still rock-solid, he'd be dead by now.
Throughout this period of time, as far as I'm aware, there has been some ad hoc direct/indirect communication between #HTS & the US government. Core Europeans have had more substantive contact on a wide range of #Syria policy issues.
It's also an open secret that #HTS has played a role in external government counterterrorism needs in NW #Syria -- quietly detaining & deporting a number of #AlQaeda & #ISIS-linked terror suspects & assisting in a number of covert CT actions inside #Idlib.
Let's also not forget that #HTS's Salvation Gov't has become a widely accepted governing entity by government stakeholders in NW #Syria -- the UN has a permanent office in #Idlib & external aid & education/health programming is coordinated thru SSG bodies.
All of the above (covert contact & work with the SSG) could occur despite #HTS's designation, but it's now acknowledged that #HTS will require a seat at the table in determining #Syria's future.
That will - eventually - require a shift in listing status.
Designation de-listing is a complex & unwieldy issue. My understanding is that sequenced conditions will be put on the table for #HTS to meet -- involving military, political & governance reforms, and moves toward accountability for prior documented crimes.
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Seeing #Assad's former cabinet meeting with #HTS's Salvation Government in #Damascus is truly a staggering thing.
For many years, Syrians aligned with the state risked being disappeared merely for exchanging messages with opposition-aligned people. A 🧵:
In years past, I was involved in a large-scale effort to bring Syrians together from across the crisis spectrum -- for days-long meetings abroad, in neutral venues. Getting people from #Assad-held areas was an enormous logistical & security challenge (for them).
To extend an invite would normally mean first meeting in a neighboring country -- exchanging phone messages or emails whilst in #Syria was a potentially life-threatening thing. Travel would need a cover: a vacation, business meeting, or a family visit.
Over the past week, almost all attention on #Syria has been directed at the #HTS/opposition vs. #Assad dynamic -- and the change of power in #Damascus.
Meanwhile, the #SDF in northeast #Syria has been dealt a tough hand of cards -- a 🧵:
As the anti-#Assad advance gained steam in western #Syria, the Arab tribal component of the #SDF sought to take the fight to #Assad in the east. That happened in Deir ez Zour, but it was hard at times, and complex. It frayed some Arab-YPG ties.
The #SDF also found itself assuming control of resource-intensive areas in #Hasakeh & #Raqqa abandoned by #Assad -- good in theory, but it stretched resources while the #Turkey-backed #SNA launched offensive moves into Tel Rifat & then #Manbij.
NEW -- since the fall of #Hama yesterday, #Syria is witnessing extraordinary developments.
#Assad's future now looks VERY much in question. A 🧵:
Opposition forces are now at the gates of #Homs, preparing to launch a major push into the city. Elite frontline fighters (incl. from #HTS's Asaib al-Hamra) are prepped on four axes, while #Assad's regime has evacuated its #Homs leadership to #Damascus.
Insurgent factions & former opposition groups in #Daraa have declared their intent to liberate the province from #Assad's regime.
The primary crossing with #Jordan, Nassib, has been captured -- expelling the 4th Division north towards #Damascus.
Having worked on #Syria full-time since the crisis began nearly 14yrs ago, there really is no understating how remarkable the losses imposed on #Assad's regime have been over the past week.
A large reason for this lies with #HTS — a 🧵:
Militarily, #HTS has invested enormously since 2020 in enhancing combat capabilities, improving professionalism, tightening its structure & command/control etc.
From an 'officer' class, to special forces, night-time units & an entire drone force - it's changed the game.
The expansion of units like Asaib al-Hamra & introduction of Saraya al-Harari and Kataib Shaheen -- along with large-scale indigenous rocket & missile production -- has created a force that #Assad's regime has seriously struggled to defend against, let alone outmaneuver.
OK -- today is Day 5 of renewed major conflict in #Syria & the frontlines continue to move.
Here's a new 🧵 bringing us up to speed:
#HTS/opposition factions have confirmed full control of all of #Idlib province -- consolidating their capture of Khan Sheikhoun, Saraqeb & Maarat al-Numan and opening the way for large-scale return of IDPs forced out by #Assad's regime in 2020.
From southern #Idlib, #HTS elite units moved south into northern #Hama, joining other forces that reached the north of #Hama city yesterday.
#Assad's regime is now holding firmer frontlines in the provincial capital & in Qomhane, Taybet al-Imam & Maardhes.
OK folks, here's what we know so far from #Syria - a 🧵:
#Aleppo city has fallen, along with the entire western countryside & much of the south too -- including the international airport & Kuweiris Airbase.
A few #Russia airstrikes, but little else.
Next-door in #Idlib, opposition fighters took control of #Saraqeb (cutting the M5 highway) & long-time revolutionary towns of Kafranbel, Maarat al-Numan & Khan Sheikhoun.
After that, they marched into #Hama, taking Morek & advancing all the way to #Hama city.
In northern #Aleppo, the #Turkey-backed SNA is probing into areas controlled jointly by #Assad's regime & the #SDF around Tel Rifat -- but efforts are underway to avoid any major conflict with the #SDF (which would distract from the regime fight elsewhere).