Mike Hoerger, PhD MSCR MBA Profile picture
Dec 16, 2024 8 tweets 10 min read Read on X
PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵1 of 8

🔹1 in 64 (1.6%) actively infectious in the U.S.
🔹750,000 new daily infections and rising
🔹Highest % increase in transmission in nearly 3 years
🔹10th wave is the "silent surge," coming on late out of nowhere

The video will walk you through each of the graphs on the dashboard and covered in this thread.

Info for new readers:

For those unfamiliar with the PMC model, find full weekly reports for the past 14+ months at pmc19.com/data

The models combine data from IHME, Biobot, and CDC to use wastewater to estimate case levels (r = .93 to .96) and forecast levels the next month based on typical levels for that date and recent patterns of changes in transmission the past 4 weeks.

Our work has been cited in top scientific journals and media outlets, which are fully sourced in a detailed technical appendix at pmc19.com/data/PMC_COVID…

Examples include JAMA Onc, JAMA-NO, BMC Public Health, Time, People, TODAY, the Washington Post, the Institute for New Economic Thinking, Salon, Forbes, the New Republic, Fox, CBS, and NBC. See pgs 11-13 at the above link.

We will have a pre-print out in the next month documenting very compelling evidence for the validity of using wastewater to estimate case rates. Forecasting is challenging in the context of the current viral evolution, but the real-time estimates of cases are impressively accurate to the best we can evaluate it.
PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵2 of 8

🔹10th wave taking off (U.S.)
🔹5 million infections expected this week
🔹>250,000 post-infection conditions (#LongCovid) expected to develop from this week's infections
🔹Higher transmission than 73% of the pandemic

Info for new readers (as noted in Tweet 1):

For those unfamiliar with the PMC model, find full weekly reports for the past 14+ months at pmc19.com/data

The models combine data from IHME, Biobot, and CDC to use wastewater to estimate case levels (r = .93 to .96) and forecast levels the next month based on typical levels for that date and recent patterns of changes in transmission the past 4 weeks.

Our work has been cited in top scientific journals and media outlets, which are fully sourced in a detailed technical appendix at pmc19.com/data/PMC_COVID…

Examples include JAMA Onc, JAMA-NO, BMC Public Health, Time, People, TODAY, the Washington Post, the Institute for New Economic Thinking, Salon, Forbes, the New Republic, Fox, CBS, and NBC. See pgs 11-13 at the above link.

We will have a pre-print out in the next month documenting very compelling evidence for the validity of using wastewater to estimate case rates. Forecasting is challenging in the context of the current viral evolution, but the real-time estimates of cases are impressively accurate to the best we can evaluate it.Current Levels for Dec 16, 2024 % of the Population Infectious 1.6% (1 in 64) New Daily Infections 748,000  New Weekly Infections 5,236,000  Resulting Weekly Long COVID Cases 262,000 to 1,047,000  Monthly Forecast Average % of the Population Infectious 2.5% (1 in 41) Average New Daily Infections 1,178,167 New Infections During the Next Month 35,345,000 Resulting Monthly Long COVID Cases 1,767,000 to 7,069,000  Running Totals Infections Nationwide in 2024 242,424,000 Average Number of Infections Per Person All-Time, U.S. 3.50  There is more COVID-19 transmission today than during 73.3% of th...
PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵3 of 8

Areas of the U.S. depicted in darker red have higher transmission, as of 9 days ago. The map uses CDC data and is simply the CDC "cool blue" map recolored in more traditional red, which is best practices.

The line graph shows transmission increasing by region.

CDC map:
cdc.gov/nwss/rv/COVID1…

CDC regional graph:
cdc.gov/nwss/rv/COVID1…

Info for new readers (as noted in Tweet 1):

For those unfamiliar with the PMC model, find full weekly reports for the past 14+ months at pmc19.com/data

The models combine data from IHME, Biobot, and CDC to use wastewater to estimate case levels (r = .93 to .96) and forecast levels the next month based on typical levels for that date and recent patterns of changes in transmission the past 4 weeks.

Our work has been cited in top scientific journals and media outlets, which are fully sourced in a detailed technical appendix at pmc19.com/data/PMC_COVID…

Examples include JAMA Onc, JAMA-NO, BMC Public Health, Time, People, TODAY, the Washington Post, the Institute for New Economic Thinking, Salon, Forbes, the New Republic, Fox, CBS, and NBC. See pgs 11-13 at the above link.

We will have a pre-print out in the next month documenting very compelling evidence for the validity of using wastewater to estimate case rates. Forecasting is challenging in the context of the current viral evolution, but the real-time estimates of cases are impressively accurate to the best we can evaluate it.Map shows highest transmission in Arizona, New Mexico, Minnesota, and Massachusetts.  Estimated Percentage Actively Infectious  	PMC Model		Raw CDC Data (9 days old) National	1.6% (1 in 64)		0.9% (1 in 113) Northeast	0.8% (1 in 132)		0.4% (1 in 234) Midwest	2.4% (1 in 41)		1.4% (1 in 73) South	1.3% (1 in 74)		0.8% (1 in 132) West	1.5% (1 in 66)		0.9% (1 in 118)
PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵4 of 8

The year-over-year graph shows how atypical the present winter wave is, especially with the extended late lull, which creates uncertainty.

The forecast anticipates 1.3 million daily infections as we enter 2025. This is an increase relative to last week's forecast, largely because of the sudden steep increase in transmission, the highest % increase in nearly 3 years.

The best-case scenario would be closer to 800,000 daily. There could be retroactive downward corrections to the most recent data. Biobot (20% of model weight) is not reporting, and they could bring in lower numbers. Transmission could also level off atypically.

The worst-case scenario would be closer to 1.8 million daily infections. This could occur if the late-lull combines with risky population behavior for December (travel, large gatherings, more indoor time) to play "catch up." LP.8.1. could also play a factor.

Info for new readers (as noted in Tweet 1):

For those unfamiliar with the PMC model, find full weekly reports for the past 14+ months at pmc19.com/data

The models combine data from IHME, Biobot, and CDC to use wastewater to estimate case levels (r = .93 to .96) and forecast levels the next month based on typical levels for that date and recent patterns of changes in transmission the past 4 weeks.

Our work has been cited in top scientific journals and media outlets, which are fully sourced in a detailed technical appendix at pmc19.com/data/PMC_COVID…

Examples include JAMA Onc, JAMA-NO, BMC Public Health, Time, People, TODAY, the Washington Post, the Institute for New Economic Thinking, Salon, Forbes, the New Republic, Fox, CBS, and NBC. See pgs 11-13 at the above link.

We will have a pre-print out in the next month documenting very compelling evidence for the validity of using wastewater to estimate case rates. Forecasting is challenging in the context of the current viral evolution, but the real-time estimates of cases are impressively accurate to the best we can evaluate it.Graph 1: year-over-year transmission  Graph 2: most recent 12 months + 1-month forecast  Descriptions of key points provided in Tweet
PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵5 of 8

I offered a sneak peek earlier. Here's what to expect on Christmas Day if the model holds. We will update as data come in. Vaccinations, masking, air purifiers, & serial pooled rapid testing reduce risk.

PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵6 of 8

Covid transmission is projected to be very high around New Year's Eve.

At a party of 25 without testing or isolation, it's a coin toss of getting a Covid exposure.

Flight? All but guaranteed.

✅Vax
✅Mask
✅Air purifiers
✅Test
✅Reduce contacts.

Info for new readers (as noted in Tweet 1):

For those unfamiliar with the PMC model, find full weekly reports for the past 14+ months at pmc19.com/data

The models combine data from IHME, Biobot, and CDC to use wastewater to estimate case levels (r = .93 to .96) and forecast levels the next month based on typical levels for that date and recent patterns of changes in transmission the past 4 weeks.

Our work has been cited in top scientific journals and media outlets, which are fully sourced in a detailed technical appendix at pmc19.com/data/PMC_COVID…

Examples include JAMA Onc, JAMA-NO, BMC Public Health, Time, People, TODAY, the Washington Post, the Institute for New Economic Thinking, Salon, Forbes, the New Republic, Fox, CBS, and NBC. See pgs 11-13 at the above link.

We will have a pre-print out in the next month documenting very compelling evidence for the validity of using wastewater to estimate case rates. Forecasting is challenging in the context of the current viral evolution, but the real-time estimates of cases are impressively accurate to the best we can evaluate it.PMC New Year's Eve Forecast - December 31, 2024 How Does Risk Increase with More Social Contacts? Number of People  |  Chances Anyone Is Infectious 1	2.6% 2	5.1% 3	7.6% 4	9.9% 5	12.3% 6	14.5% 7	16.8% 8	18.9% 9	21.0% 10	23.0% 15	32.5% 20	40.8% 25	48.1% 30	54.4% 35	60.0% 40	64.9% 50	73.0% 75	86.0% 100	92.7% 300	99.9%
PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵7 of 8

If you have used our Covid dashboard on the website or social media in the past year, please complete our quick survey.
tulane.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0o…

Results will support a fast-track grant resubmission by showing that this information informs decision making. The grant is specifically intended to fund Covid mitigation supplies (educational booklets, masks, DIY fit-testing kits, air purifiers, Covid tests) to people with cancer who are at very high risk of severe outcomes from Covid infections. It's the COVI-CAN 3 study.

In talking with other Covid-aware advocacy groups, we believe the survey will also provide great preliminary data for other project proposals, so please reach out if we can be of help to your cause. 🙏Flyer for the survey.
PMC COVID-19 Dashboard, Dec 16, 2024
🧵8 of 8

Please share the web dashboard, video, images, and summaries across all social media platforms. 🙏

With the wave coming on strong out of nowhere, we need to get the word out quickly. #SilentSurge

pmc19.com/dataEntire dashboard, summarized in each of the preceding Tweets.

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More from @michael_hoerger

Dec 15
PMC COVID Update, Dec 15, 2025 (U.S.)

In the latest CDC data, 15 states have moderate to very high transmission.
🔹1 in 63 estimated actively infectious nationally, rising fastest in the Midwest & Northeast
🔹Very High: Indiana
🔹High: Nebraska, Vermont, Connecticut

🧵1/9 Heat map from CDC data and PMC estimates of 1 in 63 actively infectious and >700,000 new daily infections, based on wastewater derived estimates using models noted in the Technical Appendix at the website listed in the image.
PMC estimates 1 in 26 people in Indiana are infectious and 1 in 39 in Connecticut.

MI, MS, and AR may have higher levels than shown due to poor reporting.

States AL to MS shown.

🧵2/9 Alabama	Moderate	1 in 41 (2.4%) Alaska	Very Low	1 in 220 (0.5%) Arizona	Very Low	1 in 118 (0.8%) Arkansas	Low*	1 in 68 (1.5%) California	Very Low	1 in 382 (0.3%) Colorado	Very Low*	1 in 230 (0.4%) Connecticut	High	1 in 39 (2.6%) Delaware	Very Low	1 in 222 (0.4%) District of Columbia	Very Low	1 in 131 (0.8%) Florida	Very Low	1 in 320 (0.3%) Georgia	Very Low	1 in 275 (0.4%) Guam	Very Low	1 in 426 (0.2%) Hawaii	Very Low	1 in 670 (0.1%) Idaho	Very Low	1 in 108 (0.9%) Illinois	Low	1 in 71 (1.4%) Indiana	Very High	1 in 26 (3.8%) Iowa	Low	1 in 76 (1.3%) Kansas	Moderate	1 in 62 (1.6%) Kentucky	Mode...
PMC estimates 1 in 39 are infectious in both Nebraska and Vermont (coincidence, not typo).

Very few NY sites are reporting to the CDC, so use the NYS website there instead.

States MO to WY shown.

🧵3/9 Missouri	Low	1 in 80 (1.2%) Montana	Very Low	1 in 135 (0.7%) Nebraska	High	1 in 39 (2.5%) Nevada	Very Low	1 in 225 (0.4%) New Hampshire	Moderate	1 in 47 (2.1%) New Jersey	Very Low	1 in 200 (0.5%) New Mexico	Low	1 in 75 (1.3%) New York	Moderate*	1 in 49 (2.1%) North Carolina	Very Low	1 in 226 (0.4%) North Dakota	Low*	1 in 85 (1.2%) Ohio	Moderate	1 in 62 (1.6%) Oklahoma	Moderate*	1 in 47 (2.1%) Oregon	Low	1 in 89 (1.1%) Pennsylvania	Moderate	1 in 55 (1.8%) Rhode Island	Low	1 in 70 (1.4%) South Carolina	Very Low	1 in 215 (0.5%) South Dakota	Low	1 in 86 (1.2%) Tennessee	Moderate	1 in 60 (1.7%) ...
Read 9 tweets
Dec 8
PMC COVlD Update, Dec 8, 2025 (U.S.)
1/9

🔥🔥🔥Very High: Arizona (Yuma)
🔥🔥High: Indiana and Vermont
🔥Moderate: Nebraska and Alabama

Data only go through late November, and levels often increase following Thanksgiving. Heat map and PMC estimates of transmission (1 in 102 actively infectious).
PMC COVlD Update, Dec 8, 2025 (U.S.)
2/9

State-by-state estimates (part 1). Arizona is Very High, but sites were only online in the Yuma area. Indiana remains high.

MI and MS have considerable uncertainty.

DC is exceptionally low. Alabama	Moderate	1 in 47 (2.1%) Alaska	Very Low	1 in 220 (0.5%) Arizona	Very High*	1 in 18 (5.7%) Arkansas	Very Low*	1 in 138 (0.7%) California	Very Low	1 in 574 (0.2%) Colorado	Low	1 in 76 (1.3%) Connecticut	Low	1 in 91 (1.1%) Delaware	Very Low	1 in 307 (0.3%) District of Columbia	Very Low	1 in 5,777 (0.0%) Florida	Very Low	1 in 494 (0.2%) Georgia	Very Low	1 in 180 (0.6%) Guam	Very Low	1 in 289 (0.3%) Hawaii	Very Low	1 in 704 (0.1%) Idaho	Very Low	1 in 121 (0.8%) Illinois	Very Low	1 in 112 (0.9%) Indiana	High	1 in 30 (3.3%) Iowa	Low	1 in 83 (1.2%) Kansas	Low	1 in 105 (1.0%) Kentucky	Very L...
PMC COVlD Update, Dec 8, 2025 (U.S.)
3/9

State-by-state estimates (part 1). Vermont remains High. Tennessee has fallen rapidly from a quick surge.

Data quality are low in NY. Missouri	Very Low	1 in 176 (0.6%) Montana	Very Low	1 in 136 (0.7%) Nebraska	Moderate	1 in 45 (2.2%) Nevada	Very Low	1 in 372 (0.3%) New Hampshire	Very Low	1 in 109 (0.9%) New Jersey	Very Low	1 in 217 (0.5%) New Mexico	Very Low	1 in 118 (0.8%) New York	Very Low*	1 in 260 (0.4%) North Carolina	Very Low	1 in 233 (0.4%) North Dakota	Low*	1 in 101 (1.0%) Ohio	Low	1 in 70 (1.4%) Oklahoma	Low*	1 in 68 (1.5%) Oregon	Very Low	1 in 150 (0.7%) Pennsylvania	Low	1 in 89 (1.1%) Rhode Island	Very Low	1 in 187 (0.5%) South Carolina	Very Low	1 in 144 (0.7%) South Dakota	Low	1 in 82 (1.2%) Tennessee	Very Low...
Read 9 tweets
Nov 23
PMC COVlD Update, Week of Nov 24, 2025 (U.S.)
🧵1/10

With CDC data operational again, the transmission map is back. The data are always a week old, so transmission is likely worse than depicted.

We estimate 1 in 116 people actively infectious and 422,000 new daily infections. Heat map: Indiana and Arkansas with "moderate" transmission. All others, "low" or "very low" (CDC categories).
PMC COVlD Update, Week of Nov 24, 2025 (U.S.)
🧵2/10

State level estimates are back. Note, the CDC changed their data processing approach in August, which tends to downplay transmission.

Does 1 in 45 in Indiana seem "moderate"?

Levels in MI may be mod/high (poor reporting). Alabama	Very Low	1 in 153 (0.7%) Alaska	Very Low	1 in 272 (0.4%) Arizona	Low	1 in 63 (1.6%) Arkansas	Moderate*	1 in 47 (2.1%) California	Very Low	1 in 365 (0.3%) Colorado	Very Low	1 in 137 (0.7%) Connecticut	Low	1 in 103 (1.0%) Delaware	Very Low	1 in 262 (0.4%) District of Columbia	Very Low	1 in 418 (0.2%) Florida	Very Low	1 in 408 (0.2%) Georgia	Very Low	1 in 292 (0.3%) Guam	Very Low	1 in 887 (0.1%) Hawaii	Very Low	1 in 426 (0.2%) Idaho	Very Low	1 in 116 (0.9%) Illinois	Very Low	1 in 116 (0.9%) Indiana	Moderate	1 in 45 (2.2%) Iowa	Very Low	1 in 108 (0.9%) Kansas	Very Low	1 in 109 (0.9%) Ke...
PMC COVlD Update, Week of Nov 24, 2025 (U.S.)
🧵3/10

State-level estimates (continued).

Current levels may be much higher than noted here. Note that CDC data are always at least a week old. The 2nd half of November is a time period historically of accelerating transmission. Missouri	Very Low	1 in 202 (0.5%) Montana	Very Low*	1 in 114 (0.9%) Nebraska	Low	1 in 95 (1.1%) Nevada	Very Low	1 in 228 (0.4%) New Hampshire	Low	1 in 78 (1.3%) New Jersey	Very Low	1 in 192 (0.5%) New Mexico	Very Low	1 in 151 (0.7%) New York	Very Low	1 in 212 (0.5%) North Carolina	Very Low	1 in 212 (0.5%) North Dakota	Very Low*	1 in 116 (0.9%) Ohio	Very Low	1 in 109 (0.9%) Oklahoma	Low*	1 in 70 (1.4%) Oregon	Very Low	1 in 194 (0.5%) Pennsylvania	Very Low	1 in 111 (0.9%) Rhode Island	Very Low	1 in 167 (0.6%) South Carolina	Very Low	1 in 112 (0.9%) South Dakota	Very Low	1 in 127 (0.8%) Tennes...
Read 10 tweets
Nov 8
PMC COVID Update, Week of Nov 10, 2025 (U.S.)
1/6🧵

🔹301,000 new daily infections based on wastewater-derived models
🔹1 in 162 people (0.6%) actively infectious
🔹Levels the past 2 months corrected upward by Biobot
🔹"Lull point" estimated between Nov 5-21. Rising soon. Year over year graph, emphasizing that levels commonly rise in mid November
PMC COVID Update, Week of Nov 10, 2025 (U.S.)
2/6🧵

The central estimate of the forecast suggests we will surpass 500,000 new daily infections on Nov 22.

There's a 25% chance of a prolonged lull like last year. More likely, we are in wave territory by the end of the month. Close up of the most recent 3 months of data, including the forecast.
PMC COVID Update, Week of Nov 10, 2025 (U.S.)
3/6🧵

We are presently in a lull between the 11th and 12th wave. Now is the time to get boosted and stock up on N95 masks, tests, and air purifier filters.

Do a DIY fit test if you've been putting it off. Graph of the 11 waves
Read 6 tweets
Nov 3
PMC COVlD Update, Nov 3, 2025 (U.S.)
1 of 9 🧵

The relative "lull" in SARS-CoV-2 transmission is unlikely to go much lower.

✨1 in 209 people are estimated actively infectious, likely the lowest levels of 2025 nationwide.

Get boosted. Stock up on masks, tests, & filters. Year-over-year graph
PMC COVlD Update, Nov 3, 2025 (U.S.)
2 of 9 🧵

No data presently suggest the rise of a winter wave any earlier than "usual."

If following historical trends, transmission will pick up Nov 15-29. Last year's rise was atypically late. Forecasted transmission
PMC COVlD Update, Nov 3, 2025 (U.S.)
3 of 9 🧵

Expect rising misinformation/disinformation as transmission heats up:
🔹Abuse of community notes, particularly surrounding wastewater methodology
🔹Paid bot army attacks, especially about boosters & masks
Read 9 tweets
Oct 28
PMC COVlD Update, Oct 27, 2025 (US)

Transmission typically accelerates in mid-November.

We are currently in a relative 'lull.' We estimate about a quarter-million new daily infections with 1 in 185 people actively infectious. Still bad, likely to get worse.

1/9 🧵 year over year graph
PMC COVlD Update, Oct 27, 2025 (US)

Our forecast through November 8 calls for flat transmission.

Nothing yet indicates the onset of a winter wave, but it would also be atypical for the lull to last much longer than another 2-3 weeks.

2/9 🧵 Graph of recent transmission and current forecast
PMC COVlD Update, Oct 27, 2025 (US)

We estimate 264,000 new daily infections during this 'lull' period.

Biobot data have returned. Our substitute data from WWS last week correlated r=.97 (near perfect) with that, but Biobot did retroactively increase recent estimates.

3/9 🧵 Graph of the 11 waves of the pandemic
Read 9 tweets

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