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Emmanuel Profile picture
@ejustin46
Jan 17 • 7 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
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VIRUS-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

Uncovering the Intricate Interplay of Respiratory Viruses: How Influenza's Dominance Shapes the Viral Ecology, Disrupted by the COVID-19 Pandemic
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) The key finding of this study is that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the typical seasonal patterns and virus-virus interactions among respiratory viruses.

Prior to COVID-19, the respiratory viruses exhibited distinct seasonal peaks with ... Image
3) ... influenza and RSV coinciding in winter, and parainfluenza peaking in summer. This suggested complex interplay between the viruses.

Despite an overall decline in respiratory virus infections during the pandemic, coinfection rates remained remarkably stable at around 10%. Image
4) This indicated the respiratory virus ecosystem was resilient to the disruption caused by COVID-19.

Statistical analysis and experimental coinfection studies revealed that influenza plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of this viral ecosystem. Image
5) Influenza had strong positive interactions with RSV, enhancing its infection, but negative interactions with parainfluenza, inhibiting its spread. Image
6) The disruption of influenza's seasonal circulation during COVID-19 led to irregular patterns for other respiratory viruses, as the central "hub" of the virus-virus interaction network was removed.
7) This highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic indirectly impacted the broader respiratory virus ecology by altering the dynamics of influenza.

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More from @ejustin46

Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 17
H5N1. New key study in Nature! 💥💯

How H5N1 affects monkeys to understand the risk to humans ?
The virus was given to the monkeys in three different ways through the nose, directly into the lungs, and through the mouth.

Thanks to @DavidJoffe64
nature.com/articles/s4158…Image
2) Monkeys given the virus directly into their lungs got very sick, with serious lung damage and the virus spreading to other organs. Monkeys given the virus through their nose also got sick, but not as severely. Image
3) Interestingly, monkeys given the virus through their mouth did not get sick or have the virus spread in their body. This suggests that getting the virus from drinking contaminated dairy products may be less risky than breathing it in. Image
Read 4 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 16
▶️HOW the TRANSMISSION BOTTLENECK of SARS-CoV-2 (nb of viruses shed from one host to infect another) AFFECTS VIRAL EVOLUTION?
▶️What ROLE Does DIRECT EXPOSURE Play in VIRUS SHEDDING?
▶️Can the UPPER AIRWAY'S ROLE clarify the IMMUNITY LEVELS needed?
💯💥
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…Image
2) How the transmission bottleneck affects viral evolution ?

- Wider transmission bottlenecks (more viruses transmitted) can aid viral evolution by:
- Increasing the amount of genetic diversity transferred between hosts Image
3) - Increasing the probability of mixed-strain infections and recombination
- Allowing more efficient selection of fit variants
- Narrower bottlenecks only transfer limited genetic diversity, making it more likely fit variants fail to transmit due to chance Image
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 15
SURPRISING DATA 😲 ?

▶️ UNVACCINATED WITHOUT N ANTIBODIES had the HIGHEST RATE of new Omicron INFECTIONS (56%)
▶️ The N ANTIBODY TEST identified 27.3% of POSITIVE who had NEGATIVE PCR RESULTS

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…Image
2) The study found that nucleocapsid (N) antibodies were a valuable marker for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections, including many asymptomatic cases missed by PCR testing. 35.2% of PCR or N antibody positive individuals were asymptomatic, and the N antibody test ... Image
Image
3) ... identified 27.3% of positive HCWs who had negative PCR results.

Potential reasons for the high rate of asymptomatic infections include a genetic basis, with research suggesting the HLA-B*15:01 allele may allow rapid viral clearance before antibody production. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 11
SARS-CoV-2 VIRAL PARTICLES CAN PERSIST IN VARIOUS BODILY FLUIDS FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD AFTER INITIAL INFECTION 😨

H/t @atranscendedman
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…Image
2) This study uses a microfluidic device which provides an important advance over standard COVID-19 tests by directly detecting intact SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, rather than just free viral RNA. Image
3) The ability to measure whole virus offers insights into active infection and infectivity.

In patient samples, the researchers found detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles persisting for weeks after initial diagnosis. Image
Read 7 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 9
COULD it TAKE HUMANS, 20,000 YEARS to ADAPT to SARS-CoV-2?

The article mentions an ancient coronavirus outbreak in East Asia that lasted around 20,000 years, raising concerns about the ongoing threat from SARS-CoV-2 and future variants.
H/t @falsel_net
abc.net.au/news/science/2…Image
2) Co-author Yassine Souilmi notes uncertainty about whether infections were seasonal or involved different zoonotic viruses. This suggests a potential for recurring epidemics. Image
3) Genetic adaptations to past coronaviruses took thousands of years, indicating that achieving lasting immunity may require many generations. Image
Read 5 tweets
Emmanuel Profile picture
Jan 8
H5N1 TRANSMISSION (North America) :
Migratory Birds Fuel Rapid Spread of Avian Flu Across North America

A very interesting study from @LouiseHMoncla and colleagues
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
2) The 2022 North American HPAI outbreak was driven by repeated virus introductions from Europe/Asia via wild migratory birds. A single Atlantic flyway introduction spread rapidly across the continent. Image
3) Waterfowl and shorebirds were the main viral reservoirs, while other species were dead-end hosts. Unlike past outbreaks, farms experienced many independent introductions from wild birds, not extensive farm-to-farm spread. Image
Read 4 tweets

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