Cities are engines of innovation and failing to police them makes us poorer.
Cities are great because of agglomeration—firms, innovators, creatives, etc. being close.
In a landmark study published earlier this year, @StuartBDonovan found that crime disrupts urban agglomeration:
There are benefits to living in cities.
Urban dwellers enjoy a premium to their wages, but urban areas also command an increase to rents, because they're desirable locations to be.
You can use these correlated quantities in the investigation of agglomeration.
Both are correlated with one another, and with agglomeration (the benefits accruing to clumping people, firms, amenities, etc. together).
And both are negatively correlated with criminal victimizations in the area.
But the larger effect here runs through rents.
The picture these results paint is one where crime causes people to leave urban areas, and (at least partly in doing so) it reduces the value of urban amenities.
Crime makes it harder to enjoy the benefits of everyone being able to work together in a close area.
Crime is inimical to the civilizational purpose of cities.
Cities should be founts of creation, bastions of mobility, shiny places people go to build.
But if women are getting mugged, druggies are normal, and kids can't walk to school safely, cities can't fulfill that purpose.
There's a lot more to this paper, and I hope you all go read it, because it is very informative and it fleshes out so much more than I had space to say.
As a recap on my appearance, Eli Lilly is pursuing:
- A one-dose drug for preventing most heart disease
- A vaccine for chlamydia
- A vaccine for gonorrhea
- A vaccine for Epstein-Barr
- A drug that lets you stay awake longer and feel more rested
And remember, Eli Lilly's big break historically was the University of Toronto licensing them to produce insulin.
They started off by giving it out for free, saving the world's diabetics at a time when there was no treatment available.
They've always been a force for good.
I think
- The heart disease drug will succeed
-- Will it commercialize? It can, easily. But I'm 50/50 due to the competition
- Chlamydia and gonorrhea vax will succeed, but I don't see much commercial potential with Lilly
- EBV vaccine will fail with Lilly, succeed eventually
Are White women the primary beneficiaries of affirmative action?
That's a real claim that's commonly advanced by journalists, and the claim has gone so far that it's even made its way into academic publications and policy.
But the claim is completely false🧵
This claim doesn't make a lot of sense. After all, shouldn't the primary beneficiaries of affirmative action be the people who the policies primarily target?
In America, that's African Americans and, among them, women get an added benefit. How could it be Whites?
To figure out where the claim comes from, I started reading supposed sources.
Often enough, journalists will just take the claim for granted without providing *any* source.
It's just tacit knowledge now, and that's not good!
World War I devastated Britain and likely slowed down its technological progress🧵
The reason being, the youth are the engine of innovation.
Areas that saw more deaths saw larger declines in patenting in the years following the war.
To figure out the innovation effects of losing a large portion of a generation's young men who were just coming into the primes of their lives, the authors needed four pieces of data.
The first were the numbers and pre-war locations of soldiers who died.
The next components were the numbers and locations of patent filings.
If you look at both graphs, you see obvious total population effects. So, areas must be normalized.
You know how most books on Amazon are AI slop now? If you didn't, look at the publication numbers.
Compare those to the proportion Pangram flags as AI-generated. It's fully aligned with the implied numbers based on the rise over 2022 publication levels!
Similarly, the rise of pro se litigants has come with a rise in case filings detected as being AI-generated, and with virtually zero false-positives before AI was around.
Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play argued that France's early fertility decline was driven by its inheritance reforms, where estates had to be split up equally to all of the kids, including the girls.
There's likely something to this!🧵
For reference, the French Revolution ushered in a number of egalitarian laws.
A major example of these had to do with inheritance, and in particular with partibility.
In some areas of France, there was partible inheritance, and in others, it was impartible.
Partible inheritance refers to inheritance spread among all of a person's heirs, sometimes including girls, sometimes not.
Impartible inheritance on the other hands refers to the situation where the head of an estate can nominate a particular heir to get all or a select portion.